Cloud Based Customer Satisfaction Survey Application

INTRODUCTION

As cited in the website of (www.umsl.edu), for the past three decades Decision Support System (DSS) have evolved from simple model-oriented systems to advanced multi-function entities. During the 1960’s, most Decision Support Systems were fairly based on powerful (and expensive) mainframe computers which provided managers with structured and periodic reports.  Decision Support Systems welcomes contributions on the concepts and operational basis for DSSs, techniques for implementing and evaluating DSSs, DSS experiences, and related studies.

The company value the quality of processing transactions. Research should have a platform using web, an intranet in order to have communication and to enhance procedural filing of data needed.

We had been noticed currently using the manual process of customer satisfaction survey and it causes to the Research and Development Office and Human Resource Department of doing heavy task of manipulating the files.  The number of population of the students has been increased as of the registrar’s office therefore; there would be also an increase or a lot of works to do of the Research and Development office.  The manual customer satisfaction survey slows down the processing and delaying the submission of survey as well as the security of data of the students has not been defined in manual system.  Forms are being stored on cabinets. Stack of reports sometimes maybe lost due to some other files.  It takes time of records to be sorted.

With the concerns of staffs, the company is about to embrace computerization to solve their problems on task speedy accomplishment without comprising accuracy results.  So, we proposed the Electronic Customer Satisfaction Survey.  It is web-based tools that will be designed according to the specifications of the school.  The propose system will have the following features such as: User friendly, User interface on tablet/Android phones, Real time processing, and can generate survey results with emoticon.

Cloud Based Customer Satisfaction Survey Application

The purpose of the study is to improve, develop, and implement the proposed system that will help the organization in developing the Cloud Based Customer Satisfaction Survey. It presents a new aspect of developing the study including on the different services.  Through using Tablets to survey, it can make the school effective and efficient in terms of technology.

Significance of the Study

The researcher intended to enrich and upgrade system by developing a good system based for use as gathering information for customer service also for the researchers to develop their communication skills.

Students.  The system will aid the students for easy access to evaluate and take survey services being rendered by the school.

Faculty and Staff.  In order to help them take easy survey, evaluate the services of the school appropriately.

Research and Development Office and Human Resource Department.  The proposed study will help support the Research to determine whether where part of the services still need to be enhance.

Technical Background

Cloud Based Customer Satisfaction Survey is developed using the rapid application development model.  It is one of the process models in System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) that has a series of steps which involves the number of phases or procedures that gave the complete software. All possible requirements were gathered and defined in a manner that is understandable by both user and developer. This study is in a form of research in which you ask the students, faculty and staff for their views on issues that indicate how well or how badly the services is performing with the system.

The proponents will install the XAMMP Server 1.7.3 an Apache distribution containing MySQL, PHP and Perl in which will provide a support for creating and manipulating the Database.  The relevant to the demand of the system is to have a software program which is important, the Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) that will be used for the design of system, PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP) is a server-side scripting language that used for web development and also used as a general-purpose programming language.  For the query, we used MySQL Front a client for Windows that allows for the management, to manage a local or remote Database through a client interface.  Since we consider PHP-Nuke to be more appropriate and flexible tool for this task, we would like to focus our attention a little on a functionality of MySQLFront.  That is the ability to load, import and export Databases of great dimensions without losing data or getting errors.  Also we used Google Chrome as the browser and Intranet for the connection only within the organization.

Cloud Based Customer Satisfaction Survey will be used for the replaced of manual process in the institution.  The system will work, first, the user (staff, faculty and student) will register and give all the data being required, secondly, user will attempt to log-in by using their Username/Password, if it is valid, the user can proceed with the next task.  In the third process, user will evaluate the Services with the corresponding questionnaire.  The user cannot view the result, only the Services can view the result in order for them to know on what aspect of their service’s needs to be improved and the Research and Development Office will tabulate the overall ratings and they are also the distributor to give the result in every Services.

System Features of Cloud Based Satisfaction Survey

Administrator

• AdminInfo (id, fullname, designation, contact, picture)
• ManageRegistration (regid, schoolid, name, contact, department, type(student, faculty, staff, visitor), status (active, inactive))
• QuestionCategory (catid, categoryname(Library, Instruction, etc))
• ManageSurveyQuestion (surveyid, categoryid, question)
• Manage Department (deptid, department name)
• ManageSurveyResult (id, surveyid, rating, regid, departmentid)

System Reports

• Get the mean of result per Category
• Get the Overall Mean

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Student Academic Performance Tracking Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

These related literature and studies are herein cited to give better understanding of the said study and to find out what have been done on the study.

Edmodo Learning Platform

Based in San Mateo, California (USA), Edmodo was founded in 2008 by Nicolas Borg and Jeff O’Hara. It is considered as a social networking site (very similar to Facebook) for teachers and students.

It provides a secure and easy environment where pupils can share their content, and access several activities, evaluations and notices. Users can send and receive messages, discuss on forums and share digital resources such as videos, audios or images. All evaluations and grades are easily stored and accessible anytime. It can be accessible online and by mobile devices (including Android and iPhones). The platform is available in 6 languages including English, German, Greek, French, Spanish and Portuguese. In the first quarter of 2013, there were over 18.8 million people registered in over 90 countries. 85 of the largest US school districts have already chosen it(http:www//edmodo.com)

According to Veletsianos and Navarrete of University of Texas at Austin, USA, the potential of social networking sites to contribute to educational endeavors is highlighted by researchers and practitioner’s alike, empirical evidence on the use of such sites for formal online learning is scant. The literature suggests that SNSs hold promise for online education. Nevertheless, considerable gaps exist in the empirical literature, especially with regards to what the student experience is like in these environments. A contributing factor to these gaps is the scarcity of studies reporting on the use of social networks in formal education, with Arnold and Paulus (2010). (http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1078/2077)

The Social Learning and Collaboration Platform

The study of Borgatti, S. P., & Cross, R. (2003).A Relational View of Information Seeking and Learning in Social Networks. Management Science, 49(4), 432-445.A Social Learning and Collaboration Platform; the other is PACTS (Program and Course Tracking System), which we use to further manage more detailed course and program information. Social and professional networking. For example, someone in instructional design might benefit from learning about new technologies and their pedagogical implications, while someone in marketing might benefit from learning the latest in Web analytics technology, and a new hire in registration would need to learn the systems and applications necessary to register World Campus students. There is a need for rapid and efficient communication between people in the various roles and in different status levels within the organization (the organization does maintain a loose hierarchy of workers typical of academic institutions.(http://sites.psu.edu/natalieharp/writings/proposal-a-social-learning-and-collaboration-platform)

          According to Yonghong Wu, Jianchao Luo, Lei Luo School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 benbshmily@126.com, andyluomail@163.com, lluo@uestc.edu.cn

Student Academic Performance Tracking Related Literature

Android which Google released as an open-source mobile phone operating system is a Linux-based platform; it consists of the operating system, middleware, and user interface and application software. xFace is a cross-platform web application engine for mobile Internet. As a global leader in mobile web application engine, xFace [1] has the advantages of versatility, easy to master, universal. It significantly reduces the effort of development; while the services of testing which porting layer provides, will greatly reduce the developer’s development costs. (http://www.studymode.com/essays/Android-International-Conference-On-Computer-And-1439090.html)

          According to Sotelo, 2005, Interactive Learning, is a pedagogical approach that incorporates social networking and urban computing into course design and deliver. Interactive Learning has evolved out of the hyper-growth in the use of digital technology and virtual communication, particularly by students. The use of interactive technology in learning for these students is as natural as using a pencil and paper were to past generations. “The Relevance of the Study that there is a need for integration of software such as interactive learning. This could be benefit   android application user namely the pre-schooler who does not have the confidence in learning through this type of android software that performs interactive functions in a single interface. If an integration would cater mostly to the need of computer users. This software is interactive android learning software that shoes the basic learning needed of a person or student which will greatly help the user in learning in school and at home. (http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Review-Of-Related-Literature-And-54993702.html)

          The study of Lim Dr. Natasa Christodoulidou Assistant Professor of Marketing College of Business Administration and Public Policy California State University; there are various platforms provided by the social media networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and Twitter to the marketing of products and services for the hospitality industry. Social network offers media technologies that can facilitate online functionality and monitoring perspectives wherein the data gathered can be used to develop their services for customer satisfaction. The hospitality industry can market themselves in social media and networking. Hospitality industry can use social media to engage customers and clients in dialogue and recognize their needs.http://www.studymode.com/essays/Social-Media-Branding-958418.html)

The Parents Portal

According to Russel, 2009. The Parents Portal gives the parent an opportunity to view their student’s schedules, performance, and statement of accounts. Parents also have access to review current contact information, which may be used to help the school maintain accurate contact data. Online Reporting is the innovative use of media and communication technologies such as emails, blogs, websites and text alerts in order to keep parents informed about their children’s achievements, progress, behavior and attendance. It is important for teachers and schools to consult parents on how they would like to be kept informed on the progress of their child. Some parents prefer face – to – face contact, whereas others may favor the convenience of tools such as text alerts or online reporting to gain a quick insight of their child’s progress. A website is one of the most effective communication tools that are easily accessible for most schools and parents. (http://www.studymode.com/essays/Parent-portal.html)

Virtual Learning Environment

Findings from several studies conducted particularly in the United Kingdom have affirmed the growing usage of virtual learning environments, especially in higher education institutions.  (See, for example, Browne, Jenkins & Walker, 2006; Kirkup & Kirkwood, 2005; Lingard, 2007, and Ramsey, 2003.  Britain and Liber (1999) reported that virtual learning environments “will have a considerable impact on the way that learning and teaching is conducted in universities.”  Kirkup and Kirkwood (2005) reported “widespread investment in and adoption of VLEs at the institutional level by UK higher education institutions.”  A survey conducted by Browne et al (2006) reported that 95% of higher education institutions in the UK used virtual learning environments.

A number of papers have been written on the effectiveness of virtual learning environments at the university level.  These benefits are, for example, accessibility, convenience, and flexibility (Colorado & Eberle, 2010; Khan, 1997; Killion, 2000; Osciak & Milheim, 2001; Relan & Gilliam, 1997)

Several studies have focused on the role of motivation in using a virtual learning environment effectively. (See for example, Moos & Azevedo, 2009; Coffin & McIntyre, 1999; Thompson & Lynch 2003)  Brosnan (1998) reported the negative effects of computer anxiety and frustration on student self efficacy.

Konrad (2003) concluded in a study that the ability of most University students was below the ability necessary to use a virtual learning environment effectively.  However, at the time of this writing, Edmodo had yet to be invented and Facebook was not the worldwide phenomenon it has now become.  Thus it is important to consider his findings in the light of current trends and belief in the idea that students are more naturally inclined to work with technology they are familiar with 21^st Century Learning.

Using Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) as a tool for managing and empowering autonomous learning is becoming standard around the world.

Virtual learning environment users are assigned either a teacher or student ID.  The teacher gets to see what actions the student takes, and the teacher has additional rights to create or modify content and track student performance.

There are a number of commercial virtual learning environment software packages available including: Blackboard, WebCT, Lotus Learning Space and COSE.   Unlike the above mentioned, the VLEs which are the focus of this research study (Edmodo and Moodle) are available at no cost.

MOODLE

  Moodle or Modular Object-Orientated Dynamic Learning Environment was created by Martin Dougiamas in 2001. The philosophy of Moodle supports a constructivist approach to education where students and teachers can contribute to the educational process.  Growing up in the outback of Australia, Dougiamas’ education was largely sustained from distance learning.  In 2007, the rights of open source education was in serious jeopardy when Blackboard, a commercial virtual learning environment, tried to establish a patent in the field making all  virtual learning environments subject to payment.   Dougiamas, as the creator of one of the first open source virtual environments defended its right to exist and a United States court agreed, denying Blackboard and other commercial virtual learning environments from controlling the market.   At the time of the research, Moodle had claimed to have served over 63 million users.

 Moodle is a course management system used popularly around Southeast Asia. This study focuses on the effectiveness from a student perspective of these two VLEs currently being used to manage English as a foreign language (EFL) class at a university in Thailand.   Data were collected with a mixed-methods research paradigm.  Altogether, 172 students responded to a questionnaire intended to measure the quantitative data of their usage of these two applications. From this group, 22 students voluntarily participated in an interview or focus group dealing with their experience of the two VLEs. Overall, the findings affirmed that students prefered Edmodo to Moodle. The link between social network learning and 21st century skills has been proven (Greenhow, Robelia, & Hughes 2009) and offers great potential in resolving current educational problems.

At Windsor University (a pseudonym used to replace the actual name of the university), Moodle has been the main virtual learning environment used since 2004, and it appears to be growing in importance and stability as more teachers begin to feel comfortable with the program.   Prior to the study, Edmodo had never been used by any teachers in the faculty.   The researcher, like many of his students, struggled with the initial learning process of using Moodle when it was prescribed to him at the beginning of the 2^nd semester in 2011.  Seeking to make a change in the way teachers at the faculty used virtual learning environments, the researcher began collecting data from the students in order to present to the English program the need to reconsider the direction of how virtual learning environments were being used at Windsor University.  Subsequently, he realized the Moodle phenomenon was immense at the University level, especially in Thailand, while Edmodo (at the time of data collection) was little known outside of the United States.  Thus, it is hoped the results from the research could be helpful to Windsor University and other universities.

Student Information Systems

Notably, student information system or SIS incurs such application software designed for educational establishments to manage student data. Student information systems provide capabilities for entering student test and other assessment scores, building student schedules, tracking student attendance as well as managing many other student-related data needs within the institution university. Thus, many of these systems applied in the Philippines can be scaled to different levels of activity and can be configured by their home institutions to meet local needs.

Moreover, before universities have created their own bespoke student record systems, but with growing complexity in the business of educational establishments, organizations now choose to buy customizable within the shelf software. It can be that, modern student information systems are usually server-based, with the application residing on central computer server and are being accessed by client applications at various places within and even outside the school. During the year 1990s, student information systems have been changing and are fast adopted through the presence of a web medium as a channel for accessing SIS without any hassle upon viewing student details and information.

(http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2010/07/student-information-system-review-of-related-literature.html)

Performance Matters

Performance Matters is made up of talented professionals who are passionate about education. Founded in 2003, we have created a culture that thrives on customer service and innovation. We sincerely care about our customers and the work they do. When a customer calls, we answer the phone and answer their questions. We know our customers by name and we know what is important to them, their schools and their students. From the support team to executive leadership, product management and professional services, all PM professionals are uniquely positioned to serve educators, and work tirelessly to deliver service levels that exceed expectations.

Innovation never sleeps at Performance Matters. When we say we are redesigning assessment as a catalyst for student success, we mean it. Assessment should be and can be meaningful for college and career readiness. With our technology, we can meet every student where they are, irrespective of their grade or competency level. The time is now to leverage the collaborative power of technology and lift the assessment process to the next level. There are few, if any, nobler causes than the education of our youth. We are proud to be a part of it and encourage you to join the movement!

Student Data

Unify student data analytics power instruction via interactive item analysis of assessments that enable teachers and administrators to analyze student performance and differentiate instruction. Curriculum experts have access to intuitive item statistics reporting that combines item discrimination, test validity and distractor analysis. This easily pinpoints quality items as well as identifying those items that need revision or disposal.

The Baseball Card module is designed for any level of user to combine multiple measures of student achievement via a simple drag and drop selection. Grouping and filtering the data are easy and fast! Want to see the relationship between 3 years of State test data, local assessments and Lexile measures in seconds and reduce the student listing to those with 5 or more absences? That exercise is a snap with Baseball Card.

(http://www.performancematters.com/)

WebEIM

WebEIM is a student information management solution that was developed to accomplish the requirements of different schools. The mission of Teledata Systems and Services, WebEIM’s parent company is to develop an automated Student Information System capable of handling every bit of information in a school’s database and delivering results in an accurate and a hassle free method. This solution has been designed with the unique set of features:

Integrated:

From the time a new student is registered in a schools database to when he graduates to middle school WebEIM moves data seamlessly and transparently.

Configurable:

WebEIM allows schools to use their specific codes can be configured while restructuring the work process.

Centralized:

WebEIM eliminates the need for double inputting data. When a teacher supervises his/her individual class, the principal can supervise the entire school as one without any duplication of effort.

100% Web-based:

Information on WebEIM can be accessed from anywhere at any time with a standard browser on a Mackintosh or Microsoft platform.

(http://www.scribd.com/doc/147372387/TUP-T-Guidance-and-Information-System-Documentation-Chapter-1-to-5#scribd)

eClass4Learning

efficiently and affordably provides learning technology solutions for education, non-profits, associations, government organizations and small businesses and corporations.

We are dedicated to aligning our clients’ missions and values with their desired training outcomes while providing the highest level of technical expertise and customer-focused service. The eClass4learning team is made up of expert instructional designers and technical staff who are masters at using Totara, Moodle and Mahara to improve learning.

eClass4learning connects you to the latest technological and educational innovations in elearning, making it easy for you to achieve successful learning and compliance outcomes.  We provide a wide range of integrated open-source eLearning services including consulting, hosting and training. And we work closely with your IT department and site administrators throughout each phase of your project.

eClass4learning’s corporate office is in Milwaukee, Wisconsin but the nature of our business extends our reach throughout the United States and globally to Mexico, South America, Asia and the United Kingdom.

(http://www.eclass4learning.com/company-information/)

A web-based learning management system with automatic assessment resources

One of the desirable skills for engineering students is the ability of creating and understanding geometric objects. Most of this ability is acquired during elementary and high school courses, but some acquisition are left for undergraduate studies. The introduction of Dynamic Geometry (DG) brings dynamicity to the traditional geometry learning process. Some DG systems present web-based versions, allowing students to use them worldwide through web browsers. By using such systems, students may increase their performance on solving geometric problems, which increase the amount of work to be assessed by teachers or tutors. As a consequence, the delay between the time of submitting the student answer for a problem and its feedback is also increased. Nevertheless, if the learning process is mediated by a web based learning system, the delay on providing feedback may cause student’s disappointment or course abandonment. In this paper we present the free software SAW, a web-based learning management system that incorporates e-learning modules (e-LMs) for specific learning contents, such as geometry or programming. An e-LM is a Java applet that offer resources for client/server communication and may offer resources for problem authoring and automatic assessment.

(https://w.ime.usp.br/~leo/artigos/artigo-en-moura-brandao-brandao.pdf)

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Healthcare Home Information System for Senior Citizen Related Systems and Studies

REVIEW OF RELATED SYSTEM

          This article discussed the related systems, and the technical background of the study. The developers conducted through review of some related topics to make the study more reliable. In according this study, they made some researches from different related studies for them to come up with their own study.

Technical Background

The developers worked on C# considering that it is the most applicable and recommended language in developing a system. C# is used to create and develop running environment and program of the developed system .Visual Studio 2017 is a programming language and development environment created by Microsoft, which provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows the developer to drag and drop objects into the program as well as manually write program codes. C# is a powerful and flexible programming language. Like all programming languages, it can be used to create a variety of applications. Your potential with C# is limited only by your imagination. The language does not place constraints on what you can do. C# has already been used for projects as diverse as dynamic Web sites, development tools, and even compilers.

The developers also used MySQL Query Browser which is a cross-platform GUI client program that is intuitive and easy to use. MySQL Query Browser provides a graphical interface to the MySQL server for querying and analyzing data and similar in style of use to MySQL Administrator, but is oriented toward accessing database contents rather than server administration.

In this project, the developers used the MySQL Query Browser as the back end of the system in saving and holding all the necessary information about the products and its transactions. It also organizes all important data used in the system in one database.

