The interactive model of information system emphasizes on the role of information systems to assist and support a user to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making. In industrial and services system setting such as inventory, modeling and analysis techniques, operation research applications are common. However, applications of operations research in state university administration in Philippines have been surprisingly rare. This research explores time series models in enrollment forecasting to project the number of student to enroll in a course. These reports are bases of their decision making. Thus, it is important to have a thorough comparative analysis of data in order to come up with wise and fair decisions to all stakeholders. The most common task of the school administrators is to monitor the trends of enrolment. This must be monitored properly in order to address issues related to hiring or firing teachers and acquiring new facilities to maintaining high level of quality education. It is noticeable that enrolment is increasing every school year. As the number of students’ increases, it also demands more teachers, personnel and even facilities that could sustain and maintain its quality of education. Determining the trends of enrolment could be difficult especially if the existing system does not provide such forecasting feature that could predict future increase or decrease or enrollees. Forecasting is the underlying basis for decisions, such as for calculating ahead the labor costs of hiring new teachers and or projecting the possible budget allotted to acquiring new school facilities and office supplies.
This answers the need of the school administrator to understand enrollment patterns and factors that influences the number of students expected to enroll. Educational institutions abroad project enrolment for the coming semester uses different statistical models to project the number of students to enroll in a certain course or year level. A study on the enrolment forecasting for an upper division general education component uses regression analysis based on historical enrolment data to forecast the total student enrolment as well as the student demand for seats, facilities and teachers.
The emerging roles of computer as a major tool to various tasks of managers and decision makers are noticeable in most companies, business firms and even in the academe. As managers in business, one sees to it that business is on the right track and its operations are smooth and solvent. Business managers are persons who drive the work of others in order to run a major business efficiently and make a large profit. He or she should have working knowledge of the following areas, and may be a specialist in one or more: sales, marketing, and public relations; research, operations analysis, data processing, mathematics, statistics, and economics; production; finance; accounting, auditing, tax, and budgeting; purchasing; and personnel. Other technical areas in which a business manager may have expertise are law, science, and computer programming.
In many businesses, the role of business manager may grow out of a small business-owner’s desire to shed some of the multiple roles mentioned above in order to focus on specific aspects of company expansion or market penetration. Business managers for a time may share duties with the owner, as the owner gains trust in the business managers. Ideally, the business manager and the owner work synergistically to ensure that the business of running a successful business is attended to. The most tedious task of managers is to predict or project future events that may be helpful or threats to their business. Thus, a careful analysis is necessary in order to get an accurate projection of the future events such as new competitions or threats or projection of sales that could have been the basis of their inventories and the like.
In the academe, similar to business managers, administrators make sure that the school is running smoothly. The school administrators organize and manage the administration, support systems and activities that enable the effective running of an educational institution. The administrations must extensively use electronic information systems to prepare reports and statistics for internal and external use.
Thus, the researchers are eager to find out the usability and acceptability of the Enrolment Forecast Planner. The researchers are fervent to develop a usable and acceptable Enrolment Forecast Planner and sorted out the different functions and services of the system.
Specifically, the following are the purposes, features, functionalities and services that system will provide:
Forecasting of enrollment
Profiling of students
Summarizing of reports such as students per department, year level, course and school year.
Decision-support feature for the academic heads, president and budget department.
Objectives of the Study
The study aims to develop an forecast planner for enrollment system.
Specific Objectives
Specifically, the researchers aim to:
To determine the degree usability and relevance of the enrolment forecast planner as a system.
To develop a system on enrolment forecast that provides decision supports.
To determine the level of efficiency of the systems developed.
Scope and Limitation
The Enrollment Forecast Planner for the student record with decision support system is a big help for the academic head, the faculty and the administrative staff. It is a great help for the school decision making for their students, the ease to keeping and accessing the student’s records and it can guarantee a data integrity through its security features.
The features in the Enrollment Forecast Planner with Decision Support System which will help the school decide for their students in determining the population of a student or the number of the student failed, drop outs, repeater or outshine in a particular grading period through a summarized graphical presentation. Thus it could support decision-making.
Lastly them main concern of the admin is that the safe keeping of all the confidential records of the students. Because the records of the students that have been made is sometimes got lost and sometimes are eaten by the termites because they just keep it in a box inside a cabinet. So, with this system, the records will be safe and secure from anything that will destroy it.