Healthcare Home Information System for Senior Citizen Related Systems and Studies

Related System

          The develop system of Cueto et.al (2013) provides many benefits such as convenience, order and price accuracy, eliminates hold times, no waiting in line and no pressure for the customer. The system also includes booking of services, updates on the products and customer, records about the products and sevices and information.

The researchers can gather some information or get some idea on how the develop system evolved. The develop system is using the same software to design and develop.

According to e-Gov: Linking Primary Care Information Systems and Public Health Vertical Programs in the Philippines, community-based primary care information system are one of the building blocks for national health care to local governments, we observed “health information system islands” connected to national verticals programs being implemented in devolved health units. These structures lead to a huge amount of “information work” in transformation of health information at the community level.

The passage of the Affordable Care Act in health centers have become even more important to the nation’s health care system and have increased their number of patients served by nearly 5 million while adding more than 64,000 new full-time staff nationwide.

Health center quality of care equals and often surpasses other services provided by other primary care providers. Overall, health centers emphasize coordinated primary and preventive services or a “medical home” that promotes reductions in health disparities for low- income individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, rural communities and other underserved populations. Close to 60 percent have been designated patient centered medical homes, which means they emphasize care coordination and communication to improve quality, lower costs and enhance both the patient and provider experience.

The article Caregivers’ acceptance of electronic documentation in nursing homes (Yu P., Hailey D., Li H.), conducted a survey using questionnaires to produce a comparative study. The study was prepared for two Australian nursing homes and the participants were the caregivers employed in the organization. One of the nursing home had already implemented an electronic documentation system and the other stayed paper-based. The survey questionnaires included opinions of the caregiver about their satisfaction using the system. Also their attitude towards it. The same questions      handed to the other group which has remained paper-based. As the result, the study showed that both of the groups were satisfied. Caregivers that have been using the system appeared also to have positive attitude to the system. In summary the paper concluded by means of the electronic nursing documentation system it may lead to improve the efficiency of telemedicine in nursing home settings.

The paper Computer-based nursing documentation in nursing homes: a feasibility study (Ping Yu, Yiyu Qiu and Patrick A. Crookes) discussed the burden of paper-based nursing documentation and the possible solution to it. The study tackled about the complaints and poor performance of aged-care workers due to the old way of documenting their work. The solution according to their prior research is to automate its system. To prove this hypothesis, the authors used survey as its methodology to perform their study. They have surveyed 13 different nursing homes in Australia to know if using automated system in nursing homes will be supported by aged-care workers. Surprisingly, they have found that 89.3% of aged-care workers will support the transition of paper-based into automated system. The number is showing that the workers were very positive about introducing a system for efficiency purposes despite a shortage of computers in their workplace. The study concluded that aged-care workers are willing to accept the automated system and practice adapting the information technology [2].

Comparison of Manual Versus Automated Data Collection Method for an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Study (M.D. Byrne, T.R. Jordan, and T. Welle) is a paper that investigated and improved the use of automated data collection procedures or nursing research and quality assurance. The research proved that investing time and energy just to create reports using manual based can be upgraded. According to the paper, when the system has been implemented and the way of reporting has been upgraded the human errors will be limited. In addition to that the system will be considers an  investment in the organization. In the paper it is written that “in the long and short term, automation efforts can bear the fruits of improved patient outcomes through rapid data re-use and analysis to identify deficiencies and errors while evaluating changes in nursing practice”.

The purpose of the paper Web Based Nursing Home Information System: Needs, Benefits, And Success in Providing Efficient Care At Long Term Care Facilities (Rohan Ohol) is to explore the need of Information Systems for nursing home. The study took place in Columbia, Missouri in the organization named Aging in Place – TigerPlace. According to the research, information system is beneficial to organizations. Upon knowing that building or developing a comprehensive electronic health report is possible to the chosen organization, the focus of the paper is not only to introduce the use of information technology but also develop the actual system that suits to the organization. The system “will not only help care providers in obtaining a complete health care information about residents but will also improve the quality of care for the residents in long term care facilities” according to the paper.

From the reviews, the proponents learned that automation really has an advantage in this field. There are number of evidence that can proved that developing a system can be more effective at helping the employees/volunteers working in the nursing homes. This knowledge suggested that the idea of making the manual-based system of Bahay ni Maria into automated system is a worthy project and that it will bring good result to its beneficiary.  Also, the literature review proved that developing such a system with the same goal as this study is possible and the resources are enough to complete this project.

There are many software systems for nursing homes that are available for purchase and are said to be effective at minimizing the work load of employees. On the other hand, there is no proper documentation about the systems and is not open source. There is no system architecture as well therefore; developers cannot re-use the system for improvement which is reasonable because they are using the system for business purposes. The following are examples of downloadable system once purchased that can be used by many nursing homes.

MedEZ offers automated work in billing, claims submission and electronic health reports. The system simplifies the work of the employees and keeps records effectively .

Horizon Healthware is a computer software and system that automate back-office and clinical field processes for providers of a variety of community-based services such as: Home Health, Hospice and Palliative Care, Personal Care, Homemaker, and Companion Services, Community-based Waiver Programs, Private Duty Nursing, Outpatient Therapy Services, Behavioral/Mental Health.

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Clinic Information System with Decision Support System Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE / SYSTEM

Related Literature

Decision Support System “Evolution”

Daniel E. O’Leary

University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

1. Introduction

Apparently, Courbon, Grajew and Tolovi (1978) were the first to use the notion of “evolution” in decision support systems (DSS).  Soon after that, Keen (1980) elaborated on key aspects related to evolution in DSS.  That research was most concerned with the notion that DSS evolve over time: the development methodology of DSS is an evolutionary one.  In a closely related set of developments, Lehman et al. (1983) appear to have been the first to use the term “evolution” in conjunction with generic computer software.  In particular, Lehman (1998) labeled software development and maintenance, as software “evolution.”  He described software change and enhancement as “unending,” suggesting that evolution also is unending.

1.1 Scope

DSS as a bundle of hardware, data and knowledge, user interface and software application -change and evolve over time.  As a result, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the notion of DSS evolution and DSS characteristics and component evolution.  Previous literature has primarily been concerned about the notions that DSS evolve and that methodologies of DSS development consider that evolution.  In addition, there has been some concern as to why DSS evolve.  However, there has been limited research according to how DSS actually change and evolve over time.  Accordingly, we review the previous literature on DSS evolution, according to its individual components and provide specificity for DSS evolution through those components changing over time.  In addition, we extend the notion of evolution to a more proactive perspective, aimed at management of evolution, where we try to predict and facilitate evolution as part of DSS management, rather than just passive evolution.

Clinic Information System with Decision Support System Related Literature

The scope of the paper is to investigate evolution of DSS, in general, and in its components, specifically.  For some DSS components there is an extensive evolution literature, for example, database schema.  However, for others there is a more limited literature, e.g., evolution of different knowledge representations.  Because of the broad reaching and extensive nature of this topic, we provide additional discussion on knowledge evolution, including knowledge artifacts, such as taxonomies.

1.2 This Paper

This chapter proceeds as follows.  Section 2 discusses key issues associated with evolution and how it relates to DSS, including such issues as what is DSS evolution, what are some sources of evolution and the extent to which backward compatibility is an important issue in DSS evolution.  Section 3 provides a review of some of the previous literature that deals with DSS evolution, analyzing each major component of a DSS for previous discussions on evolution.  Section 4 focuses on knowledge evolution, while section 5 drills down on how to manage that knowledge evolution by facilitating and predicting knowledge evolution.  Section 6 provides a brief summary of the paper and the contributions.

Review of Related Study

Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems for Chronic Disease Management: A decision-Maker-Researcher Partnership System

Base to the authors of www.implementationscience.com the use of computerized clinical decision support systems (CCDSSs) may improve chronic disease management, which requires recurrent visits to multiple health professionals, ongoing disease and treatment monitoring, as well as patient behavior modification. The objective of this review was to determine if computerized clinical decision support systems (CCDSSs) improve the processes of chronic care (such as diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of disease) and associated patient outcomes (such as effects on biomarkers and clinical exacerbations). http://www.implementationscience.com/content/6/1/92

Clinical Decision Support Systems

The Clinical decision support (CDS) systems provide clinicians, staff, patients, and other individuals with knowledge and person-specific information, that are intelligently filtered and presented at appropriate times, to enhance health and health care. The Institute of Medicine has long recognized problems with health care quality in the United States, and for more than a decade has advocated using health information technology (IT), including electronic CDS, to improve quality. According to the author of this site, since 2004, when the Federal Government had promoted the importance of electronic medical records (EMRs), there has been a slow but increasing adoption of health IT. It must be remembered, though, that these health IT applications are a means to improve health care quality, not an end in themselves. Further, although EMRs with computerized provider order entry (CPOE) can improve accessibility and legibility of information, it is unlikely that there will be major improvements in the quality and cost of care from the use of health IT without proper implementation and use of CDS. http://healthit.ahrq.gov/images/jun09cdsreview/09_0069_ef.html

Medical Education and Decision-Support Systems

James B. Lewis Jr., MD, and Kathryn Ryder, MD, MS. March 2011,

According to James B. Lewis Jr. and Kathryn Ryder, only about 55 percent of patients receive evidence-based care. But, if we want to increase the use of evidence-based medicine and raise the quality of care for all patients, the evidence must be at the fingertips of those making clinical decisions. In their ranking of evidence-based resources in terms of their effectiveness as decision-making aids, Strauss and Haynes place original journal articles at the bottom, followed by systematic reviews (Cochrane database), evidence-based journal abstracts (ACP Journal Club), and evidence-based textbooks (ACP PIER, Clinical Evidence); at the top, they argue, should be the computerized decision-support system (CDSS) . Their argument is a practical one. For the practicing physician, evidence-based assistance must be “reliable, relevant, and readable”, and for the physician trainee, a CDSS that succinctly cites the evidence for specific orders has great educational promise. The CDSS also offers the opportunity to move a new therapy from newly published research to standard of care more quickly than the 17 years it currently takes.

http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2011/03/medu1-1103.html

Computerized Clinical Decision Support and Knowledge Management in Community Settings: A Qualitative Study

There is substantial evidence that computerized provider order entry (CPOE) with clinical decision support (CDS) can enhance health care quality and efficiency base on the biometrics.com website. It defines CDS broadly to include “passive and active referential information as well as computer-based order sets, reminders, alerts, and condition or patient-specific data displays that are accessible at the point of car”. Interest in CPOE with CDS is intensifying among clinicians and hospitals in the U.S. as federally funded financial incentives are enacted. At present, only 10 to 20 percent of hospitals have CPOE, the large majority of which are academic hospitals with teaching programs or hospitals with large numbers of employed physicians, such as Veterans Affairs or Kaiser Permanente hospitals. Although 86% of the 5815 hospitals in the U.S. are community hospitals, only 6.9% of them report having even a basic CPOE system. In ambulatory settings, 17% of physicians report that they use clinical information systems, and only 4% of those physicians use systems that include CPOE and CDS. The numbers, however, are rapidly rising.

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/12/6

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Mother Tongue Mobile Application Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This serves as source of ideas and basis in the conceptualization of the study. It also includes some operational technical terms related to the study.

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Prior to the conceptualization, design, and development of the proposed mobile application “Fellowship Baptist College English – Hiligaynon Electronic Dictionary”, the researchers had to take into consideration the following topics which could be useful in this undertaking:

• Electronic Dictionary – this topic has to be taken into consideration since the proposed mobile application is an electronic dictionary
• Technologies Integrated in an Electronic Dictionary – this topic will serve as the basis for the technologies that are to be incorporated in this proposed mobile application
• Hiligaynon Language – the proposed mobile application is centered on the translation of the Hiligaynon word in to its corresponding English word
• Mother Tongue – it is a subject in the K-12 curriculum of the basic education in relation to the use of the Hiligaynon language
• Mobile Technology in Education – this topic has to be reviewed by the researchers since the proposed application is a mobile application
• Android – an important topic that has to be reviewed by the researchers since the proposed mobile application targeted platform will be the Android platform and the proposed application is to be tested utilizing a device with an Android operating system

Mother Tongue Mobile Application Review of Related Literature

Electronic Dictionary

An electronic dictionary is a dictionary whose data exists in digital form and can be accessed through a number of different media. Electronic dictionaries can be found in several forms, as dedicated handheld devices, as apps on smartphones and tablet computers or computer software, as a function built into an E-reader, as CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs, typically packaged with a printed dictionary, to be installed on the user’s own computer, and as free or paid-for online products.

Most of the early electronic dictionaries were, in effect, print dictionaries made available in digital form. The content was identical, but the electronic editions provided users with more powerful search functions. Two obvious advantages are that limitations of space and the need to optimize its use become less pressing, so additional content can be provided, and the possibility arises of including multimedia content, such as audio pronunciations and video clips. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_dictionary)

With the above mentioned definition on the nature of an electronic dictionary, it is also fitting that the researchers had to look into the technologies integrated in an electronic dictionary as basis in the development of the proposed mobile application.

Common Technologies Integrated in an Electronic Dictionary

Several developers of the systems that drive electronic dictionary software offer API and SDK – Software Development Kit tools for adding various language-based (dictionary, translation, definitions, synonyms, and spell checking and grammar correction) functions to programs, and web services such as the AJAX API used by Google. These applications manipulate language in various ways, providing dictionary/translation features, and sophisticated solutions for semantic search. They are often available as a C++ API, an XML-RPC server, a .NET API, or as a Python API for many operating systems (Mac, Windows, Linux, etc.) and development environments, and can also be used for indexing other kinds of data.

There are differences in quality of hardware (handheld devices), software (presentation and performance), and dictionary content. Some handhelds are more robustly constructed than others and the keyboards or touch screen input systems should be physically compared before purchase. The information on the GUI of computer based dictionary software ranges from complex and cluttered, to clear and easy-to-use with user definable preferences including font size and color.

The technologies in which were the basis for the development of the proposed Fellowship Baptist College English – Hiligaynon Electronic Dictionary has been analyzed by the researchers, then another important factor needed in the realization of this project is the Hiligaynon language. It is where the main focus of this proposed electronic dictionary.

The Hiligaynon Language

In an article excerpt from http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hiligaynon.htm, Hiligaynon is a member of the Visayan branch of the Austronesian language family with about 11 million speakers in Western Visayas in the Philippines, 7 million of whom speak is as a native language. Most of the speakers live in the provinces of Iloilo and Negros Occidental. There are also speakers in the other provinces of the Panay Island group, such as Capiz, Antique, Aklan and Guimaras.

Irene Thompson in May 29, 2014 wrote in her article, “Hiligaynon”, that Hiligaynon’s closest relatives are Capiznon, Masbatenyo, and Porohanon. Hiligaynon is the fourth largest of the 175 languages spoken in the Philippines and there are 3 varieties of the Hiligaynon Language, Hiligaynon, Kawayan spoken in the island of Biliran, and Kari.

The local literatures clearly implied that Hiligaynon is the native language in Negros Occidental. Thus, it is considered as the mother tongue of the Negrenses living in Negros Occidental. In line with this fact, it is fitting that the researchers has to consider the mother tongue, since this mobile application will serve as a tool for the Grades 1, 2, and 3 in studying the native language, as part of the K-12 basic education curriculum.

Mother Tongue

Mother tongue or mother language refers to a child’s first language, the language learned in the home from older family members. In some places, the term has taken on more of a culturally symbolic definition, so that an individual might say, ‘I don’t actually speak my mother tongue’. A related term, home language, refers to the language or languages spoken in the student’s home.

In a dissertation paper, Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Studying Top-Down Policy Implementation from the Bottom Up (Burton, L.A, 2013) there is a growing trend around the world to support mother tongue instruction in the early years of a child‘s education. In Southeast Asia, this is apparent in a rising number of educational programs that utilize this approach. However, the Philippines is the only country in Southeast Asia to have instituted a national policy requiring mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) in the primary school years. While studies have long supported the use of mother tongue as the language of instruction, they have primarily been conducted in community rather than national settings. As such, little is known about how a national policy for MTB-MLE can be disseminated into contextualized local environments.

The dissertation paper examined how teachers and parents in one school district in the Philippines understand and enact MTB-MLE. Teachers and parents knowledge, beliefs, and practices were studied to identify how national language policy is appropriated at the ground level. In addition, the challenges to policy implementation were explored and analyzed. Utilizing a case study methodology, this research included focus groups, surveys, classroom observations, and individual interviews. Data were collected during a three week time period in June and July 2012, which was one month after the beginning of MTB-MLE implementation in the schools.

Results of the study from the dissertation paper of Lisa Ann Burton indicated that teachers‘ and parents‘ views of MTB-MLE focused on the short-term benefits of the policy and the long-term disadvantages. While both groups were overwhelmingly satisfied with the increase in student understanding, they expressed concern about the future implications for learning in Bikol rather than in English. They overtly supported the policy in terms of complying with the requirements, yet covert resistance was observed in their words and actions. The implications of these findings revolve around the way in which language policy is managed. Rather than a top-down approach that does not consider the local context, language policy must be implemented through interactions between the top and the bottom. (Burton, L.A., Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Studying Top-Down Policy Implementation from the Bottom Up, University of Minnesota, May 2013)

Mobile Technology in Education

An article in the February 25, 2003 edition of the Guardian begins as follows: “Imagine all those times in the day when we see groups of young people hunched over mobile phones, thumbs straining repetitively. Now imagine they are not texting friends or passing the time with a game, but are actively engaged in learning. If you are finding this hard to imagine, the researchers running the “m-learning” project are not.” This clearly demonstrates that mobile technology is widely used in today’s generation of learners.

Still on the use of mobile technology, the integration of technology in education was discussed in a study commissioned by UNESCO Asia and the Pacific. An axcerpt of the study states that (Farrell,G. and Wachholz,C. 2003) The rate of change in the nature of ICT infrastructure, combined with the stunning rate of global adoption, makes the development of policy frameworks very challenging. Historically and theoretically, the purpose of policy in educational environments has been to guide the adoption process; however, what we observe now is that innovation typically begins in the absence of any guiding policy, and policymakers find themselves in the position of scrambling to regain the leadership role. And they find that the policy development processes of the past, those based on careful, time consuming analysis, are a luxury that can no longer be afforded because the pace of change is so rapid. Policy makers need access to planning tools that enable them to assess needs, evaluate ICT infrastructure options, and make decisions within short timeframes. And they need to be able to continually evaluate the effects of policy and make adjustments as needed. Efforts to develop tools and training to assist policy makers to meet this challenge need to be “ramped up”.

It is arguable that the adoption of ICTs in education has, in general terms, reached the stage of early adoption. Decision makers and teachers want to know how this innovation will increase access to educational opportunities, what the costs will be, and what the impact will be on the quality of content and the learning experience. They need to be convinced by evidence before making wholesale changes to the way schools function and the way in which available resources are allocated. (Glen Farrell, Ph.D. and Cédric Wachholz, Meta-survey on the Use of Technologies in Education in Asia and the Pacific, © UNESCO 2003)

According to research carried out by (Warschauer, 2011) to investigate the use of tablets in K-12 schools in the US, the following observations were made: In one private school in California, students had daily access to laptops and frequent access to tablets, thus allowing the researchers to compare the use of the two. In a science class that was observed, students unanimously stated that they prefer using the tablets to the laptops due to the tablets light weight, mobility, touch screen, and apps. Students used the tablets to read free open source Earth sciences textbook, investigate the elements and the composition of the Earth and galaxy via interactive apps, access the school‘s e-learning platform, log and analyze lab data, and produce lab reports. The researcher’s observations suggested that the iPads were particularly helpful for laboratory work as the students carry the devices around to input data on the move. (Warschauer, M, Tablet Computers in Education, 2011)

Valk et. al. (2010) examined the extent to which the use of mobile phones helped to improve educational outcomes in two specific ways: 1) in improving access to education, and 2) in promoting new learning. They reviewed the evidence of the role of mobile phone-facilitated m-Learning in contributing to improved educational outcomes in the developing countries of Asia by exploring the results of six m-Learning pilot projects that took place in the Philippines, Mongolia, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh. They concluded that the analysis of these projects indicates that while there is important evidence in the developing world that mobile phones impact educational outcomes by facilitating increased access, much less evidence exists as to how mobiles impact educational outcomes by promoting new learning. (Valk, J-H., Rashid, A. T., and Elder, L, Using Mobile Phones to Improve Educational Outcomes – An Analysis of Evidence from Asia, Pan Asia Networking, IDRC, Canada, 2010)

On the potential problems with using mobile devices in education, (Nyaggah, 2011) argues that three factors need to be in place for a platform of this nature using mobile devices in education to scale in new emerging markets across the developing world:

1). The Infrastructure – all mobile devices need to be powered up. There’s little access to grid power and green energy is expensive in many parts of the developing world. That said, a family has to decide whether to use the little money they have for a solar pack to power a (probably donated) mobile devices or buy food. Distributing mobile devices at a huge cost to taxpayers in developed and developing countries is the easy part. Once the device is powered up there’s a need to download content onto it. While mobile penetration and coverage is pretty good in some parts of the developing countries, the same isn’t true of other parts. The danger of mobile devices in developing countries that can’t be powered up and onto which no content can be downloaded would seriously undermine any efforts.

2). The Technology – Mobile devices have come a very long way, very fast. However, I am yet to see one that can take the punishment of a school child’s school bag, dust and fluid damage. M-Edge <source: http://www.medgestore.com/> has made admirable attempts but theirs is a retrofit solution. I would love to see devices that are built from the ground up to be rugged. Devices that are not designed for the realities of rural developing countries will need to be replaced or repaired extremely often. This is really just a design challenge that can be easily overcome but one that needs research to solve properly.

3). Content & Curators – publishers in developing countries have been characteristically suspicious of digital publishing and content for these platforms are hard to get. However, getting content created or ported to this platform and distributed somehow is probably the easy part. How do the teachers (the curators) use the technology to help children learn better? Not enough attention is being paid to this and yet this seems the only way to keep this kind of technology going. And again teachers become the focal point of this technology. In some countries, it might be mobile devices that become the preferred platform. While exploring the potential to use the technology, we need to ensure teachers can teach best with whatever technology they have to use wherever they are. Who knows what new device or platform will evolve into the next pen and paper? Teachers will be still here, invest in technology that helps them become better at teaching.

The advantage of not having to manage mobile devices has its own disadvantages. The technology is not in place, at least not yet to manage mobile devices via a remote network by anyone, so each teacher or student would have to create their own user accounts and manage their own apps. Since mobile devices will be used for anywhere, anytime teaching and learning. There would be a lot of frustrated users when they face the challenge of configuring their mobile devices. (Nyaggah, M., Tablets are Good, Content is Better, and Teachers are the Best Educational ICT Investment, July 12, 2011)

Android

An overview of the Android operating system, extracted from Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 2 (Version 1), February 2014. “Android operating system is one of the most widely used mobile Operating System these days. Android mobile operating system is based on the Linux kernel and is developed by Google. Android operating system is primarily designed for smartphones and tablets. Since Android is an open source it has become the fastest growing mobile operating system. Due to its open nature it has become favorite for many consumers and developers. Moreover software developers can easily modify and add enhanced feature in it to meet the latest requirements of the mobile technology. Android users download more than 1.5 billion applications and games from Google Play each month. Due to Its Powerful development framework users as well software developers are able to create their own applications for wide range of devices. Some of the key features of Android operating system are: Application Frame work, Dalvik virtual machine, Integrated browser, Optimized Graphics, SQLite, Media Support, GSM Technology, Bluetooth, Edge, 3G, Wi-Fi, Camera and GPS etc. To help the developers for better software development Android provides Android Software development kit (SDK). It provides Java programming Language for application development. The Android software development kit includes a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU (Quick Emulator), documentation, sample code, and tutorials.”

Another overview of Android operating system popularity, (EDUCAUSE, 2010) Android is a Linux-based, open-source operating system designed for use on cell phones, e-readers, tablet PCs, and other mobile devices. For users of smart phones, Android provides easy access to social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube and smooth integration with Google products like Gmail, Google Maps, and Google Calendar. While it is owned by Google, it should not be confused with Google’s Chrome OS, a web-resident, thin-client operating system designed primarily for netbooks and tablets rather than for mobile devices. Android has been adopted by a number of manufacturers, including Motorola, Samsung, HTC, and Sony Ericsson. The expanding assortment of applications available on this platform suggests that Android-based phones will continue to be strong competitors in the smart-phone market.

Android is significant to the consumers since it is a free mobile OS. Being a free mobile OS, Android has been selected by many hardware manufacturers to run on a wide range of devices, including cell phones, tablets, e-readers, netbooks, and others. According to (Brähler,S, 2010), unlike on other mobile operating systems like Apple’s iOS, Palm’s webOS or Symbian, Android applications are written in Java and run in virtual machines. For this purpose Android features the Dalvik virtual machine which executes its own byte code. Dalvik is a core component, as all Android user applications and the application framework are written in Java and executed by Dalvik. Like on other platforms, applications for Android can be obtained from a central place called Android Market.

According to media.techtarget.com, Android is hailed as “the first complete, open, and free mobile platform.”

• Complete: The designers took a comprehensive approach when they developed the Android platform. They began with a secure operating system and built a robust software framework on top that allows for rich application development opportunities.
• Open: The Android platform is provided through open source licensing. Developers have unprecedented access to the handset features when developing applications.
• Free: Android applications are free to develop. There are no licensing or royalty fees to develop on the platform. No required membership fees. No required testing fees. No required signing or certification fees. Android applications can be distributed and commercialized in a variety of ways.

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Cloud Based File Management Review of Related Literature and Studies

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

            This chapter includes some important terms that are used in the study and some related studies such as books, past written thesis, journals and other significant materials which are written in foreign and local language and that can be relevant and can provide a foundation of the study. It also includes the conceptual model of the study.

File Management

            The data that we work with on computers is kept in a hierarchical file system in which directories have files and subdirectories beneath them. Although we use the computer operating system to keep our image data organized, how we name files and folders, how we arrange these nested folders, and how we handle the files in these folders are the fundamental aspects of file management. The operating system’s organization of our data can be enhanced by the use of cataloging programs, which make organizing and finding image files easier than simply relying on the computer’s directory structure. Another feature of catalog programs is that they can streamline backup procedures for better file protection. (Anderson & Krogh, 2015)

File Management is very important, because if they are not stored in an ordered, methodical way you may never be able to find them again. Secondly, files need to be backed up. USB’s, CD’s and even hard drives can become corrupted. It is also possible to delete important files by mistake – human errors occur frequently when a person is very tired – leading to the loss of that important assignment. If only there was another copy on another disk (Palmer, 2015).

A file management system is a type of software that manages data files in a computer system. It has limited capabilities and is designed to manage individual or group files, such as special office documents and records. It may display report details like owner, creation date, state of completion and similar features useful in an office environment. (Janalla, 2015).

Cloud Based File Management Review of Related Literature and Studies

Information Storage and Retrieval

Kogge (2011) wrote an article about Information Storage and Retrieval. According to him it is used to describe the organization, storage, location, and retrieval of encoded information in computer systems, he also includes the important factors in storing and retrieving information and one of this is the type of media, or storage device, used to store information; secondly, the media’s storage capacity; the speed of access and information transfer to and from the storage media; the number of times new information can be written to the media; Lastly,  how the media interacts with the computer.

Ishikawa (2012) explained that Information storage and retrieval are the systematic process of collecting and cataloging data so that they can be located and displayed on request. Computers and data processing techniques have made possible the high-speed, selective retrieval of large amounts of information for government, commercial, and academic purposes. There are several basic types of information-storage-and-retrieval systems. Document-retrieval systems store entire documents, which are usually retrieved by title or by key words associated with the document. This permits full text searching, enabling retrieval on the basis of any words in the document. In others, a digitized image of the document is stored, usually on a write-once optical disc. Database systems store the information as a series of discrete records that are, in turn, divided into discrete fields records can be searched and retrieved on the basis of the content of the fields. The data are stored within the computer, either in main storage or auxiliary storage, for ready access. Reference-retrieval systems store references to documents rather than the documents themselves. Such systems, in response to a search request, provide the titles of relevant documents and frequently their physical locations. Such systems are efficient when large amounts of different types of printed data must be stored. They have proven extremely effective in libraries, where material is constantly changing.

Lohrey& Media (2015) says Information is a critical business resource and like any other critical resource must be properly managed. Constantly evolving technology, however, is changing the way even very small businesses manage vital business information. An information management system designed to capture, process, store and retrieve information is the glue that holds a business together.

Programing Language

A vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to performed specific tasks. High-level programming languages, while simple compared to human languages, are more complex than the languages the computer actually understands, called machine languages. Each different type of CPU has its own unique machine language. (Reynolds, 2013)

PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor and is a server-side language. This means that when a visitor opens the page, the server processes the PHP commands and then sends the results to the visitor’s browser, just as with ASP. A typical PHP files will content commands to be executed in the server in addition to the usual mixture of text and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) tags. However, PHP is Open Source and cross-platform. PHP runs on Windows NT and many Unix versions, and it can be built as an Apache module and as a binary that can run as a CGI. (Morley & Parker, 2010).

JavaScript is also used in environments that are not web-based, such as PDF documents, site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets. Newer and faster JavaScript virtual machines (VMs) and platforms built upon them have also increased the popularity of JavaScript for server-side web applications. On the client side, JavaScript has been traditionally implemented as an interpreted language, but more recent browsers perform just-in-time compilation. It is also used in game development, the creation of desktop and mobile applications, and server-side network programming with runtime environments such as Node.js. (Scott, 2016).

Operating System

            According to Rouse (2010), operating system is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. The other programs are called applications or application programs. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API). In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface such as a command language or a graphical user interface (GUI).

According to Sinha (2015), the operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs and applications. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and powers. It is like a traffic cop — it makes sure that different programs and users running at the same time do not interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.

According to Emberton (2015), an operating system or OS is a software on the hard drive that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless. The picture to the right is an example of Microsoft Windows XP, a popular operating system and what the box may look like if you were to purchase it from a local retail store.

Web Portal

According to Chozam (2013), portal software is a web-based application that brings audience, application, systems, and processes together to form a centralized collaboration experience. Portal software integrates technologies to build personalized work areas and communities to increase productivity for users. Portal software is built for corporate intranets, extranets, communities, websites, and projects, just to name a few. Depending on the kind of business needs and the portal software, one can expect to gain several benefits in using portal software in any environment. Some of the benefits are efficiently deliver information to the audience, increase productivity for the end user, provides customizable features and development tools, increase interaction between customers and employees, personalized environments for end users and integration of external applications and services by portals.

According Tatnall (2015), web portal or public portal refers to a web site or service that offers a broad array of resources and services, such as e-mail, forums, search engines, and online shopping malls. The first web portals were online services, such as American Online (AOL), that provided access to the web, but by now most of the traditional search engines have transformed themselves into web portals to attract and keep a larger audience.

According to Polgar and Adamson (2015), portals are often the first page the web browser loads when users get connected to the web or that users tend to visit as an anchor site. They offer users a surplus value of service based on the features of classic search engines: a well-trained concierge who knows where to search and find; a well-assorted newspaper kiosk that keeps the latest market information about the surfer’s personal stocks ready; free communications possibilities like email or discussion boards. Thus, the traditional virtual roadhouses -the search engines- become feel-good entrance halls, a gateway to the internet, easy, one-stop embarkation points for the daily web-surfing sessions.

Most Popular Open Source Database

Sawyer and Williams (2012) explained that a database is an organized collection of related (integrated) table (files) that is stored on a computer and organized in a manner enabling information to be retrieved as needed. A database may be small, contained entirely within a personal computer, or it may be massive, available through online connections or supercomputers. Such massive databases are of particular interest, because they offer phenomenal resources that until recently were unavailable to most ordinary computer users.

Hutchison (2014) wrote an article about database program. It is a type of computer software that is designed to handle lots of data in such a way that finding any snippet of data is more efficient than it would have been if just simply dumped filly all over the place. With such database software, if a list of customers and their shipping 0addresses is kept, entering and retrieving information about event the one millionth customer will not take much longer than entering and retrieving information about the first customer.

MySQL can be used for a variety of applications, but is most commonly found on web servers.  A website that uses MySQL may include web pages that access information from a database. These pages are often referred to as dynamic; meaning the content of each page is generated from a database as the page loads. Websites that use dynamic Web pages are often referred to as database-driven websites.

Anderson (2012) said that many database-driven websites that use MySQL also use a web scripting language like PHP to access information from the database. MySQL commands can be incorporated into the PHP code, allowing part or all of a web page to be generated from database information. Because both MySQL and PHP are both open source (meaning they are free to download and use), the PHP/MySQL combination has become a popular choice for database-driven websites.

JavaScript

According to Crockford (2008), JavaScript is a type of programming language used to make web pages interactive. It runs on visitor’s computer and doesn’t require constant downloads from website. It is also the programming language of HTML and the Web. The researcher find out that the Unity software use the JavaScript and C# as programming language to control the function inside the Unity. Mostly, JavaScript is important platform for development of an application.

Short Messages Service Notification

Sheppard (2015) says a Short Message Service (SMS) is similar to paging. However, SMS messages do not require the mobile phone to be active and within range and will be held for a number of days until the phone is active and within range. SMS messages are transmitted within the same cell or to anyone with roaming service capability. Many of these uses depend upon short telephone numbers called common short codes (CSCs), usually consisting of five digits, that are used to address SMS and Multiple Messages Service (MMS) messages from cellular telephones.

Framework for Web Applications

According to Otwell (2015), Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. Development must be an enjoyable, creative experience to be truly fulfilling. Laravel attempted to take the pain out of development by easing common tasks used in the majority of web projects, such as authentication, routing, sessions, queuing, and caching.

Laravel is accessible, yet powerful, providing powerful tools needed for large, robust applications. A superb inversion of control container, expressive migration system, and tightly integrated unit testing support give the tools you needed to build any application

According to Skvorc (2015), Laravel has near perfect documentation.  He also built (directly or indirectly) several other commercial services and partnerships around it. Laracasts covers all the missing docs and use cases, Forge and Envoyer are tuned for Laravel, and he frequently communicates with various bloggers about upcoming features and releases before they are ready, so that they get maximum exposure on release time.

According to Stump (2012), the ideas behind model view controller (MVC) frameworks are quite simple and extremely flexible. The idea is that there is a single controller (such as index.php) that controls the launch of applications within the framework based on arguments in the request. This usually includes, at a minimum, an argument defining which model to invoke, an event, and the usual GET arguments. From there the controller validates the request (authentication, valid model, request sanitization, etc.) and runs the requested event.

Manufacturing Training Center Management Information System of Goodyear Philippines, Inc.

Celestial, Brina and Catapang (2011) of De La Salle University Dasmariñas designed the software to provide user information about different training records and associates. The system covered different modules: Training, Report Generation, and Retrieving modules. In the Training module, training procedures based on the request are received from department heads and the software will allow the user to input relevant data, which will be the basis of the system in selecting training, fitted for the user. Then after a while, it will show the trainings that associates are qualified to take. Retrieving module is where efficient storage and retrieval of training information can be made. At the same time, editing of all the information stored can be made because the software is updateable too.  Report module shows the ability of the system to produce different reports including the individual employee report for easier verification. Prototyping methodology and Visual Basic 6.0 were used in conducting the study.

Report generation is very important in an organization. The researchers decided to provide not just a summary of reports but also the individual Faculty member reports for the convenience of the management.

Employee Management System for the District of Noveleta, Noveleta, Cavite

            According to Bambilla and Nono (2010) of De La Salle University of Dasmariñas, the system is expected to reduce errors made when inputting the necessary data for the forms it accepts as well as the computation of the necessary data. It covers the acceptance of Service Record and the Application for Leave, and outputs the summary-Form 7 and also outputs the service record of a particular employee. The software is free and faster since the user interface has been made simpler and the user can do more work in a shorter span of time, thus, increasing their productivity. The system covers different modules; one of this is the Employee Module and Report Module, wherein all the records of employees are manipulated in this module. It could also produce different kinds of report for basis of employee’s performance.  Spiral methodology was used in the study.

The researchers get the idea of user friendliness from the study. Since the system is user friendly the researchers kept in mind that aside from the functionality which is easy to use the interface must be kept simple so the management will be able to do work in a shorter span of time.

Student File Management System of De La Salle University- Dasmariñas Wellness Clinic (SFMS-DLSUWC)

According to Binay, Angon and Lopez (2011) from De La Salle University Dasmariñas, the software is specially designed for handling the student’s medical records, edit necessary corrections to the current records, and update records that are being added or edited. The system consist different modules, Report Generation Module, Student File Module, History Module and Student Registration Module. In Student Registration Module, the system will allow the administrator to input relevant data to record all necessary files of the registering student. In History Module, the system will display all the record in the database storage and for Report Generation Module; the system will produce different reports as well as the individual student report for easier verification. The software was implemented using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. The software is flexible and easy to use especially in manipulating required databases in building the system with the use of Xampp Server. The methodology used in creating the system is the prototyping method, a process that creates a prototype model on which the developers can base the final system to be used.

Since the researchers’ proposed system is database dependent the researchers gave importance to the database. The idea of being flexible and easy to use of the database in terms of data manipulation in adding, editing or updating data is easier

Web based document processing and management system

According to Lin Sun(2010). The aim of the project is to develop a document management system that is able to deliver access to anyone authorized anytime, anyplace on any device. The system developed makes use of rich internet technology to replace desktop application with rich internet application. The system shares the advantage of both web application and desktop application, and removes the most disadvantages of both. The problems solved in this system include.

The researcher makes a system that will help to the department of information technology. The system helps the head and faculty members to easy access reports anytime and anywhere using internet.

A Web-Based Electronic Filing System Using Conversion of Image File to Text File Approach

According to Yousif Nabeil Yousif(2010) of University of Malaysia, The purpose of his thesis is to develop a document management system for the departments in Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology (FCSIT) in University of Malaya, this system enables administering and managing of students files more efficient. This system can also use in many other departments in the faculty or university. The system developed is called Electronic Filing System (EFS). This system consists of scanning, storing, indexing, archiving, retrieval, and accessing of original documents. Electronic Filling System EFS also help users to save time in searching document. The system can prevent lost document or damage from the effects of disasters such as burn. The system also increases the user productivity of FCSIT and enhances the efficiency of using information, communication and technology. This study employs qualitative research method that includes observation, document analysis and interviews for data collection process. The finding of the data analysis is use as system function requirement in developing.

The researcher will create a filing system for the Department of information technology to easy retrieving of reports and storage for data.

 Credit to the authors of the study/system

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Enrollment System Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEM

This chapter presents the review of the related literature and studies and the technical background of which will discuss the technicality of the project, details of the technologies to be used and the relevance of the project.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEMS

Computerized Enrollment System

According to Studymode.com (2012) computerized enrollment system tends to replace what we called “Paper Less” transaction and also it will make any transaction easier and faster. Also it tends to lessen manpower and human efforts in terms of processing any transaction in regards with enrollment transaction.