Significance of the Study
The main function of this study is to keep all the confidential records of the students, reliable and secure keeping and permanent record of all college school students’ data. The development of the school Students Enrollment Forecasting Planner with Decision Support System to enhance the way of managing, searching of all the records of all the students’ confidential records.
Credits to the Authors and Developers of the project.
Faculty Evaluation System Review of Related Literature
General Overview
The system was developed for the Information Technology Faculty , which is more cost-efficient and cost-effective. It will give way to easy collection and more accurate data analysis in lesser time. The evaluation integrates data from students, peers and administrators to improve meaningful evaluative information for both faculty use in self-improvements efforts and administrative use in making personnel decision.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Related Studies
Personnel review binders used for retention, promotion, and tenure decisions may go the way of the typewriter as electronic portfolio systems continue to gain ground as effective, paperless solutions. For the past three years, the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse used electronic faculty portfolios for all retention, promotion, and instructional academic staff rehiring decisions. The web-based system has not only simplified the process for faculty, but committee members find the system more convenient and efficient
Faculty Performance Evaluation in Accredited
U.S. Public Health Graduate Schools and
Programs: A National Study
To provide baseline data on evaluation of faculty performance in U.S. schools and programs of public health. The authors administered an anonymous Internet-based questionnaire using PHP Surveyor. The invited sample consisted of individuals listed in the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) Directory of Accredited Schools and Programs of Public Health. The authors explored performance measures in teaching, research, and service, and assessed how faculty performance measures are used.
A total of 64 individuals (60.4%) responded to the survey, with 26 (40.6%) reporting accreditation/reaccreditation by CEPH within the preceding 24 months. Although all schools and programs employ faculty performance evaluations, a significant difference exists between schools and programs in the use of results for merit pay increases and mentoring purposes. Thirty-one (48.4%) of the organizations published minimum performance expectations. Fifty-nine (92.2%) of the respondents counted number of publications, but only 22 (34.4%) formally evaluated their quality. Sixty-two (96.9%) evaluated teaching through student course evaluations, and only 29 (45.3%) engaged in peer assessment. Although aggregate results of teaching evaluation are available to faculty and administrators, this information is often unavailable to students and the public. Most schools and programs documented faculty service activities qualitatively but neither assessed it quantitatively nor evaluated its impact.
This study provides insight into how schools and programs of public health evaluate faculty performance. Results suggest that although schools and programs do evaluate faculty performance on a basic level, many do not devote substantial attention to this process. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18820530)
Evaluating Faculty Performance:
A systematically Designed and assessed approach.
The authors explain how the Department of Family Practice and Community Health (DFPCH) at the University of Minnesota School of Medicine has responded to the need to create for its faculty an evaluation system that provides information for both feedback and merit-pay decisions. The development process, begun in 1996, is described, and its present format detailed. Also presented are the results of a 1999 assessment of the system, which found high satisfaction among the faculty and the department head. In particular, this system has allowed the department head to have a more objective basis for making salary decisions, to increase his role as coach, and to commit more time to career correction and/or development. Other observed outcomes include an enhanced ability to track faculty productivity, increased clarity in organizational structure and goals, increased research productivity, and early retirement of senior faculty receiving low evaluations. The key components of the DFPCH system mirror recommended elements for the design of faculty evaluation systems offered by evaluation professionals. Specific elements that the DFPCH found critical to success were stable and supportive departmental and project leadership, supportive faculty, skilled staff, a willingness to weather resistance to change, tailoring of the system to the department’s specific needs and culture, and a willingness to allow the process to evolve. A key question that the evaluation system has evoked at the DFPCH is whether “merit” equals “worth”; that is, does the collective meritorious work of faculty members effectively address program and departmental goals? (http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/faculty-evaluation/electronic-faculty-portfolios-can-streamline-personnel-matters/)
Computerized Employee Evaluation processing
Apparatus and method
According to Bradshaw; William Brent (Pleasant Grove, UT), computerized employee evaluation processing apparatus and method is a method for computerized industrial process control provides computers networked to communicate with one another. Each computer active in the system is responsible for at least a portion of the process and at least one decision for a process to be controlled and having an output. All activities are characterized by type, the types of activities forming a universal set including sensing facts, linking facts into a meaningful context, and evaluating meaning to formulate a decision. An entity responsible for an assigned decision conducts a series of activities selected from the three types, which may be applied recursively. Decisions are communicated between computers through the system to control the process. Producing output from the process follows according to a combination of decisions reported from each computer corresponding to a responsible person or other entity. In various embodiments, the process control may be hardware product development, manufacturing, chemical composition processing, or data collection and processing such as from instruments and machines or computerized information processes including employee evaluation.