(http://www.studymode.com/essays/Computerized-Enrollment-Thesis-927388.html)

Record Keeping

According to Chifwepa (2009) records have a dual function. Not only do they enable a school to have a clear picture of what is available and what is required, but they also provide justification of certain needs. Furthermore, they serve to extend the memory by which persons and/or organizations can pass their cultures and achievements on to future generations. Record keeping is vital to an education system’s information cycle as a whole, because of its fundamental role in the process of efficient information production and collection. Since some of the most crucial information is produced at the school level, the importance of creating a systematic record-keeping culture at that level cannot be stressed enough. (http://www.adeanet..org/adeaPortal)

Importance of Record Keeping

In the study conducted by Adebowale and Osuji (2008) it investigated the record keeping practices of primary school teachers in selected local government areas in Ondo state of Nigeria. Data were collected with a questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on Record Keeping Practices of Primary School Teachers” and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that although the teachers were familiar with some principles of record keeping they were not proficient in most of the operational procedures and did not demonstrate the knowledge of using record keeping to further the development of teaching and learning activities. Equipments that could be used for safe keeping of records were not available. Recognizing the importance of record keeping towards the successful implementation of the country’s Universal Basic Education programme, the researchers recommend that teachers should be given regular in-service training in record keeping and retrieval. Development of record keeping skills should also be included in teacher preparation programmes. (https://www4.nau.edu/cee/jep/journals.aspx?id=183)

Student Information System

According to Schoolcomputing.wikia.com (2012) Student Information Systems (SIS) manages student records and information. A SIS may handle course management, scheduling, personnel records, grades/comments, room/resource management and more. They can be used to run complex enrollment reports, admissions, course schedules, grades and more. A SIS helps schools manage various operations including student data, administrative, and fundraising operations. A SIS allows for the quick and accessible flow of information. By implementing a SIS to manage daily school needs, teachers and administrators can save time and have immediate access to a variety of student data. These systems are needed for all parties involved in education – parents, children, teachers, administrators, alumni, etc. (http://schoolcomputing.wikia.com/wiki/Student_Information_Systems)

Synthesis

The abovementioned concepts on the computerization of enrollment system and record keeping is relevant to the present project because these serve as foundation in the development of an enrollment system for Sagay National High School that will minimize the time consumed and effort exerted by the staff in updating student records and record keeping. The concepts also point to the features of the present study such as the users’ module and database maintenance that will be integrated by the developers in the proposed system.

The concept on record keeping, importance of record keeping, and its fundamental role in the process of efficient information production and collection is used as basis by the researchers in the formulation of the general objectives and important factors to be considered in designing the features that should be included in the development of the proposed enrollment system.

The related studies on the managing of records and information, and record keeping practices provide details and evidence that guide the researchers on how to design and develop an effective enrollment and record keeping tool.

Customer Satisfaction Survey App Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

     This chapter review different related literature on Customer Satisfaction Survey Application with reference to services and present various studies made regarding the issues related with manual Customer Satisfaction Survey.

Foreign Concept

Measuring Customer Satisfaction in Higher Education

According to the website Aldridge & Rowley (2006) states that, the students of Edge Hill University College use a questionnaire‐based survey to collect information on student satisfaction. Student responses were collected electronically through on‐screen questionnaires accessible over an intranet. Outcomes suggest that there remains some resistance to the completion of an electronic questionnaire and both paper and electronic versions are likely to continue to be necessary in order to achieve optimum response rates. These aspects have been further explored with focus groups and fed into the quality plan for the college.

Student Satisfaction of Online Courses for Educational Leadership

According to the website Sampson et al., (2010) states that, the study explored the students’ satisfaction of course components: instruction, communication, assessment, leadership, teamwork, professionalism, and respect / diversity. The findings on the first cohort survey with a hybrid format of course delivery, the 2005 baseline, showed a positive satisfaction with overall means between 3.79 and 4.48 on a five point Likert-scale with a 5 meaning strong agreement with satisfaction.

Customer Satisfaction Survey App Related Literature

University faculty is asked to develop online courses as a response to the growing demands of students for increased access and flexibility of online courses. Further, faculty is encouraged to use the online format to increase the number of students in the programs. As university faculty are encourage to increase this growth of programs and students want the convenience of online courses, there is still a need to keep online courses rigorous with high quality instruction that is aligned with standards for educational leadership. There is a need for course evaluations of online courses and student satisfaction with those courses. Faculty responsible for the development and design of online educational leadership courses should assess their students’ satisfaction with the courses as part of the program evaluation. Student satisfaction and evaluation of online courses could result in increased quality of educational leadership programs and consequently increased student enrolment in the programs. This study verified that students are strongly satisfied with the components of quality online courses in an educational leadership department at one university.

Examining student satisfaction with higher education services: Using a new measurement tool

According to the website Gruber et al., (2010) states that, the study gave a valuable insight into how students perceive the quality of the services offered at a university and how satisfied they are with these offerings. The results show that students’ satisfaction with their university is based on a relatively stable person‐environment relationship. Thus, the satisfaction of students seems to reflect quite well perceived quality differences of offered services and of the wider environment. Students were particularly satisfied with the school placements and the atmosphere among students. Students were mostly dissatisfied with the university buildings and the quality of the lecture theatres.

Collecting Customer Satisfaction Data with Web Surveys

According to the website (De Gruyter, 2011) states that, measuring customer satisfaction is a very important aspect of marketing strategy. For the organization’s survival in the long run it is indisputable to have the ability to retain the customers. Retaining customers is more profitable than attracting new ones because it is easier to sell a product or service to someone who has already used it, rather than someone to whom is product or service completely unknown. In order to measure customer satisfaction primary data’s were collected using a test method on a sample of students, by a questionnaire in a physical form, analyzing the basic elements of educational process. Also, by researching relevant national and international professional and scientific literature the test method was described, and all of its models. Finally, in the conclusion, the basic thoughts about the paper are revealed through the presentation of practical advantages and disadvantages of marketing concept of satisfaction, and reviewing recent trends in communication with students.

Self-Concept, School Satisfaction, and Other Selected Correlates of Subjective Well-Being for Advanced High School Learners Enrolled in Two Challenging Academic Settings

According to the website Robertson (2015) states that, Global self-concept, freedom from anxiety, happiness, popularity, and school satisfaction were examined for 224 partial-day Governor’s School students attending public Governor’s Schools as well as classes in their home high schools, and 56 students taking advanced classes in regular high schools. On average, self-concept appeared adequate to strong, and the two groups were similar in self-esteem. However, in the regular school setting, academic self-perception was stronger for the Governor’s School group. On average, females in the total sample had lower freedom from anxiety scores than the males, and more expressed frequent worry than a comparison standardization group. The Governor’s School students expressed more positive attitudes toward the Governor’s Schools than toward their home high schools, although their academic self-perception was lower in the Governor’s Schools than in their home schools. They also, on average, were more satisfied with the Governor’s Schools than the regular high school advanced students were with their schools.

Local Concepts

Library Evaluation and Performance Measurement: A Review of Literature

According to Fe Angela M. Verzosa, (Verzosa, nd, para. 1-3). Evaluation of library services should be regarded as a management tool, applied to determine how effectively and efficiently the library is serving the needs of its users, to identify the limitations and failures of service, and to recommend ways to improve such service.  The extent to which the user’s needs are satisfied depends on the size and collection of the library, the adequacy and accuracy of the organization of its materials.

Some aspects of library service are more easily evaluated than others.  Generally, the more concrete or specific the user requirement is, the easier it is to measure user satisfaction in absolute terms.  The extent to which the library is used reflects the degree of user satisfaction, which may be measured by subjective procedures such as questionnaires or interviews, or by more objective, quantitative measures, such as percentage calculations and determination of capability indexes, etc.

The search for good ways of  measuring the quality of service (measuring techniques) must, however, start with defining the characteristics of a “good library,”  what characteristics are important to measure, and whether the statistics to be derived from the measurement will be useful and relevant to the determination of the library’s effectiveness or ineffectiveness.

Customer Satisfaction Survey 2011

Eight of every Ten Clients are satisfied with the way NSO delivers its Services

Fetch from (www.web0.psa.gov). The 2010 Survey of Information and Communication Technology (SICT) was conducted in 2011 primarily to collect and generate information on the access and utilization of ICT among establishments in the country for reference year 2010. The SICT adopted the Information Economy as its framework.

According to the website of National Statistic Office (Customer Satisfaction Survey, 2011, para. 1 to 3). The results of December 2011 customer satisfaction survey round showed further improvement of 0.5 percentage point in the overall proportion of satisfied clients. About eight of every ten clients (78.6 percent) felt satisfied with the way NSO delivers its services to the public. A quarter ago, in September 2011, the satisfaction rating stood at 78.1 percent. In the same period last year (December 2010), this figure was observed at 81.9 percent. Satisfaction rating is measured as the percentage of clients surveyed during the reference period who were either satisfied or very satisfied with NSO’s civil registry services.

The net satisfaction rating showed a slim 0.2 percentage point improvement to +76.4 percent in December 2011 from +76.2 percent net satisfaction rating registered during the previous quarter. Net Satisfaction rating refers to the difference between the proportion of satisfied and dissatisfied clients.

A total of 738 thousand processed transactions in December 2011 were served all over the country. Of this number, about 34 percent or 253 thousand transactions were processed and released in Metro Manila service areas covered by the survey. These areas include the NSO Civil Registration Service Areas in East Avenue, Quezon City (Application, Releasing, Endorsement, Party Waiting, and Travel Agency areas) and the five (5) other Metro Manila Outlets (Makati, Caloocan, Muntinlupa, Pasig, and Pasay Census Serbilis Centers).

Customer Satisfaction on the Services Rendered by Montenegro Shipping Lines

According to the website of Montenegro Shipping Lines (Sunto et al., 2010, para. 1). The study aims to assess customer satisfaction on the services rendered byMontenegro Shipping Lines. More specifically to know the profile of the respondents, customer satisfaction on the services rendered by Montenegro Lines in terms of Front Line, Housekeeping and Food and Beverage services, and to know the difference in responses when respondents were grouped according to profile variables.  Descriptive method was utilized in the study. Findings revealed that customers are satisfied on the services rendered by Montenegro Shipping Lines.  The level of customer satisfaction rendered by Montenegro Lines does not differ when grouped based on their profile. The study recommended that the management may conduct Values Enhancement Seminar for the employees. Additional trainings should be conducted to improve the employees’ skills and competence. They must improve room amenities and services. The management may present options/choices in terms of food. Future researches may conduct similar study using other variables.

National Statistic stated these facts, too. Customer Satisfaction is top priority of Montenegro Shipping Lines, Inc. a domestic shipping company established on September 16, 1978 by Vicente Leyco Montenegro, Sr.who was the pioneer service provider of commercial and public transportation by sea via theroute Batangas City – Abra deIlog and back.

As a Cruise Line Operation in Hotel services students, the researchers choose toassess customer satisfaction atMontenegro Shipping Lines. The level of customersatisfaction is an indication profitability and stability. This is our way of knowing our prospects and opportunities after graduation. This is also one way of helping them to improvethe services of Montenegro Lines as future professionals in the hospitality industry.

Related Studies

Customer satisfaction in E-Commerce: a case study of China and Bangladesh

According to the website (Rahman &Han, 2011). This research is intended to study consumer satisfaction using e-commerce. They Analyze and summarize the specific elements of ecommerce customer satisfaction, and the various elements of their expectations and perception. Their main object has been to apply the ideas of two factor theory on an empirical context. It will present detailed idea about how the research will be conducted and which methods and techniques will be implemented for conducting the research. Through customer satisfaction survey, enterprises can grasp the reasons for customer satisfaction or Dissatisfaction; customers can analyze the implied forecast of potential demand, thus promoting the enterprises products and services, continuous improvement and innovation.

Measuring Customer Satisfaction for Various Services Using Multi-criteria Analysis

Fetch from the website of (www.unipi.gr), this paper is to present original customer satisfaction evaluation projects in different business organizations from the public and the private sector. The objectives of the customer satisfaction surveys are focused on the assessment of the critical satisfaction dimensions, by means of qualitative questions, and the determination of customer groups with distinctive preferences and expectations.

The methodological approach is based on the principles of multi-criteria modelling, while the preference disaggregation MUSA (Multi-criteria Satisfaction Analysis) method is used for data analysis and interpretation.

Customer Satisfaction and Multi-Criteria Analysis

Although, extensive research has defined several alternative approaches for the customer satisfaction evaluation problem, all these proposed models and techniques, so far, adopt the following main principles (Grigoroudis, 1999):

1. a) The data of the problem are based on the customers’ judgments and should be directly collected from them.
2. b) Customer satisfaction measurement is a multivariate evaluation problem given that customer’s global satisfaction depends on a set of variables representing service characteristic dimensions.
3. c) Usually, an additive formula is used in order to aggregate partial evaluations in a global satisfaction measure.

Based on these assumptions the customer satisfaction evaluation problem can be formulated in the context of multi-criteria analysis, assuming that client’s global satisfaction depends on a set of criteria or variables service characteristic dimensions.

Prior Art

As we proposed this system Satisfaction Survey, a system for school that will be using Tablet for its users, yet there’s an existing system like into business.

According to the website Hemanth CRPatna (Customer Satisfaction, 2015, para. 1 to 3). Customer satisfaction is related to the human activity directed at satisfying human wants through the exchange of goods and service.

Satisfying the customers occupies a most important position in business management. Customer satisfaction plays a crucial and critical role as it deals with customers and their needs. The major task of organization is to satisfy customers by meeting their needs and wants.

The essence of organization is the customer and not the product shall be the heart of the entire business system. It emphasizes on customer oriented business. Policies and programs, which are formulated to serve efficiently the customer demand. Satisfaction of a customer is so basic that it cannot be considered as a separate function. It is the way whole business seen from the point of view of its final results i.e., from the customer point of view.

Synthesis

Related literature, foreign and local concept and prior art provides a worthy basis with the proposed system Customer Satisfaction Survey Application. There were a lot of related studies that had been discussed and cited related with our studies, and in comparison with our study and to those related data that being gathered is informational similar.

Related literature, foreign and local concept and prior art has proven that the proposed system has a lot and need to be improved for the success of making this study implemented.

Property Management System Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, STUDIES, AND PRIOR ART SEARCH

This chapter contains the review of related literature of the proposed system which also consists of related studies. For further understanding of the study, the researchers made use of the different reading materials related to the proposed system. The materials are books, thesis, and other related website articles in addition to the knowledge of the researchers. These also guided the researchers to achieve the target objectives by getting ideas on other similar studies and make improvements as possible.

Related Literature

A GIS-based methodology for safe site selection of a building in a (hilly region)

According to Bansal(2011) suggested that the use of GIS for retrieving information from a database can assist architects or engineer in decision making. The use of GIS has already been explored in site selection; however, SSS using GIS has not been investigated in depth. Site selection of a building in hilly regions where topography plays a major role cannot be done without geospatial modelling and analysis capabilities that are available in GIS. (www.sciencedirect.com)

Property Management System Review of Related Literature

A web-Hotelogix Property Management System

Hotelogix software (2013), is developed for small and medium size hotels. Hotelogix is an all in one web-based management software that includes housekeeping management, reservation desk, and POS terminals. Through Hotelogix software, Hotel Managers can manage virtually in everyaspect of the properties operation (business2community.com).based geographical project monitoring and information system for the road and highways.

According to Anon (2016) the department of public Works and Highways is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for all the projects in the field of public works. It is responsible for the maintenance of the Philippine road network and irrigation system. DPWH is also responsible for collecting, storing, retrieving, managing, analysing and presenting the data to the public. Many development projects have serious dependence on transport network. Authentic information on the transport infrastructure is fundamental requirement for many decision making process. (www.sciencedirect.com)

AVALANCHE Mapping: GIS for Avalanche Studies and Snow

Science

     According to Douglas Scott (2009) “almost all avalanche and snow-profile data observations have been recorded as hard copies with no digital spatial component”. Technology advances now make it possible to bring observations and data into a GIS for referencing, modelling, and sharing. Historical hand-drawn avalanche path data is converted to digital GIS data, then loaded into a database that can be related to the original hard-copy occurrence, snow profile, and weather data. These data layers can be displayed over other GIS base layers such as DEM, DRG, DOQ, NAIP, soils/geology, and vegetation cover. Then integration of real-time weather and snow-profile data can be added for analysis. Digital data-collection tools can load new data directly into the GIS database. Historical avalanche-path data consists of archived records, photographs, hard-copy mapping of starting zones, and the extent area of danger. (www.avalanchemapping.org)

GIS for Climate Change

According to Jack Dangermond et al (2010) reducing the risks caused by climate change is an immense challenge. Scientists, policy makers, developers, engineers, and many others have used geographic information system (GIS) technology to be better understanding the complex situation and offer some tangible solutions. A GIS-based framework helps us to gain a scientific understanding of earth systems at a truly global scale. Stopping deforestation and growing new forests, particularly in the tropics, are the easiest and fastest ways for society to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and mitigate global warming. GIS is the one of the key elements of the forest carbon monitoring systems needed by tropical developing countries to manage their forest. GIS systems are in place for forest monitoring, and they can also be used to established and maintain property rights and land tenure and to the economic development. (www.esri.com)

Using Geographic Information System to Match Local Health Needs with Public Health Services and Programs

According to Tamara Dubowitz (2011) Local health departments (LHDs) play an important role in ensuring essential public health services, such as monitoring community health, informing and educating the public, and developing policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. Geographic information system (GIS) technology offers a promising means for LHDs to locate community health needs, match them with services and programs, and ultimately identify any geographic gaps between areas of need and the reach of public health services. (www.gov.com)

Opera Property Management System (PMS) 

According to Mary Haberstroh (2011), Opera Property Management System is a system that can operate single hotel property or several hotel properties that allow them to share a single database. It can operate front desk and back office operation. It can efficiently integrate guest profiles and contains room management that the housekeeping and hotel facility management in keeping guest request

(pointofsale.com).

Business Permit and Monitoring System

According to this site (www.inettutor.com) (2016) in local government units, Mayor’s Office is the regulating and monitoring division that assesses from small scale, medium and large scale businesses within the area of responsibility. Pertinent laws are implemented to regulate businesses and monitoring is regularly done by the office. However, there are still businesses that operate without proper permission from the authority. This problem is difficult to trace in the mayor’s office lists of businesses that are permitted and not permitted to operate due to the fact that their files are stored in a manual storage facilities. It also observed that, the office has a manual list of corresponding amount of fees per business.  The use of Business Permit and Monitoring System with DSS alleviate these problems. With the system, it will twist and do a little change in processes of securing permits and monitoring businesses. Some features of the system such as registration of the businesses name, types of business and location; it also computes licenses fees. Storage facility will now become reliable and access of data and information will be easier. Moreover, the system can easily track or browse list of registered businesses that license is expired and about to be renewed. The system gives warning and notification for expired business licenses and automatically computes for fines. It has also a capability to compare data graphically, such as categories of business; small scale, medium scale and large scale and make comparisons so that decision makers will have an idea to better facilitate permitting and monitoring procedure. Once, installed and operational, it would be beneficial to the revenues of the city as well as to the business owners of the city. (www.inettutor.com)

Developing a Geographic Information System for the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River

According to Shannon L. Thol (2016) Natural resources afforded by rivers and adjacent land areas have inherent spatial qualities that make them well suited for monitoring using geographic information systems (GIS). Such riparian areas are usually subject to certain spatial regulations and are often overseen by multiple authorities, further supporting the use of GIS in their management. The main goal of this project was to develop a GIS to support resource management at the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River (UPDE), a unit of the National Park Service and the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System that surrounds the northernmost stretch of the Delaware River in Pennsylvania and New York. A web-enabled GIS was created for use by Park Service personnel and their collaborators from the region. The system integrates natural resource data with information on land use regulations and zoning in a way that supports the “project review” process used to guide management activities at UPDE. A secondary goal of this project was to use the knowledge gained during system development to devise a framework for incorporating GIS into the routine management of riparian areas, especially at Wild and Scenic Partnership Rivers. This framework is a process-oriented outline intended to help personnel with little to no GIS experience design and develop a system that supports their resource management needs. UPDE’s GIS and the framework both have potential to promote effective and efficient management of riparian resources in the Upper Delaware region and beyond (www.gis.eeducation.psu.edu)

Prior Arts

GIS Application for Local Government Revenue Mobilization

     According to Collins Fosu and George Ashiagbor (2016) “as part of decentralization reforms, many countries have devolved revenue and expenditures responsibilities to Local Government Authorities (LGAs). LGAs therefore, face the challenge of mobilizing appropriate level of revenue to enable effective service and infrastructure provision. To ensure effective execution of these statutory functions, the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) all over the world need to improve their Internal Revenue Mobilization”. The GIS technology can enhance revenue mobilization and describes comprehensively the functionalities of GIS Application, Local Government Revenue Mobilization System (LGRMS), developed for local authorities in Ghana for internal revenue mobilization. It gives detailed information of the developed functionalities of the application and the dependencies on GIS for effective local government revenue planning and mobilization. The paper clearly shows that an integrated GIS-Database technology tool is capable of providing a more efficient collection, tracking and management of Local Government revenue and other municipal fees. The development of the revenue system is implemented by the use of the system development life cycle. The system provides realistic information on the revenue potential of an assembly and automates the revenue mobilization processes. It has the ability to integrate and analyse a wide variety of information based on their spatial locations. It also supports a full range of business process on revenue mobilization ranging from, billing, license applications and renewals, permits issuance etc. and the tracking of the same. The menu driven GUI developed is user friendly and incorporates various spatial utility maps including education and health facilities and road network which will increase its acceptability and utilization among planners and decision-makers and is expected to increase the efficacy of revenue planning and budgeting. (www.researchgate.net)

Synthesis

The researchers used many existing studies and projects as well as the methods but developed system focused on operating single project property or several project properties that allow them to share a single database. The system also keeps track of property records. Moreover, the researchers developed a property management system that provides notifications which help the users to know when the schedule for maintenance and property replacement.

Medical Laboratory Information System Related Literature

FOREIGN LITERATURE

University of North Carolina, USA

This article describes the rationale, processes, technology, and results of creating of a paper-based rounds report that is now used by our entire institution for efficient inpatient work rounds and checkout rounds that are routinely done in virtually every hospital, both academic and private, in the US. The results of a survey of clinicians suggests that printed rounds reports have markedly improved rounding efficiency, saved substantial amounts of physician time, standardized checkout processes, and improved patient safety.

Lab Health LIS

While most Clinical Labs are “similar” we have found that no two are exactly alike. Each lab wants a unique software solution, one that helps differentiate it from their many competitors. Quality Software Systems’ Lab Health LIS has been designed to help create a truly customized solution that makes your lab more productive and your service to your clients more distinctive.

Our Laboratory Information System (LIS) is made for the fast, efficient processing of specimens from the provider’s collection point, through the lab equipment interface, and to final billing. Interfaces can be developed for any analyzer, payment clearinghouse, or information interchange need. The System supports laboratories providing diagnostic analytic services in the full range of departments including chemistry, toxicology, hematology, serology, cytology, histology, pathology, microbiology and more. The Computer Based Patient Record Institute (CPRI) was formed by a coalition of health care organizations to promote and develop standards for the use of computerized record systems. This group is actively working on the problems that arise from the use of computerized systems so that the many benefits of the paperless record will not be lost.

Medical Laboratory Information System Related Literature

Foreign System

Montana Clinical Laboratory Integration Award

Description of the Program

The Montana Public Health Laboratory’s Initiative to Integrate Clinical Laboratories into
Public Health Testing proposes to enhance testing and reporting practices with regards to
antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) for rural,
clinical laboratories and laboratories servicing Native American populations in Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming.
A number of compelling factors shaped the focus of this proposal. A 2006 survey of
clinical laboratories in Montana identified significant gaps in knowledge of and adherence to guidelines for AST practices between “urban, large capacity” laboratories and “rural, smaller capacity” laboratories. Public health related testing pertaining to STD testing and reporting in our Native American populations is also a concern, as rates of STDs are higher in this population despite intervention efforts. MT, ND, SD and WY share similar demographic statistics that contribute to common challenges facing our rural, clinical laboratories. Providing educational opportunities to this large geographic, sparsely populated area is a challenge, as many rural laboratories do not have the staffing or resources to attend off-site workshops and seminars. Activities funded by this initiative will increase the knowledge base of clinical laboratory professionals while improving their ability to conduct public health related testing and reporting in these frontier states, as we work toward a National Laboratory System.

Year 1 Objectives:
•    Assess status of AST testing, barriers to compliance with AST standards, and training needs of small, rural clinical laboratories, in MT, WY, ND, and SD. Provide and/or assist in training and practical application of AST standards in order to increase adherence to voluntary guidelines.
•    Assess status of sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing at clinical laboratories that service Native American populations in MT, WY, ND, and SD and promote adherence to testing and reporting standards.
Years 2 and 3 objectives:
•    Continued assessment of AST practices through yearly surveys and refined AST educational opportunities targeting identified needs.
•    Review status of electronic laboratory data reporting from rural, clinical laboratories in MT, WY, ND and SD and find common ground that will promote reporting tests of public health concern to local public health authorities and improve rates of submission of isolates to state public health laboratories.
•    Assess status of public health knowledge, communication, and training needs for rural, clinical laboratories in MT, WY, ND, and SD and establish sustainable mechanisms to strengthen/promote relationships between rural, clinical laboratories and local public health authorities.
Foundation for Health Care Quality:
•    Objective I
To implement a quality management system in Washington State to assess the inter-laboratory variability of clinical microbiology laboratory practice, policies and processes in small hospital laboratories
•    Objective II
To implement a platform for a quality management system in small hospital laboratories in Washington for service delivery, customer service, reduction of variability that occurs in laboratory practice, policies, and processes.
•    Objective III

Plan and implement a quality management system in collaboration and consultation with the Directors of the Alaska, Oregon and Washington State Public Health Laboratories to: a) provide a platform for continuous improvement in service delivery, communication with clinical laboratories, customer services, and processes in their laboratory and, b) to study factors that impede the clinical laboratories in each state from adhering to voluntary national laboratory practice guidelines in microbiology, reporting of results, and submission of isolates and specimens to the state public health laboratory

Practice Management
Health Fusion’s Practice Management System with a fully integrated EHR and clearinghouse simplifies patient registration, scheduling, billing, and reporting for Revenue Cycle Management.

Data in an electronic medical record
•    Patient demographics
•    Medical history, examination and progress reports of health and illnesses
•    Medicine and allergy lists, and immunization status
•    Laboratory test results
•    Radiology images, x-rays, computed tomography – CTs, MRIs, etc)
•    Photographs, from endoscopy or laparoscopy or clinical photographs
•    Medication information, including side-effects and interactions
•    Evidence-based recommendations for specific medical conditions
•    A record of appointments and other reminders
•    Billing records
•    Eligibility
•    Advanced directives, living wills, and health powers of attorney

Local Literature

Wikipedia
Pertinent up-to-date, confidential patient information is converted to a written text document by a medical transcriptionist (MT). This text may be printed and placed in the patient’s record and/or retained only in its electronic format. Medical transcription can be performed by
MTs who are employees in a hospital or who work at home as telecommuting employees for the hospital; by MTs working as telecommuting employees or independent contractors for an outsourced service that performs the work offsite under contract to a hospital, clinic, physician group or other healthcare provider; or by MTs working directly for the providers of service (doctors or their group practices) either onsite or telecommuting as employees or contractors. Hospital facilities often prefer electronic storage of medical records due to the sheer volume of hospital patients and the accompanying paperwork. The electronic storage in their database gives immediate access to subsequent departments or providers regarding the patient’s care to date, notation of previous or present medications, notification of allergies, and establishes a history on the patient to facilitate healthcare delivery regardless of geographical distance or location.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter places the current study into the context of previous, related research. It consist of both related studies and literature that are related to the present study.

Related Literature

This section presents both foreign and local related literatures relevant to the study. This relevance is shown by the proponents in order to give more reason and understanding of the proposition. Tom DeMarco & Tim Lister of Peopleware, 2nd Edition, Dorset House cited that,

“Companies that sensibly manage their investment in people will prosper and eventually succeed in the long run.”

The authors of the book state that if companies manage investment in people wisely, it will reap the rewards in the future as the company grows. It will succeed in the long run because the people within the company are the ones contributing to the growth of the company. Thus entails the importance of taking care of the people within the company. Caper Jones of A Practitioners Approach, Fifth Edition cited that,

“Good estimating approaches and solid historical data offer the best hope that reality will win over impossible demands.”

The author of the book stated that in business, good estimating approaches and solid historical data are beneficial tools to be taken advantage of. As to with research studies, one does not jump to start right away, but the approach should start with solid historical data so that awareness of the study be met with a hopeful result that will win over impossible demands. Carl P. Zeithami & Thomas S. Bateman of Management Function and Strategy cited that,

“In today’s business environment, planning has become a widespread management function, involving people throughout the organization in the analysis, identification, and selection of goals and priorities.”

Authors of the book state that planning is very important for every individual, work group, or organization because it helps the systematic process during which decisions are made about the goals and activities, just like companies using a manual system method to carefully plan on what would be the possible solution to make the system work faster so that there is less probability of errors in the activities, and in considering the need for a computerized system in order to better answer the problem.

Related Studies

This section presents other related studies by the people who conducted studies similar to the proponents that will also greatly help in the progress of the study. And it will also help the understanding of the proposition. Mark Dominic dela Torre stated that,

“The concepts of a simple dream, a determination, quality and perseverance are the forefront to any business that leads to successful outcome.”

Having the concept of determination and assuring quality service to customers, the proponents created an online software program to cater to company employees and agents in making their job easier and more efficient thus delivering quality service and maximizing the potential of the business. Gaudelyn C. Pantilo stated that,

“The increasing demand gave us the idea how to deal with our ongoing progress. It motivates us to meet their need efficiently.”

The company needs to continually diversify to meet the ongoing demands of the business sectors today. Thus, proponents created an online software program for the company to maximize their work force, easily tack all sales activities and to meet the demands of this ever changing economy

Kneener Lim and Antonette Goyenechea stated that,

“Records security is also one of the primary objectives and all the information received from its clients are confidential.”

The proponents created and designed a software program for the company to make the system perfect where all the sales and client records should be kept, thus giving the assurance that these files are secured and accessible for the advancement of the company.

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Attendance Monitoring System with SMS Notification

Introduction

The target of this system was to monitor the daily student attendance and to inform parents about the attendance of their children. All of the daily students’ attendance saved in a specific database. When the students log-on by tapping their NFC card on the system, it automatically generate a message that sent to the parents hand phone via SMS.

The system covered two main functionalities: First is to get the attendance information of the students and second is to send SMS to the parents if their son/daughter is absent to alert them. This system also make the school management system to be more systematic, efficient and smoothly processed.

The system is used o used to log information of the students then to send a notification to the parents if their son/daughter is absent to alert them, also to inform the parents about important meetings. Only authorized personnel can view and manage the system.

However this study was limited on the following: the accounts payable of the students was not included in the system, names of faculty members were not available in the system and parents reply was not needed. Other information was not available in the system like students grades.

Attendance Monitoring System with SMS Notification

Development Tools

The system used the WAMP because WAMP sever is a package that installs Apache, MySQL, PHP and a wall stew of other software useful for dynamic web development on a computer. The system is compatible to different kinds of computer or laptop with 32-bit operating system. The system can be accessed in different types of browser like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Windows Internet explorer. The system requires Software Development Kit (SDK) and device driver so that the NFC device can communicate to the system interface. It also requires RFID card and GSM modem for the system to function.

System Features

Student Profile Module – this is the module used to store and record student information and as well as to encode or write the profile to the NFC Card.

SMS Log Module – this module is responsible for archiving the SMS messages.

Reports Module – reports generated by the system includes the attendance report of each student/employee, sms log reports and number of students attendance per activity.

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Business Permit Monitoring System Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/STUDY

RELATED LITERATURE

This section presents related literatures relevant to the study. This relevance is shown by the proponents in order to give reason and understanding of the proposition. To have a permit is important especially for businesses. . However, there are still businesses that operate without proper permission from the authority. Monitor expiring business permits and give accurate warning and notification. Every business today has a permit for their security and their business must have registered.

Related Studies

The review of the literature for this study focuses business permit to regulate safety, structure and appearance of the business community. They act as proof that your business follows certain laws and ordinances. Requirements vary by jurisdiction, and failure to comply often results in fines or even having your business shut down. Business permit (also known as mayor’s permit) which must be secured by businessmen to operate legally in a locality. It is important to have a permit for their business to be secured. If the permit has going to expire you must to be renewed. Properly register all types’ f business in the city. Municipalities will require businesses to obtain a simple license to operate, which can be obtained for fee.

The success of any reform initiative requires the support of the local governments’ top leadership. A simplified business permit and licensing process will be realized only if the top leadership is convinced that making the process simpler and easier can enhancethe image of the administration, increase its revenues in the short term, and encourage more businesses to set up. It is therefore necessary to obtain their commitment to this reform initiative.

Business Permit Monitoring System Review of Related Literature

LGUs to Streamline Business Permit, Licensing System

     According to Richmond Mercurio (2016) A business registration process of no more than two days in local government units (LGUs) has been agreed upon by three departments, but hurdles remain in luring investors to the country, such as in securing fire safety inspection certificate and barangay clearance. The DICT in the next few months will develop and make available computer application software to automate local government processes. The system will automate the process of recording, assessment and issuance of business permits. In line with this circular, the DICT will make the system available to LGUs in coordination with DILG, DTI and the NCC. (www.philstar.com).

Business Permit and Monitoring System

According to this site (www.inettutor.com) (2016) in local government units, Mayor’s Office is the regulating and monitoring division that assesses from small scale, medium and large scale businesses within the area of responsibility. Pertinent laws are implemented to regulate businesses and monitoring is regularly done by the office. However, there are still businesses that operate without proper permission from the authority. This problem is difficult to trace in the mayor’s office lists of businesses that are permitted and not permitted to operate due to the fact that their files are stored in a manual storage facilities. It also observed that, the office has a manual list of corresponding amount of fees per business.

The use of Business Permit and Monitoring System with DSS alleviate these problems. With the system, it will twist and do a little change in processes of securing permits and monitoring businesses. Some features of the system such as registration of the businesses name, types of business and location; it also computes licenses fees. Storage facility will now become reliable and access of data and information will be easier. Moreover, the system can easily track or browse list of registered businesses that license is expired and about to be renewed. The system gives warning and notification for expired business licenses and automatically computes for fines. It has also a capability to compare data graphically, such as categories of business; small scale, medium scale and large scale and make comparisons so that decision makers will have an idea to better facilitate permitting and monitoring procedure. Once, installed and operational, it would be beneficial to the revenues of the city as well as to the business owners of the city (www.inettutor.com).

GIS Application for Local Government Revenue Mobilization

     According to Collins Fosu and George Ashiagbor (2016) “as part of decentralization reforms, many countries have devolved revenue and expenditures responsibilities to Local Government Authorities (LGAs). LGAs therefore, face the challenge of mobilizing appropriate level of revenue to enable effective service and infrastructure provision. To ensure effective execution of these statutory functions, the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) all over the world need to improve their Internal Revenue Mobilization”. The GIS technology can enhance revenue mobilization and describes comprehensively the functionalities of GIS Application, Local Government Revenue Mobilization System (LGRMS), developed for local authorities in Ghana for internal revenue mobilization. It gives detailed information of the developed functionalities of the application and the dependencies on GIS for effective local government revenue planning and mobilization. The paper clearly shows that an integrated GIS-Database technology tool is capable of providing a more efficient collection, tracking and management of Local Government revenue and other municipal fees. The development of the revenue system is implemented by the use of the system development life cycle. The system provides realistic information on the revenue potential of an assembly and automates the revenue mobilization processes. It has the ability to integrate and analyze a wide variety of information based on their spatial locations. It also supports a full range of business process on revenue mobilization ranging from, billing, license applications and renewals, permits issuance etc. and the tracking of the same. The menu driven GUI developed is user friendly and incorporates various spatial utility maps including education and health facilities and road network which will increase its acceptability and utilization among planners and decision-makers and is expected to increase the efficacy of revenue planning and budgeting. (www.researchgate.net).

The following items are some suggestions to complete this task:

The study must include both renewal and new application of business permit. Hire full-time researchers or you may also appoint staff to conduct the study. (However, impartiality of staff may be compromised.) Assign researchers to track applicants who completed the cycle of the BPL process. Identify your sample applicants. Request profile of businesses in your locality. Consider adequate representation of business type and business size, as well as application type (new or renewal). Identify appropriate sample size. Select sample applicants randomly. Consider schedule of renewal of business permit (January) to maximize observation and documentation of renewal process.

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Flood Monitoring with SMS Notification Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature of previously completed studies whose salient findings support and substantiate the presented arguments in favor of developing the system. It discusses different systems and their functions. The researchers highlighted various theories which were essential in the development of the SMS-Based Flood Monitoring System with Mobile Application.

SMS Based Flood Monitoring and Early Warning System

Azid, Chand, Jacquier, Prasad, Raghuwaiya and Sharma (2015) demonstrates the design process, implementation and experimental verification of an SMS based Flood Monitoring and Early Warning system with tools such as credit top-up and storing contact numbers that will be done via SMS. The system provides timely information and alerts at-risk or threatened populace and relevant authorities using SMS when the level of water surpasses the user-defined threshold value. The simple yet effective warning system is deemed to be one of the fastest and cost effective method of alerting the relevant authorities and the vulnerable residence.

(www.arpnjournals.com)

Flood Monitoring with SMS Notification Review of Related Literature

Design of an Automated River Water Level Monitoring System by using Global System for Mobile Communications

Agrey Kato, Ramadhan Sinde and Shubi Kaijage (2015) proposes a wireless solution, based on Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network for monitoring and controlling of the river water level parameter. One of the advantages of the system is that it can be used for the decrement of water level in the rivers and water level rising in a case of flooding. The system at a particular interval continuously sends river water level measurements to the concerned authority with water environment flow management, but once the river water reaches the critical level either by decreasing or flooding, an alarm will be sent via GSM network to the personal in charge. The system allows on-line configurations of the system equipment on the field, and it uses open access platform Arduino as the main controller, ultrasonic sensing hardware and web infrastructure that allows remote access to information in any place of the country.