Issues in Developing a Faculty Evaluation System.
The increasing demands for accountability in higher education are resulting in calls for important personnel decisions–such as promotion, tenure, pay, and continuation–to be based directly on the outcomes of systematic faculty evaluations. This article provides a step-by-step procedure for developing a fair and meaningful faculty evaluation system on which such personnel decisions can be based. The procedure systematically involves faculty and administrators in the design and development of a faculty evaluation program that reflects the unique values, priorities, and heritage of an institution. The resultant faculty evaluation system integrates data from students, peers, and administrators to provide meaningful evaluative information for both faculty use in self-improvement efforts and administrative use in making personnel decisions that are based on a valid and reliable faculty performance record.
Using a Faculty Evaluation Triad to Achieve Evidence-Based Teaching.
An effective and comprehensive faculty evaluation system provides both formative and summative data for ongoing faculty development. It also provides data for annual faculty evaluation and tenure and promotion decision making. To achieve an effective system, a triad of faculty evaluation data sources–student ratings, teaching portfolio, and peer evaluation–was developed. Concurrently, a system of faculty mentorship was implemented, as well as an administrative structure to effectively use data to assist in merit pay and promotion decisions. Using a comprehensive, evidenced-based system to document, analyze, and improve teaching effectiveness is essential to assuring excellence in teaching and learning.
LOCAL RELATED STUDIES
Computerized faculty evaluation system on next semester:
University of SANTO TOMAS
GONE are the times when students shade cards to evaluate their professors, as the new online evaluation will be introduced this coming semester.
Evaluators, composed of students and faculty members’ superiors, will occupy computer laboratories within their respective faculties and colleges at a given time for the online evaluation, according to project manager Rowella Raymundo.
They will then be given a username and a password to be able to log-in to the website, said Jaime Dolor, Jr., program webmaster.
Just like in the old system, evaluators assess a faculty member’s performance based on different criteria with ratings from one (very poor) to five (very good). Once done, one will be able to view the results of one’s evaluation of a faculty member.
The University decided to shift from manual to online evaluation because the latter is more “cost-efficient and cost-effective” said Prof. Jaime Dolera, Jr., Administrator for Software Development and Data Processing.
The program, through the initiative of Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs Dr. Armando de Jesus, will give way to easy collection and more accurate data analysis in lesser time, added Dolera.
Accurate computation of results is expected since the program tabulates the data. This lessens the chances of human error, said Dolor.
“The new system is better because confidentiality is maintained. As soon as the evaluators finish with the evaluation, the information they have encoded will be sent to a database which only the Office of the Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs (OVRAA) has an access of,” Dolor said. Not everyone can view the over-all results.
Evaluators will only be able to gain access to the program using University computers since it is only available in Intranet, or within the University’s network. This is to minimize the chances of virus attacks and program hi-jackers. The online evaluation, (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116538716.html)
PRIOR ART
A FACULTY Evaluation Model for Online Instructors:
Mentoring and Evaluation in the Online Classroom
The rapid growth of online learning has mandated the development of faculty evaluation models geared specifically toward the unique demands of the online classroom. With a foundation in the best practices of online learning, adapted to meet the dynamics of a growing online program, the Online Instructor Evaluation System created at Park University serves the dual purpose of mentoring and faculty evaluation. As such, the model contains two distinct phases of interaction: formative reviews and a summative evaluation. Beyond its critical role in instructor retention, program assessment, and accreditation, this faculty evaluation system signals the University’s commitment to ongoing professional development. The Online Instructor Evaluation System maximizes the potential of faculty evaluation to inspire reflection and growth; encourages the persistent professional development needs of online instructors; emphasizes the process of teaching as well as product; incorporates multiple perspectives to capture a comprehensive view of instructor performance; and educates key on-ground university constituents about online learning.