(www.academia.edu)

FloodSense | A Flood Water-level Monitoring System using GSM

BigHero4, a team composed of C. Escares, L. Froyalde, S. Gevaña and B. Pedrosa (2015) from First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities in Tanauan City, in Batangas, in partnership with Brainsparks and JumpSparc come up with a project that will help to reduce the risks that are brought upon by flooding. Their idea is to create a flood-water level monitoring system which has an SMS capability to which will provide critical information to the people near those flood-prone areas. FloodSense is implemented with a GSM module which enables FloodSense to send information to subscribers regarding the flood water level in their subscribed area. Also, anyone can acquire real-time flood level measurement as long as they know the SMS code for the FloodSense module they want to access information. FloodSense, if installed in sidewalk and road has the capability to advise people most especially road users and passengers if a particular area/road is flooded is passable or not. This means that commuters will reduce the risk of being stranded. Road traffic will also be reduced during a flood. Business delivery delays will also be avoided. (https://floodsense.wordpress.com)

Water level indicator with SMS alert for emergency flood

Based in Summit Grover (2016), in India seasonal rivers don’t have water all over the year and what happen people use to go inside river when the level is not very high, or maybe the dams store the water so the level is not very high usually. So Grover designed an onboard power supply using 12 – 0- 12 transformer, diode in 4007, capacitor 1000uf and regulator 7805. Grover made three levels in the bottle to demonstrate it, and whenever the water reach that level, the indication is made on the LED and also via SMS to the particular phone number.

(www.hackster.io)

Synthesis

The above-mentioned related literature, studies, and prior arts are using Water Level Sensor for Flood, GSM module SMS notification for mobile application and using warning transmitter.  At the same time, the developed system uses a hardware Water Level Sensor technology and  GSM module. The related system focused only on the flood.

Credit to the authors of the project.

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Patient Information System Review of Related Literature

The following review of related literatures and studies will serve as the basis for the development of the Patient Information System for our client and will also serve as a guide for crafting the documents of this research study.

Review of Related Literature

Patient record systems as elaborated by Annals.org (1993), although an   area of active research, are not in widespread use. In June 1992, 3% of Dutch general practitioners had introduced computer-based patient records. Of these, 70% had replaced the paper patient record with a computer-based record to retrieve and record clinical data during consultations. Possible reasons for the use of computerized patient record system include the nature of Dutch general practice and the early and active role of professional organizations in recognizing the potential of computerized patient record system. Professional organizations issued guidelines for information systems in general practice, evaluated available systems, and provided postgraduate training that prepares physicians to use the system. In addition, professional organizations successfully urged the government to reimburse general practitioners part of the expenses related to the introduction of computerized patient record system.

Patient Information System Review of Related Literature

Patient record system as elaborated by Alan Bingham (2008) in his book entitled “Healthcare Financial Management” is still a relatively new concept; however, such systems offer a variety of benefits to physician practices. It can help improve the quality care provided, for example, by providing real- time patient status reports, test results as soon as they are available, and graph and flow sheets of test trends. They can help reduce by eliminating many manual functions and the supply and staff expenses associated with these functions.

William and Boren (2008) acknowledged that most European countries and the United States are increasingly adopting electronic medical record (EMR) technology to enhance health care outcome and quality. William and Boren posited that Nigeria lacks robust health care infrastructures and policies for implementation of information and communications technology (ICT). Complicated by challenges of epidemics and civil wars, African countries lack ICT in their health care systems. The authors asserted that historically, lack of human expertise and inadequate financial resources is a bane to robust to adoption of ICT in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Benefits of Hospital Information Systems Hospital Information Systems improve workflow and increase patients’ access to health care (Ouma & Herselman, 2008; Shekelle et al., 2006; Wallis 2007). Sisniega (2009) asserted that the applications of information and communication technologies facilitate ubiquitous and instantaneous communication between organizations and their stakeholders. ICT enable people and organizations to achieve seamless workflow and effective processes through improved interactions. Electronic health technologies enable effective networking by physicians, allow online review of patients’ treatment, and provide for accurate prescription of drugs. Radiology information systems enable the transmission of radiological images for evaluation in remote sites (Weimar, 2009).  Electronic data interchange is part of the applications of a robust and integrated electronic health record system. The type of integrated system envisioned by President Bush’s administration is aimed at warehousing the health care information of all Americans in a national database by 2014 (Thielst, 2007). Electronic data interchange primarily is aimed at achieving seamless continuity of care, irrespective of patient migration from one clinician to another or from one city to another.  A study on electronic medical records by Keenan et al. (2006) found improvement in daily work and enhanced patient care: (a) medication turn-around times fell from 5:28 hours to 1:51 hours; (b) radiology procedure completion times fell from 7:37 hours to 4:21 hours; and (c) lab results reporting times fell from 31:3 minutes to 23:4 minutes. In the same study, transcribing errors for orders declined, and length of hospital stay decreased. Other benefits of electronic medical records systems are possibility for online monitoring of vital signs, capability for multi-site review of patients’ records, and improved physicians’ collaboration in patient care. EMR facilitates easy access to medication administration records, sharing of consultation reports, and decreased transmit time of test results by reducing the time taken to deliver paper versions (Keenan et al., 2006).

Cohan (2005) expressed a contrary view that investment in information technology does not necessarily transcend to improvement in productivity. Cohan stressed that shortfall in productivity expectations have made industrial leaders more cautious in adopting information technology in their organizational processes. Presenting a balanced view, Farquharson (2009) asserted that adoption of information technology increases productivity but falls short of expectation in improvement of productivity considering the high capital investment required for implementation. Farquharson surmised that industry productivity paradox exists to some extent with implementation of ICT. Furukawa, Raghu, Spaulding, and Vinze (2006) argue that hospital information systems enhance quality of health care delivery and safety.

The LIS industry has accepted the challenge and developed innovative software solutions that include patient result verification, the recognition of critical values in addition to the immediate transfer of critical values to physicians for evaluation, and enhanced turnaround time (Harrison & McDowell, 2008). Interfacing software is available to merge the laboratory information operating systems with electronic health record (EHR) systems, enhancing the continuum of communication among providers. Stone, et al. (2005) and Harrison and McDowell anticipated the future of LIS and EHR will provide for increased patient safety, enhanced quality of care, and a leaner operating system resulting in efficient and productive processes.

According to Nanda (2006), the present situation of healthcare in developing countries like India are quite discouraging, as the physicians use a paper based system whereby they record patient information, diagnosis and treatments on a “Case Sheet”.  Abdul (2008) mentions that each time a patient visits a hospital, a new case sheet is created, and this creates an excess of paperwork, repetition of examination done previously leading to over-consumption of work force and other resources.  In India, the case sheet is an official and legal document written by healthcare staff about all the medical information of a patient.  It includes past medical history, present complaints, results of examinations done, diagnosis and treatment and the condition of these medical records in public hospitals in quite disappointing.  This situation is due to reluctant hospital administration or inefficient medical record staff and it is increasing constantly by the year.

Abdul (2008) indicates that one of the important issues in paper-based records are, all the clinical information is written in free style, and chances are high to miss or forget some important information, as this will lead to serious effect on patient’s treatment and care. The case sheet is a hard copy that can be accessed by one person at a time and needs physical transfer for other physicians to access.  Retrieving a record will be a hard task given number of medical records present and missing a record won’t be a surprise in a huge pile of paper based medical records.  Moreover, with time, information in paper records gets diminished of ageing paper and ink, even fire accidents or natural disasters can ruin the archive of paper records.  Karim (2008) explains that all the above discussed issues can be over-come by implementing EMR/EPR systems, it can not only solve the problems but also improves the efficiency of healthcare by increasing accessibility, and needs less resources to maintain records.  EPR system can be used as a resource of researchers, it will be a tool for disease surveillance, which can be used for public health initiatives and for practicing Evidence based medicine.

Bossen (2006) states that standardization term comprises EHR structure, content and the way of exchanging will assist and improve the connection between healthcare providers in dispersed sectors and share data between distributed EHRs that supports everyday medical work.  The National Board of Health in Denmark developed a standard for EHRs called as BEHR, which was based on evaluated results of testing a prototype EHR.

Patient record systems as elaborated by Annals.org (1993), although an area of active research, are not in widespread use. In June 1992, 3% of Dutch general practitioners had introduced computer-based patient records. Of these, 70% had replaced the paper patient record with a computer-based record to retrieve and record clinical data during consultations. Possible reasons for the use of computerized patient record system include the nature of Dutch general practice and the early and active role of professional organizations in recognizing the potential of computerized patient record system. Professional organizations issued guidelines for information systems in general practice, evaluated available systems, and provided postgraduate training that prepares physicians to use the system. In addition, professional organizations successfully urged the government to reimburse general practitioners part of the expenses related to the

Patient record system as elaborated by Alan Bingham (2008) in his book entitled “Healthcare Financial Management” is still a relatively new concept; however, such systems offer a variety of benefits to physician practices. It can help improve the quality care provided, for example, by providing real- time patient status reports, test results as soon as they are available, and graph and flow sheets of test trends. They can help reduce by eliminating many manual functions and the supply and staff expenses associated with these functions. American Medical Informatics Association (1997) explained that patient record system is defined as a system that contains primary patient records by health care professionals while providing patient care services to review patient data or document with their own observations.

In 1991, the IOM published a report recommending the implementation of the CPR by 2001 to improve the care of patients and to reduce waste. The Computer-based Patient Record Institute (CPRI) stated, if providers continue with their current paper systems, they will lack the tools needed to manage the quality and costs of healthcare, the scientific basis for healthcare will continue to be undermined, and healthcare reform will be impeded. Therefore, administrators and other people involved in allocating resources and selecting CPR systems need to be educated about the benefits and complexities of CPR systems.

Ten years after the initial report, CPRs are still under review for cost justification. A  by Lenhart, Honness, Covington, and Johnson found that only 55 of 329 family practice residency programs (17 percent) were currently using a CPR. Similarly, only 13 percent of HIMSS 2002 Leadership Survey respondents reported having a fully operational CPR system. Tang and Hammond stated that implementing an expansive, robust system is daunting, but the option of operating an integrated delivery system on paper is increasingly becoming a nonviable alternative.

Kaiser Permanente of Ohio saw these best practice guidelines compliance improvements after implementing a medical automated record system and adding

reminders at the point of care:

• Aspirin use in patients with coronary artery disease increased from 56 percent to 82 percent in 27 months, while lipid-lowering agents increased from 10 percent to 20 percent in 7 months .
• ACE inhibitor use in patients with congestive heart failure increased from 54 percent to 66 percent.
• Stratification (staging) for patients with diabetes mellitus and asthma increased to 76 percent in 26 months and 65 percent in 29 months respectively. In addition, referrals to podiatry for medium and high-risk diabetics

increased from 14 percent to 66 percent in 12 months.

• Percentage of hypertensive patients taking non-recommended medicationsdecreased from 16 percent to 12 percent in 12 months.
• Percentage of patients older than 64 years of age who were offered an influenza vaccination during a primary care visit increased from 56 percent to 69 percent in 36 months.

Mildon and Cohen and Tierney et alcited similar studies related to improved compliance with clinical guidelines. Third, CPR tools ensured each note was complete, helped standardize chart quality, and minimized errors. Charts were legible and organized, visits were documented consistent to the level of service provided, and signing was more convenient when providers were able to view and sign from any workstation. Fourth, patient education was simplified because providers didn’t need to worry about a copied supply of handouts. CPR products were used as tools for the providers to illustrate or explain procedures or conditions to patients, and handouts were printed directly from the system.

Mildon and Cohen reported that one practice reduced its staffing to 2.2 FTEs per physician after implementing a CPR system. This is 2.11 FTEs below the Medical Group Management Association’s calculated staffing ratio. Stammer cited that a chart pull costs $20 at Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Clinic, and Health Systems in Temple, Texas. Their electronic chart solution reduced electronic chart pulls to less than $1 apiece. In addition to savings in chart pulls, consider the costs associated with supporting paper-charting systems. When practices abandon paper, they abandon expenses that support paper such as filing systems and costs for paper supplies. Costs for a paper chart system are estimated at about three dollars per chart. In addition, practices can eventually reclaim the space used to store and file charts. CPRs also eliminated the labor and copying expenses associated with chart requests from outside of the healthcare delivery system.

REVIEW RELATED STUDY

According to Neame [1995:4-6] the benefits of an electronic medical record are numerous. Information is available from every computer that is connected to the database and entries made by multiple providers in different locations can be linked to create a single record for an individual. Data can be checked as it is entered to ensure adequacy and accuracy. The same data can be viewed in different ways and links to knowledge- based tools are also possible.

In terms of the health needs of the people, the province has one provincial hospital and a number of private hospitals and clinics. Most people, however, rely on the rural health units or barangay health centers for their health care needs. Municipal health centers usually have a medical doctor, a nurse, a health inspector, a medical technologist, a midwife, and volunteer health workers. In small barangays, a midwife is in charge of the barangay health station with the help of barangay health workers. In a devolved system, municipal health units are under the local government, while the barangay council oversees the barangay health stations. In some areas, barangay health workers receive salaries provided by the barangay council. The government clinics provide services free of charge although some clinics ask clients for a donation for the upkeep of the clinic. Traditional midwives called hilots living in the area also perform family planning activities such as delivering babies and treating women for infertility.

Majority of pregnant women in the provinces of Western Samar, Surigao del Sur and Sorsogon still prefer to give birth at home instead of delivering their babies in a lying-in clinic or private hospital in their area, according to a recent study sponsored by the Department of Health. The baseline survey, which was conducted from June 2007to March 2008, showed that up to 75 percent or three out of four babies in parts of the three   provinces are delivered  at  home. Less than three percent of deliveries in the three provinces were in private hospitals or private clinics. Twenty-two percent of deliveries in Western Samar, 19  percent of 16 deliveries in Surigao del Sur and 38 percent of deliveries in Sorsogon were done in government hospitals.

The survey interviewed 1,200 women and 350 health care providers including doctors, midwives and traditional birth attendants in the three provinces. It was conducted by the UP Center for Economic Policy Research for the DOH Women’s Health and Safe Motherhood Project. The survey showed that traditional birth attendants or hilots attended to about a third of deliveries in Western Samar, 20percent of deliveries in Sorsogon and 43 percent of deliveries in Surigao del Sur. In Sorsogon, 20 percent of pregnant women were attended to by physicians compared to18 percent in Surigao del Sur and 15 percent in Western Samar. On the other hand, nurses attended to 18percent of pregnancies in Surigao del Sur, 11 percent in Sorsogon and nine  percent in Western Samar.( Recidoro 2008)Corruption in the Philippines is undermining its delivery of health services,reducing its child immunization rate by 10 to 20 percent, and increasing the waiting time in public health clinics by 30 percent, a study says. The group ranked the Philippines as the ninth most corrupt country in the world last year — worse than in 2004 when it ranked 11th. Corruption in the Philippines’ health sector reduces the chances of children completing their vaccination by four times, the report says. “Corruption affects all health systems, but its effects are disproportionate upon the poor who cannot afford private-sector alternatives and for whom the fees charged represent a large proportion of their family budget.” According to the study, the Philippines is an ideal place to study the impact of corruption on service delivery, especially because it has devolved both political authority and administrative control of many health and education services to local government units. (Mencias 2006).

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Human Resource Information System Review of Related literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough research done by the researchers. This will also present the prior arts and synthesis of the art.

In order to develop a thorough understanding and deeper insight into previous works and trends that is relevant to the subject, as well as to reach specific goals of the study, the researchers considered a number of references, both foreign and local. These references presented in this chapter were gathered through journals, magazines, books, and other reading materials. It is also includes related foreign and local literature and studies acquired through the internet, past thesis and case studies of the same field and discipline. This provides a background for the discussion to analyze the findings of the present investigations.

Local Related literature

HRIS in Provincial Government of Bulacan

The Provincial Government of Bulacan’s Human Resources Office (PHRMO) is responsible for, among other services, the maintenance of records associated with payroll preparation and processing. They are also responsible for maintenance of 201 file for each individuals. Among the significant services brought about by the PHRMO through the use of HRIS, on top of the list is the fast and accurate processing of pertinent employee’s record like services records and payroll. Through the automatic computation facility and integrated time keeping system, processing time to determine leave credits, which is necessary for computation of pay of employee’s who have absences, and processing time to prepare remittances for GSIS, PAG-IBIG, and MEDICARE are very well addressed. This system did not only empower the employee’s and increased their productivity, but also became a tool to eliminate red tape. Through HRIS, response time to employee request is admirable.

Human Resource Information System Review of Related literature

Introducing DILG-NCR’s Human Resource Information System

In its continuing effort of advocating paperless mode of transaction, the Department of the Interior and Local Government – National Capital Region (DILG-NCR) started yet another innovation; this time with the Personnel Section through the Human Resources Information System (HRIS).The Human Resources Information System (HRIS) is a web-based system that aims to organize all the data of every personnel. The goal of the HRIS is to lessen the loads and paper generated from every transactions, hasten the process of operation and at the same time ensure all the files from the Personnel Section are efficiently organized and readily available in just a snap. Through the collaboration with the Regional Office’s IT Consultant, Engr. Martin Angelo Dideles of Infoactiv IT and Engineering Solutions, the system was developed. The Data Capture Form in this system was based on the Civil Service Commission (CSC) Form; the Personal Data Sheets (PDS) which all Personnel will update their information every year is available in the HRIS.

The twelve (12) participants who attended the HRIS training last September 12, 2013 at LGRRC Conference Room were able to understand how the system works and the advantage of the web-based HRIS. Some of the notable benefits of the HRIS are: 1) The employees could update the Trainings attended anytime they want; 2) Once the they logged in to the system, they will easily find all their available leave credits, their service records, the e-copy of their appointment and their other necessary papers; 3) The Personnel Section could easily search the Type of Blood, competencies and expertise of every employee.

Human Resources Information System in Bohol

An electronic system set up in 2006 and enhanced through the years for managing personnel records based on Civil Service Form 212 (Personal Data Sheets) and producing reports/documents for the following purpose, managing, analyzing and reporting of all employee information; payroll integration; computerized daily time record linked to biometric device (daily time record); and online access to leave credits and balances, including leave of absences application.

Foreign Related Literature

HRIS in State of India

According to Sarah Dwyer an effective HRIS provides accurate and timely data about health workforce. While some states continue to maintain HRH data on paper, other states have initiated efforts to computerize the data either trough simple Excel-based spreadsheets or more sophisticated web-based HRIS. This aim of these initiatives is to use the HRIS data to improve recruitment, deployment, and training of health workers to expand access, quality, and use of health services. Where an integrated web-based HRIS is in place,  such a system can help  track individuals as they move through the health workforce system, improved the accuracy and availability  of HRH data,  allows sharing of information across sectors to gain a national workforce perspectives, simplify data analysis and  generation of reports, project workforce needs in the future, monitor training requirements and licensing status, and decrease the labor and effort required to maintain the enormous amount of information generated.

Benefits and Barriers of Human Resource Information System in Accounts Office

Azad Jammu & Kashmir is considered as one of the province of Pakistan. Recently IT was introduced in Education sector. But mostly the organizations have traditional HR system. All the public sector organizations have traditional system. The study is based on the previous studies. But unfortunately no study has done earlier in AJ&K. HRIS is planned predetermined course of action that reflects organization objectives. With the changing dynamics of business, human resources now play the role of strategic partner. HRIS is about improving processes and changing behavior is not just implementing technology, it is about consolidating, streamlining, re-engineering and automating manual HR processes, gathering, managing and delivering business related information to those who need it, employee and manager access to HR information and services organizational development is being directly linked to HR development (Ali Asim). HRIS is an efficient and responsive system for managing the human resources. HRIS are of three types such as Electronic data processing (data processing, data, storage, processing payroll and basic personnel information, MIS management information system and third is decision support system. Some organizations use all three while some use partially. In this study AJKCDP and Accounts office are using HRIS partially. As Azad Jammu & Kashmir community development program (AJKCDP) is using MIS while Accounts office is using most common payroll and personnel information electronic data processing.

Integrating a Human Resource Information System

James E. Bartlett, II, Ph.D., and Michelle E. Bartlett, M.S. Edited by Myrna Gusdorf, MBA, SPHR

The HR department in London owns and supports the European HRIS for the portion of the company that will be integrated into the U.S. HRIS. Their current system lacks proper controls and received an unsatisfactory internal audit. It was determined that the system would require extensive changes and that it would be more cost effective to replace the system than to make the changes. The London-based HR office selected an HRIS implementation partner, Limited Experience, Inc., to facilitate the integration. The firm has no knowledge of the U.S.-based system and has relatively little experience with integrating part of an HRIS into an already existing system. The London-based HR office has provided the project manager for the integration, Frankie. Frankie has knowledge of the European HRIS but no experience with IT projects and the current U.S.-based HRIS. Limited Experience, Inc. has provided a co-project manager, Pat. Pat has never led a project of this size nor does Pat have knowledge of the U.S. system or how current HR projects would affect their project. In the end, Frankie and Pat ended up being co-project managers, though Frankie was more of the lead.

Health Management Information System utilization in Pakistan: challenges, pitfalls and the way forward

According to Muhammad Suleman using of data generated through the Health Management Information System (HMIS) in decision making has been facing various challenges ever since its inception in Pakistan. This descriptive qualitative study attempts to explore the perceptions of health managers to identify the status and issues in use of HMIS. Overall 26 managers (all men, ages ranging from 26 to 49 years; selected from federal level (2), provincial (4) and seven selected districts (20) from all four provinces) were interviewed face to face. The respondents identified a number of hurdles resulting in non-use, misuse and disuse of data. These included limited scope of HMIS, dubious data quality, political motives behind demand of data and an element of corruption in data reporting etc. A great deal of political and administrative will is required to institutionalize transparency in decision making in health management and HMIS is an important tool for doing so. Appropriate legislation and regulations are needed to create a conducive policy environment that would help in changing the existing decision making culture. The effective use of information requires that besides capacity development of district health managers in understanding and use of data, the higher level decision makers are provided with relevant data timely and in an easily understandable form along with the recommended actions pertinent to this data.

Synthesis

There are many existing studies and project that are similar and related to the proposed system, and that the researcher’s uses the method same as the mentioned studies above yet the proposed system differs in the system that applicable to the users using computer with a Operating System of Windows 7. The system has a decision support system that can generate for promotion of an employee’s and also checking the daily time record of all employee’s under your organization.

Loan Transaction Monitoring with SMS Related Literature

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEM

For further understanding of the study, the researchers made use of different reading materials related to the system study. These materials such as books, thesis and other web articles are essential in broadening the knowledge of the researchers. These will also guide the researchers to achieve their target objectives by getting ideas on other related studies and make improvements as possible.

The information gathered by the researchers focuses on the development of business and its advantages to the consumers and target business. Security measurement information in terms of orders and reservations, and privacy of records and transactions to be considered in developing a system are also obtained.

The researchers also sum up the different techniques on how to gain more customers and eventually convince them to purchase the products based on some surveys gathered by the past studies. Merchants knew they needed a better system, and researchers created the proposed system.

(Lacson, Pasadilla, 2006) In the Philippines, e-commerce is mostly being implemented by major retailers and multinational corporations for bank-to-bank exchange.

Loan Transaction Monitoring with SMS Related Literature

A number of Business-to-consumer transactions have emerged through the years such as auctions, online shopping, and online banking. This just shows that Filipino businesses welcome this new opportunity in selling goods since 16% of the population is using Internet. This new marketing strategy will not only benefit those big companies but also the small businesses who cannot afford to advertise their products. Just by creating a website in a very affordable cost would make the business grow in terms of sales and enhance the company image as well. Businesses who engaged into Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) have been observed to gain a competitive edge in the field of Marketing in terms of accessibility, convenience and availability. Since the internet is accessible by people globally, the customers are no longer limited within the vicinity of the store. Anyone can visit the store anywhere, anytime without hassle. Just by navigating the store, the customer can choose the products and purchase it without going to the store directly .E-commerce proves to enhance the way usual business transactions occur and helps lessen the time and effort consumed by the company and customers as well (Deanna and Fritz, 2006). With these, a good relationship with their consumers will be established and their objective of increasing their sales will be achieved (Kim and Katherine, 2004)

Computerized Loan Origination Systems

Computerized Loan Origination Systems case studies that could be characterized as electronic markets, neither continues to exist in that form today. And the system with the largest dollar volume of mortgages of the five is best characterized as an electronic hierarchy. These CLO – computerized loan origination systems and results suggest that either the full results predicted by the EMH require a longer gestation period or that the underlying hypothesis will require augmentation in order to fully explain the results in the home mortgage market.

Loan Management System for Servicing Loans

LOANLEDGER is the result of years of intensive research and development. It thinks like you do and works the way you do – in Windows. Whatever the size of your business – small, midsize or multinational conglomerate – and whatever the size of your loan portfolio, three loans to hundreds of thousands – LOANLEDGER can do the job.

LOANLEDGER is an online, real-time system that provides you with every loan management function crucial to your business. It has comprehensive reporting capabilities, audit trails and logs, agings, detailed life-of-loan histories, transaction reports, required government reports and numerous management analyses.

LOANLEDGER is modular, now you have choices: It has a comprehensive series of fully integrated support modules and plug-ins that function with the same precision and intuitiveness, integrating seamlessly and adding specialized power.

(http://www.loanservicingsoftware.com/loan-servicing-software.html)

Loan Origination Systems

Loan Origination Systems support the processing of consumer loan applications from the initial application through underwriting to final funding in the core accounting system. The selection process centered around those vendors with mature products, globally recognized innovation, and multiple large-scale installations with major financial services institutions. In particular, this report looks at multi-country, enterprise-level loan origination systems that support both retail consumer and mortgage credit products. Therefore solutions that target a single country market or exclusively focus on consumer loans or mortgage loans were not featured. This report also focused on vendors supporting conventional loans but also asked vendors to identify their ability to originate Islamic loans.

This technology analysis includes ACI Worldwide, CGI, CRIF, Experian Decision Analytics, FICO, Fiserv, HCL, Infosys, ITS, Nucleus Software, Oracle, Path Solutions, Polaris, SAP, TCS, Wipro Gallagher Solutions, and Zoot.

By combining our qualitative and quantitative data from interviews with industry experts, financial institutions and vendors, CEB TowerGroup identified 23 attributes that define a “best-in-class” loan origination system. These attributes are grouped into four categories that highlight a firm’s user and enterprise needs. Vendor rankings are based on our proprietary five point rating scores on each of the 23 “best-in-class” attributes.

(http://www.fico.com/en/wpcontent/secure_upload/Loan_Origination_CEB_TowerGroup.pdf)

The Loan Origination System (LOS) is developed specially to support the loan application processing needs of banks and financial institutions. It employs workflow technology to control and monitor the various work steps in the loan processing and uses digital imaging technology to reduce the delays and inefficiencies in handling paper documents. Highlights structured workflow for automatic routing of application Support different origination channels support different loan products and loan types loan type parameters and constraints definition interface to external systems provide internal credit checking, credit scoring and compliance check support multi-tier rate structure generate letters and forms automatically application details and status enquiry document imaging and archiving.

(http://www.excel.com.hk/new_excel/excel/PRODUCT/los/los.pdf)

Open Loan System(MICROLOANTRACK)  

The Open Loan System is a versatile program designed to automate every aspect of Loan Administration. Suitable for many types of Finance companies, the Open Loan System combines state of the art technology with a practical approach to the Loan Receivable function.

The software development team that designed and programmed the Open Loan System comprises veterans of personal computer applications with more than a half-century of experience in the lending field. The earliest versions of the software have been in use by the financial community nationally and internationally since 1984. The current offering reflects all the technological advances of recent years.

From the inception of a loan, to the daily calculation of interest, recording of payments and reversals, and the charging of late fees and prepayment penalties, all of the steps in maintaining a portfolio of loans are catered to. In addition, the Open Loan System tracks collateral and contacts including complex cross-collateral situations, and a centralized database featuring simple one screen maintenance of borrowers’ details.

The Open Loan System combines batch entry of payments geared for optimum speed and accuracy, with real time updates for immediate proofing of results. The system provides clear audit trails and comprehensive reports to satisfy accounting standards and Government requirements.

The system is secured by a password protection, date and time stamps and user id’s on every transaction and report. The database is also secured to prevent unauthorized access, while permitting qualified personnel to set up queries for user-defined reports and letters. Advanced database search facilities let you look up loan details based on name, or collateral.

Whether your company makes fixed rate amortized loans, adjustable rate loans, or more flexible line of credit or construction-type deals, Open Loan System can automate the entire process. You are able to track loans with a regular monthly payment, or a variety of “open” loan setups.

(http://www.openloansystems.com/features.html)

The Nortridge Loan System

Too often, loan servicers change their business methods because of the limitations of their loan management software. This leads to operational inefficiencies and costs. It doesn’t have to be that way.

The Nortridge Loan System conforms to your business and helps you operate in the most efficient manner possible. This means bigger profits for your current business — and the ability to expand into other profitable loan product lines.

Loan servicing is a challenging business, complicated further when you lack the proper tools to backdate payments and rate changes, track important data, avoid manual calculations, and consistently churn out performance reports uniquely suited to the reporting needs of your investors and board of directors. Nortridge Loan System (NLS) is a loan servicing solution backed by nearly three decades of experience helping lenders and loan servicing businesses more efficiently track loans and generate reports critical to their organizations and their respective stakeholders.

The Nortridge Loan System features hundreds of predefined, standard reports. Each report has up to 40 selectable parameters that provide extensive customization and sorting options. Reports with custom parameters can be saved, made public or private, or scheduled to run automatically at pre-determined intervals and printed or stored in the database for easy viewing. Perhaps the most powerful feature of Nortridge’s reporting solution is the concept of “as of” dates – reports can be run as of any point in history. Want to know what your outstanding delinquencies were on June 17th or January 21st? Just set an “as of” date parameter and run the report.

The Nortridge Loan System features customizable workflow management and rules processing to manage key business process steps throughout the life of a loan. Ensure verification of key data points such as employment, income level, bank information and references as new loans are boarded. Control customer contacts based on any variable. Manage repossession assignments, title processing, or post charge-off procedures. And all that power requires no programming – just build workflows and rule sets using our graphical tools. Nortridge features fully integrated origination capability allowing you to close more loans in less time and have one system to manage the complete loan lifecycle. Configurable workflow management and advanced rules processing capabilities make it easy to streamline and automate many of the business processes required to originate a new loan.

(http://www.nortridge.com/nortridge-loan-servicing-software.shtml) 

BJMP Visitors Log Monitoring Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of the related literature and studies and the technical background that has been used as bases and references in the present study and discussed the technicality of the project, details of the technologies used and the relevance of the project for Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.

Monitoring Systems

All monitoring systems work on the simple basis of: the aim of a monitoring system is maximise reliability and availability. A monitoring system will not stop a system malfunctioning, but will log system data from which system characteristics can be deduced. This provides our customers with advanced data on the status of their system and data to plan maintenance schedules around. The monitoring system collects data from all over the system and provides feedback at a specific location, this location can either be the control room on ship or the control room on land receiving feedback signals from a fleet of aircraft, which are currently flying, or the generator set situated in on an oilrig. The monitoring systems provides us with the freedom of knowing what our system is doing, how well it is doing it and will help predict how it will react next time we run it.

(http://www.rolls-royse.com/about/technology/system tech/monitoring system.jsp.)

Advantages & Disadvantages of Information Management Systems

Modern businesses have been leveraging management information systems (MIS) to manage, order, organize and manipulate the gigabytes and masses of information generated for various purposes. MIS helps businesses optimize business processes, address information needs of employees and various stakeholders and take informed strategic decisions. However, budget allocation and monitoring issues can affect the efficacy of MIS. It has its advantages and disadvantages depending on organizational deployment and usage.

(http://www.ehow.com/about_5494879_advantages-disadvantages-information-management-systems.html)

BJMP Visitors Log Monitoring Review of Related Literature

Advantages & Disadvantages of Information Systems

Business need information that’s timely, useful, cost-effective, accessible, organized and accurate. Therefore, information systems must be constantly maintained and upgraded to meet the company’s expectations and customers’ needs. To do this, managers must be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of these systems. These are: Advantages, A good information system allows the user to access, understand and respond to information quickly and effectively. Whenever necessary, users can get the most accurate information needed to do an activity. A good information system also offers users a variety of ways to change and present information as well as performs different tasks, For businesses, this capability – changing data into useful information – is invaluable for good business success and problem solving: Disadvantages, Information system may not always function properly. This happens for a number of reasons. System break down, interrupting smooth operations and causing customer dissatisfaction For instance, customers may be charged for the wrong services or for merchandeise that they did not order. Also, defective information systems can deliver the wrong information to other systems, are vulnerable to hackers and fraud.

(http://www.ehow.com/info_8280392_advantages-disadvantages-information-systems.html)

The literatures and concepts gathered and presented gave the project proponents insights, facts, and adequate information that will serve as the basis, guide, and reference that are relevant and necessary in the development of BJMP Visitors Log Monitoring System.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY

Visitor Management System

According to Efacility.in (2011) the security requirements of large organizations and infrastructure are challenging and growing increasingly. Visitors should be screened, registered, signed in quickly and allowed to visit only the relevant areas via integration with access control devices. Features of the visitor management system are the following: online requests for appointment, appointment approval and rejections, Pre-registration of groups and individuals for one or multiple days, Email notifications on requests, approvals and rejections, Visitor self sign-in using touch screen kiosks, Business card scanning for speedy registrations, Visitor history tracking, Blacklisting of Visitors, Visitor/ contractor – badge / pass printing, and Business card scanning for speedy registrations.

(http://www.efacility.in/Visitor_Management_Software/Lobby_Management_System.html#.UtSAFPRDtp4)

Automated Monitoring

Oracle® Enterprise Manager Grid Control comes with a comprehensive set of performance and health metrics that enables automated monitoring of key components in your environment, such as applications, application servers, databases, as well as the back-end components on which they rely (hosts, operating systems, storage, and so on).

(http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B16240_01/doc/em.102/b28678/monitoring.htm)

Electronic System

Throughout the years, the government has created numerous strategies in order to make prisons less populated. Electronic Monitoring, one of the newest inventions, is a prime example of how to keep the population to a minimal in penitentiaries. It has also helped monitor other community corrections programs for people on parole, which is actually the main point why electronic monitor was invented. In addition it is constantly used in day programs and probation circumstances’ that a court puts upon a criminal. Due to its great success rate, it has even been used in different parts of the world. Countries like Canada and the United Kingdom have adopted this new monitoring system due to tits effectiveness. Electronic Monitoring is used in any circumstances in which a criminal has been given the liberty to be on any kind of probation or during their parole. Although convict may not be in prison constant supervision is provided without the need for a prison cell. This surveillance is used during both the pre-trial monitoring and post-trial monitoring process. Pre-trial monitoring is enforced when the criminal has the opportunity to spend time at home because of financial problems or when the court decides that it would be best to refrain from this person being behind bars while awaiting a sentence. This system is more efficient not only for the government but for the prisons aw well.

(http://www.studymode.com/essays/Electronic-Monitoring-112057.html.)

Monitoring and Management

According to Tibco.com (2014) the Monitoring and management software is key to preventing disasters and keeping the network healthy. Intuitive, time-saving software can help you quickly identify problems and potential problems, and intelligently respond. TIBCO monitoring and management software gives you visibility into applications and processes across the enterprise, alerts that announce important operational events, and a clear understanding of problem severity.

(http://www.tibco.com/products/automation/monitoring-management/default.jsp)

The related system of Efacility.in, Tibco.com, and Oracle® Enterprise which presents the highlights of Monitoring Systems and the different components and features of a monitoring system had given the present study relevant information particularly in the importance and effectiveness of an electronic/automated monitoring system to an organization.

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Smartcard Based Attendance Monitoring with SMS Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes different literatures related to the propose system. It discusses different systems and their functions. It also contains different theories that were found important in the making of the proposed system.

Smart Card Based Attendance System

In general, a smart card is an integrated circuit card with a memory capable of making decisions. This project can be used for recording the attendance of an employee in an organization or a student in a class. A smart card, chip card or integrated circuit card (ICC), is defined as any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits which can process information. This implies that it can receive input which is processed by way of the ICC applications and delivered as an output. In this project, we are using a contact smart card where the information inside the card is communicated to the card reader by inserting a card into the card reader. The card reader in this project used is an SR-90 SDK of 1KB memory size. The smart card reader contains a PIC 16F73 microcontroller, a voltage regulator, serial cable connections, and an LED which glows whenever a card is inserted into the reader and also it glows whenever it issues any command or receives any command.

A Smart Card Reader is interfaced with the microcontroller through a serial interface. RTC is interfaced with the microcontroller for real timing performance. A 3V battery can be connected to RTC DS1307 to avoid time disturbances caused by power failures. The microcontroller reads the time from RTC for every second. When the reader sends the data from the card to the controller, the controller compares this data with the data already stored and if it matches, the controller displays the timings of the student arrival and his details.

In this project, each student will be provided with a pre-programmed card where the card will be having the details of that particular candidate. The data in this card is read and written through demo software. The card reader will be present at the lecturer. When a student wants to register his attendance, he has to place his card into the reader and the reader reads this information and passes the same data to the controlling unit. Thus the microcontroller compares the data taken from the reader with the already existing data in its memory and if it is matched with the data in the program memory, it displays as authorized and records the timings along with the candidate details. If the data in the card is matched with the data in the program memory, then it displays unauthorized and a beep sound is produced. LCD is used to display the timings and other related messages.

This project uses regulated 5v, 500mA power supply. 7805 and 7812 three terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12v step down transformer (nexttlabs.blogspot.com).

Smartcard Based Attendance Monitoring with SMS Review of Related Literature

On Attendance Monitoring System using Smart Card

According to Amit, Anand and Gandhi(2008) the traditional procedure for maintaining the attendance record was to pass the attendance sheet during the lecture. This attendance sheet could constitute the status for only 4 – 5 sessions. So in order to calculate the attendance for entire term all such attendance sheets had to be assimilated. This procedure would require a lot of manual work. Our project is designed in such a way that the micro controller would automatically update the status of the attendance when the reader detects the card. This project would be user friendly as the student is only required to zip his card in order to mark his attendance (www.scribd.com).

On Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometrics and SMS Technology for Private High School

The study was developed by Caballes and Laureano(2014) the attendance monitoring system using biometrics and SMS technology for private high school. Specifically, it aimed to: design an attendance monitoring system of private high school with the following features: a. biometrics utilization for attendance monitoring system; SMS technology for giving information to guardian about the time of arrival and departure from school of their child. Biometric device are installed at School Entry/Exit gates or main lobby or outside each class room. These devices are connected with the School server housed in the school/ hosting on web accessible via Internet (www.studymode.com).

On Parent Alert System (PAS) via SMS

According to Mohamed Ahmed Imhmed of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)(2009) the wireless technology is the most interesting technology in the ICT industry today. Alert system has widely used in many arias and types. The most one is using SMS to alert people or users and notify them about specific action. The study aims to design a web-based attendance system to help the teachers and parents to control the students if they absent from the school. The Parent Alert System (PAS) prototype is introduced to be used by the teachers in high schools. Charging scheme for SMS is out of the study scope (etd.uum.edu).

Parental Notification System SMS Alert for schools

Study of parents alert(2009) make communicating with parents quick, easy and hassle free while saving yourself hours of time and bags of cash! Parent alert offers extensive SMS, IVRS and Auto Dialer service to schools and colleges. Using our unique SMS software, it is possible for the schools and colleges to communicate parents of students. The school and college can communicate Exam / Test results, Home works, Attendance of the students, Holiday announcements, Meetings and important dates, Timetable, Parent alert was formed in January 2009 and specialize in helping improving communication with parents, whether you are a school, college or other voluntary organization. To this end we have a fantastic service that allows you to communicate with parents quickly and easily via text message (www.mystudentsprogress.com).

Student Attendance Monitoring and Identification System Using Barcode and Sms (Study on Sms Application)

According to Jinky Mallcudlo (2013) management team in school whether primary and secondary school use less computerized system in their management. Most of the schools in Isulan, Sultan Kudarat are using a manual process to monitor the student’s attendance. In a manual system, teachers will take and write down the student’s daily attendance in the record book, then at the end of the month the teacher is responsible to update the record by calculating the percentage of student’s attendance. Because of that, a computerized system that will be named Student Attendance Monitoring & Identification System using Barcode & SMS of INHS (Study on SMS Application) system has been proposed to be developed and implemented for management team in school. The target of this system is to monitor the daily student attendance and to inform parents about the attendance of their children. This system will be fully computerized and also apply a new communication technology called SMS. All of the daily students’ attendance will be saved in a specific database. When the student log-on by swiping their school ID on the system, it will automatically generate a message that will be sent to the hand phone via SMS (www.studymode.com).

On Student monitoring using fingerprint with sms alert to parents

Study of Lizah Gomez(2013), this system include the problem because after tapping a student QR code, that will send SMS log in or log out of each students to the mobile number of parents or guardian. To develop a computerized system that will identify the students if he/she is currently enrolled in school. The student’s lists from the registrar are transferred in the database. Through this, the system can easily identify currently enrolled of students. Sometimes, parents do not have privileged to send their children at school or to monitor their child. Parents usually give a hundred percent of trust to their child that entering the school. But this generation some students are skipping the time of class that may cause the absences in the subject. This system gives benefits to the parents. With doing this it helps to ease worries among the parents. Parents just make sure that their children are entering the campus (www.studymode.com).

The above mention related literatures are the systems that have a similarity to our propose system and it give us an idea in the making of our propose system. The difference is they are using a biometrics, punch card and a barcode while the system we are proposing will use a Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID).

The existing system focused on the student’s attendance monitoring while our system not only the student’s attendance we are focusing but also to the status of the students. We added a feature that will send notifications to parents or guardians if there are special events in school like meetings and releasing of cards.

Credit to the authors of the project

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File Management System in PHP and MySQL Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of the related literature and significant studies that will enable the researchers to acquire basic information and references on different perspectives of concepts and theories in the design and development of File Management System in PHP and MySQL. It also includes some operational technical terms related to the study.

Related Foreign Literature

 Stallings (2012) defines file management system as a set of system software that provides services to users and applications in the use of files. Typically, the only way that a user or application may access files is through the file management system. This relieves the user or programmer of the necessity of developing special-purpose software for each application and provides the system with a consistent, well-defined means of controlling its most important asset. File management system aims: to meet the data management needs and requirements of the user, which include storage of data and the ability to perform the aforementioned operations; to guarantee, to the extent possible, that the data in the file are valid; to optimize performance, both from the system point of view in terms of overall throughput and from the user’s point of view in terms of response time; to provide I/O support for a variety of storage device types; to minimize or eliminate the potential for lost or destroyed data; to provide a standardized set of I/O interface routines to user processes; and to provide I/O support for multiple users, in the case of multiple-user systems.

Nations (2013) In computing, a web-based application is any application that uses a web browser as a client. The term may also mean a computer software application that is coded in a browser-supported programming language (such as JavaScript, combined with a browser-rendered markup language like HTML) and reliant on a common web browser to render the application executable.

File Management System in PHP and MySQL Review of Related Literature

Web applications are popular due to the ubiquity of web browsers, and the convenience of using a web browser as a client, sometimes called a thin client. The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers is a key reason for their popularity, as is the inherent support for cross-platform compatibility.

Sheahan (2013) File management systems are organizational tools that assist with the filing, storage and retrieval of paper or electronic documents. File management systems help eliminate clutter and give employees’ files a special spot. The benefit is that employees can sort, access and retrieve documents easily so that they spend less time searching for files and more time being productive. File management systems may be electronic or three-dimensional. Electronic systems store electronic files in a virtual database. Three-dimensional systems, such as cabinets and file folders, can be arranged in your work area for your personal use.

In the article written by Oman (2013) file management system is any electronic system that organizes records in a logical and easily retrievable format. File management systems used to consist of drawers and cabinets full of paper, but today most systems are managed on computers using specialized software. The function of a file management system is to keep records organized in a manner that makes them easily retrievable. Ideally, these systems can be used by anyone in a company who needs to access files. The system should be easy to learn and navigate, so that it functions as an asset and does not frustrate users. Electronic file management systems can also represent an office’s quest to go paperless.

The abovementioned concepts are relevant to the present study because it points to the importance of integrating a file management system, an organizational tool that will assist with the filing, storage and retrieval of files or electronic documents in the institution. The proposed Web-based File Management System for Fellowship Baptist College designed and developed by the researchers will assist faculty by providing students an educational tool that is equipped with a secured database and efficient file system for easy access to files and allow sharing of information and resources.

Local Literature

According to Zulueta (2006) in the educational institutions, students should make use of Information Technology (IT) throughout the curriculum. Students may use software in acquiring subject-specific skills, knowledge and understanding. The software must be easy to operate, should help students with their learning, and should be easy to understand and use.

The foregoing concepts guide the researchers in the features to be included in the web-based proposed file management system. Furthermore, the concepts presented will also serve as the bases of the researchers in the design of the web-based system to address the needs of the faculty and students in school and in the workplace.

Foreign Study

In the study of Joshi (2011) he stated that web content management system is a very useful and convenient tool for a university department to manage its online information. Flexibility and convenience in managing information, user friendly interface and ease of use are the key features that make it a desirable online tool for a department. He also added that with a few minor changes in design, the website can be used by any department at any university. This system provides a simple user friendly interface where the faculty can enter/maintain their personal information, manage information on their classes, upload images, send emails to students registered in a class and interact with students on a discussion board for each class.

According to Jonas (2005) a common demand today is that software and systems must be secure but security mechanisms are often implemented with outburst considering what a secure system is. A formal specification of what is allowed and not allowed in a secure system is the security policy. Jonas presents an extendable framework to specify security policies for a document management system. As a reference implementation, a security policy for a product called Zert. Zert Infologic is a product to facilitate the management of product manuals in multiple languages. A document management system designed to follow the SS-EN82045-1 standard. Security is an important demand by customers and the company developing this product wanted to know what tools or procedures they had to implement to ensure a certain level of security.

Ad-Mays.com (2011) FILE Master Online File Management System is a full featured, web based file management system that makes online collaboration easy. It provides users a secure, reliable online access to upload and download their files has become an important service for many businesses. Features of the system are: easy-to-use interface; securely share files; works with all the major web browsers; download files; upload and store up to 10 files in one go; upload and store up to 10 files in one go and add an individual description against each file; multiple file flash upload; file upload and download email notification options; group together multiple files and folders and download them in .zip format; preview files live on the server; create, delete, copy, move, and rename single files or folders; built-in file and folder search function; and Log all user and admin activity, including all error reports.

These studies have given the researchers’ bases on the formulation of the objectives of the present study particularly in providing users a secure, reliable online access to upload and download their files which is the primary concern of the researchers in developing the system.  This study also points to one of the features of the present study which will be equipped with a login/logout feature to secure files from unauthorized users.

Local Study

The study conducted by Sarroza et. al. (2013) revealed that customized web-based tool for Cioco, Cioco and Cioco Law Office would improve the office operations, increase productivity, reduce errors, and improve access to information. The developed system shall speed up the processing of clients’ legal documents and cases, improves the law office business’s handling of electronic files, and help office staff become more efficient and productive. The system is an Internet-based application tailored according to the office needs of the company. Also, the system provides a website to support the office operations of the firm.

On the study conducted by Francisco, et. al. (2008) the development of a computer-based information system will improve the efficiency of information. It can also locate and update records in an accurate and fast method and minimize the task at the company giving information an products under employer as well as the customer and do provide accurate records to the company regarding on the information.

The studies presented by Sarroza and Francisco have great impact on the present study, particularly, in increasing productivity, reduce errors, and improve access to information as well as improve the efficiency of information. The web-based file management system intends to track and store electronic files and/or document files of faculty and students.

Synthesis

The literatures and studies gathered and presented in this chapter gave the researcher insights, facts, and adequate information that will serve as the basis, guide, and reference that are relevant and necessary in the design and development of File Management System in PHP and MySQL.

The related studies on the development, web content management system, web application, and design guidelines provide details and evidence that guide the researcher on how to design and develop an excellent organizational tool.

The review of literature used to support additional materials to assist the researchers in the development of the File Management System in PHP and MySQL.

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Arduino Based Door Lock System Review of Related Literature

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The following list of studies and literature will serve as a guide to the developers and researchers in the development of the research entitled Arduino Based Door Lock System.

Related Literature

According to Cha Zhang, Et.al. (June 2010). State that the Face detection is the most studied topics in the computer vision literature. They survey the recent advances in face detection the one is the Seminal Viola- jones face detection it contains three main ideas to build a successful face detector that can run in time: the integral image, classifier learning with AdaBoost, and the Attentional cascade structure. With the rapid increase of availability of modern sensing, analysis and rendering equipment and technologies, computers are becoming more and more intelligent. There have been hundreds of reported approaches to face detection. Early works (before year 2000) had been surveyed. A Survey of Recent Advances in Face Detection (2010).“Boosting- Based Face Detection and Adaption” by Cha Zhang, et.al.

According to Raghu Ram Gangi, Et.al. (March-April 2013) the main purpose of this paper is to design and implement a door lock high security system based on RFID, Face Recognition and GSM technology which can be organized in bank, secured offices and homes.  We have implement a door lock security system based on RFID, Face detection, and GSM technology containing door locking system which can activate, authenticate, and validate the user and unlock the door in real time for door lock secure access.  Face detection is one of many forms of biometrics, used to identify individuals and verify their identity. The main advantage of using RFID , Face detection  and GSM is more secure than other systems. International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETICS) ISSN: 2278-6856 Volume 2, Issue 2, March – April 2013 ‘’LOCKER OPENING AND CLOSING SYSTEM USING RFID, FINGERPRINT, PASSWORD AND GSM’’ by Raghu Ram. Gangi, Et.al.

According to S.Anupriya, Et.al. (April 2014) In this project the microcontroller, where its sends data to the computer to activate the camera when the microcontroller receive signals, is used as an interface circuit connecting the microcontroller to the computer. Through the use of the security camera, users are able to monitor the situation and get timely information about persons with the fast advancing technology. This project provides the SMS so we can identify the intruder by sending SMS from transmitter phone to receiver phone. If anyone misuses the system, image will be captured by using web camera. DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY, ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , HOSUR, INDIA S.Anupriya, et.al. (Volume 2 April 2014 Page 125-128).

Arduino Based Door Lock System Review of Related Literatre

According to R.Ramani,  Et.al. The main goal of this paper is to design and implement a bank locker security system based on RFID and GSM technology which we can used in bank secured offices and homes. some people will try to cheat or steal the property which may endanger the safety of money in the bank house and office. there are many types of alarm systems available in the market which utilizes different types of sensor. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887) Volume 57-No.18, November 2012 ‘’Bank Locker Security Systm based on Rfid and Gsm Technology’’ by R. Ramani, Et.al.

According to W.Zhao , et.al. (December2003) As one of the most successful applications of image analysis and understanding,face recognition has recently received significant attention,especially during the past several years. This paper provides an up-to-date critical survey of still-and video-based face recognition research. FaceRecognition: ALiteratureSurvey W.Zhao, UniversityofMarylandACMComputingSurveys, (Vol.35,No.4,December2003,pp.399–458).

According to M. Meenakshi( Received 29 August 2012; Published online November 10, 2012 ) This system is organized to capture an image sequence, find facial features in the images, and recognize and verify a person. The current implementation uses images captured using a WebCam, compares it to a stored database using methods of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). A real-time validation of the identification of the captured images is done using a PC-based system with algorithms. Real-Time Facial Recognition System—Design, Implementation and Validation M. Meenakshi Journal of Signal Processing Theory and Applications (2013) 1: 1-18 doi:10.7726/jspta.2013.1001.

According to Surendra Sot proposed SMS Based Car Security System. It introduces the integration between monitoring and tracking system. The system can send SMS and SMS to the owner to have fast response especially if the car is nearby. As soon as there is intrusion detected, first the SMS is sent to master user and the picture of the intruder will be sent via local GSM/GPRS service provider to user (and / or) police mail ID. The implementation and testing results show the success of prototype in sending SMS to owner within 30 seconds. The timing and results are suitable to owner and police to take suitable action against intruder. User can also control the module using command. User has to send different SMS to module while configuration of module for master. Master user can be change as per need, only master user can make changes in to the module. SMS Based car Security System Surendra Sot Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRTMU Nanded, Maharashtra, India Surendra_sot@yahoo.co.in IJECSE,Volume2, Number 2 Surendra Sot, et al.

According to Shang-Hung Lin, The main goal of this paper introductory course of this new information processing technology. The paper shows the readers the generic framework for the face recognition system, and the variants that are frequently encountered by the face recognizer. Several famous face recognition algorithms, such as Eigen faces and neural networks, will also be explained. Network access control via face recognition not only makes hackers virtually impossible to steal one’s “password”, but also increases the user-friendliness in human-computer interaction.  An Introduction to Face Recognition Technology Shang-Hung Lin, Ph.D. IC Media Corporation shanghung.lin@ic-media.com  Informing Science Special Issue Multimedia Informing Technologies  – Part 2 Volume 3 No. 1, 2000.

According to Jawad Nagi, et.al.( March 7-9, 2008) This paper presents a new technique for human face recognition. This technique uses an image-based approach towards artificial intelligence by removing redundant data from face images through image compression using the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform. Face recognition, discrete cosine transform, self-organizing map, neural network, artificial intelligence. The DCT extracts features from face images based on skin color. Feature vectors are constructed by computing DCT coefficients.

A MATLAB based Face Recognition System using Image Processing and Neural Networks (March 7-9 2008) JawadNagi, et.al. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering UniversitiTenagaNasionalFarrukhNagi Department of Mechanical Engineering UniversitiTenagaNasional.

Related Studies

According to Turk Matthew,et.al (1987) Eigenfaces is the name given to set of eigenvectors when they are used in the computer vision problem of human face recognition. The eigenvectors are derived from the covarience matrix of the probability distribution over the high-dimensional vector space of face images. The eigenfaces themselves from a basic set of all images used to construct the covariance matrix.

This produces dimensions reduction by allowing the smaller set of basis images to represent the original training images. The eigenfaces that are creates will appear as light and dark areas that are arranged in a specific pattern. EigenFaces(1987) by Turk Matthew,et.al.

Based on the study of Malik M.H entitled “Automated Door Lock System”(2008). The project that was built consists of hardware & software development. This was used on SMS to open the Room Door. The user can open the door by sending a text message  to the system. The system will identify and check it for the safety purposes. The door lock circuit is designed based on the magnetic core & change to a magnet when power supply is feed to it. This magnet will act as a locking part of the door. It will automatic open if anyone send the right SMS to the system. “Automated Door Lock System” by Malik M.H (2008).

Based on the study of Edgell, Jeffrey and Trimpe Andrew, there are 4 kinds of improving the accuracy of face detection:

1. Image Quality- image quality affects how well facial-recognition algorithms work. The image quality of scanning video is quite low compared with that of a digital camera. Even high-definition video is at best, 1080p. Usually, it is 720p. These values are equivalent to about 2MP and 0.9MP, respectively, while an inexpensive digital camera attains 15MP. The difference is quite noticeable.
2. Image Size- When a face-detection algorithm finds a face in an image or in a still from a video capture, the relative size of that face compared with the enrolled image size affects how well the face will be recognized. An already small image size, coupled with a target distant from the camera, means that the detected face is only 100 to 200 pixels on a side. Further, having to scan an image for varying face sizes is a processor-intensive activity. Most algorithms allow specification of a face-size range to help eliminate false positives on detection and speed up image processing.
3. Face Angle- The relative angle of the target’s face influences the recognition score profoundly. When a face is enrolled in the recognition software, usually multiple angles are used (profile, frontal and 45-degree are common). Anything less than a frontal view affects the algorithm’s capability to generate a template for the face. The more direct the image (both enrolled and probe image) and the higher its resolution, the higher the score of any resulting matches.
4. Processing and Storage- Even though high-definition video is quite low in resolution when compared with digital camera images, it still occupies significant amounts of disk space. Processing every frame of video is an enormous undertaking, so usually only a fraction (10 percent to 25 percent) is actually run through a recognition system. To minimize total processing time, agencies can use clusters of computers. However, adding computers involves considerable data transfer over a network, which can be bound by input-output restrictions, further limiting processing speed.

As technology improves, higher-definition cameras will become available. Computer networks will be able to move more data, and processors will work faster. Facial-recognition algorithms will be better able to pick out faces from an image and recognize them in a database of enrolled individuals. The simple mechanisms that defeat today’s algorithms, such as obscuring parts of the face with sunglasses and masks or changing one’s hairstyle, will be easily overcome.

An immediate way to overcome many of these limitations is to change how images are captured. Using checkpoints, for example, requires subjects to line up and funnel through a single point. Cameras can then focus on each person closely, yielding far more useful frontal, higher-resolution probe images. However, wide-scale implementation increases the number of cameras required.

According to Ople et.al. entitled “Electronic Logbook with Door Lock System” (2010) included that using the electronic log book with door lock system for CICT is a system that was mainly focused on monitoring the attendance of CICT Faculty members using biometric door lock finger print scanner that installed in the faculty room. These security door locks operated by finger print scanning on a scanner that has already been programmed to identify the unique finger print and it indergone through finger print recording where the finger print of an individual will be saved in the database. Electronic Logbook with Door Lock System” (2010)

Based on the study of Undergraduate Thesis presented to the Faculty of College of Information and Communication Technology. Bulacan State University entitled “Face Recognition with Magnetic Door Lock Security System” (2014) to secure and monitor the room & also the authorized person that logs in. this is the concept of putting a biometrics with enclosure for the computer units. There are only few selected people who can access the biometrics and has an authority to take or open the computer units in case there is a problem and must repair it. Once the biometrics are accessed by the authorized person, it will log & record it to the database, so it’s easy to determine who the one last logged in.

The aim of the Face Recognition w/ magnetic Door Lock Security System is to maintain the security inside the room with or without people against the burglar. In this study, your home will improve its security system 24/7.

In the system defining keys is an automated process and hence no man power is required. Once the system identifies the face it opens or closes the door when a recognized person enters the room. A face identification system does not require any advanced hardware, as it can be used with existing image capture devices (webcams, security cameras etc.). The first step of human face identification is to extract the relevant features from facial images. There are three major research groups which propose three different approaches to the face recognition problems namely the first group with facial characteristics which are used by human beings in recognizing individual faces. The second group performs with the human face identification based on feature vectors extracted from profile silhouettes while the third group uses feature vectors extracted from a frontal view of the face. Most of face recognition algorithms fall into one of two main approaches: feature-based and image based algorithms.

Feature-based methods explore a set of geometric features, such as the distance between the eyes or the size of the eyes, and use these measures to represent the given face. These features are computed using simple correlation filters with expected templates.

Credits to the respective authors of the different cited studies in this article

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