In the infancy of online instruction, considerable emphasis was given to demonstrating equivalence between online and traditional face-to-face instruction. This movement extended from pedagogy to evaluation as many online programs mirrored established face-to-face processes for faculty evaluation when creating models for the virtual classroom. With the rapid growth of online learning, these early evaluation models have revealed limited relevance to the online environment both in content and implementation. To address the ineffectiveness of traditional faculty evaluation models for use with online faculty, as well as to contribute to the growth of online learning as a field (and not simply a practice), innovative faculty evaluation models that are geared specifically to the unique demands, expectations and requirements of modern online learning must be developed.
The evaluation model for online faculty at Park University was created to meet the unique demands of an evolving online program. While Park University was founded as a small, private liberal-arts college in 1875, the original campus has grown to include graduate programs, 42 nation-wide campus centers, and an extensive online program supporting 45,000 annual student enrollments in seven online degree-completion programs and four fully-online graduate programs. Park University’s culture is as a teaching-oriented institution, with emerging expectations for faculty scholarship, research, and service. The institutional complexity at Park University samples challenges found across a host of institutions targeting 2- or 4-year degrees, public or private settings, and traditional or adult student populations. As such, the University’s online faculty evaluation model is potentially translatable to an equally wide range of higher-learning institutions. With the increasing popularity and growth of online learning, it is essential to establish clear, direct, relevant guidelines for evaluating online faculty that maintain instructional quality and promote best practices in online education. (http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall83/mandernach83.htm)
Synthesis
As part of the educational assessment process, faculty evaluation attempts to assess and quantify the effectiveness of teaching professionals. Their performances are the basis of the administrator for retention, promotion and for other decision making. Through computerization, we can achieve our goals in providing accurate and reliable results in lesser time.
According to Bradshaw; William Brent (Pleasant Grove, UT), computerized employee processing apparatus and method is a method for computerized industrial process control provides computers networked to communicate with one another. Each computer active in the system is responsible for at least a portion of the process and at least one decision for a process for a to be controlled and having an output. All activities are characterized by type, the types of activities forming a universal set including sensing facts, linking facts into a meaningful context, and evaluating meaning to formulate a decision. An entity responsible for an assigned decision conducts a series of activities selected from the three types, which may be applied recursively. Decisions are communicated between computers through the system to control the process. Producing output from the process follows according to a decisions reported from each computer corresponding to a responsible person or other entity. In various embodiment, the process control may be hardware product development, manufacturing, chemical composition processing, or data collection and processing such as from instruments and machines or computerized information processes including employee evaluation.
Computer nowadays is a basic need for business on companies. It helps a lot in such a way that it makes work more progressive and productive. It is an important thing that company or small business should have because it helps a lot in many ways such as organizing, storing and manipulating data. Having computer programs may help a company grow bigger and be competitive in the flow of the business world. It helps a lot because almost all the companies nowadays use computers literate and very competitive in many aspects. Most of this day, people are using the internet for communicating. The usefulness of internet has increased greatly in recent years allowing users to perform more tasks in a web context. This increase in usefulness has come at the expense of the usability of the internet in some contexts.
Record Keeping is one of the most problematic processes of any organizations. Most of the police stations and BJMP (Bureau of Jail Management and Penology) are using the folder and cabinet method of storing and archiving information. This manual method works but it is very inefficient and time consuming.
The Prison Management System will address the problems and improve the performance of the management specifically in records management.
Objectives of the Study:
The main objective of the study is to design and develop an information system that will help organize the records of prisoners.
Specifically, the study aims to:
Proper monitoring and archiving of records using database technology
Provide a search feature to easily look for the records
To develop an application to minimize the paper works
To provide back-up facility of records
Significance of the Study
The outcome of this study will be beneficial to the following group of people:
Researchers – this project will help the researchers to utilize their skills in research and in software development.
Future Researchers – this Prison Management System will help future researchers in their study and will be able to get information and will serve as a guide in order to enhance their project.
BJMP Administrators – this will help improve their records management that will contribute to the overall efficiency of their business process.
Features and Modules of the project
Prisoner Details – this module will allow the users of the system to records the personal details of the prisoner that includes the name, address, contact, case, etc.
Guard Details – this module will allow the users of the system to encode the records of guards/police officers.
Schedule of Duty – this is the module wherein the users can set the shifting of duty of the guards and police officer.
Reports Module – the module that will print the records of prisoners.
Note: other features will be incorporated based on the suggestion of the client.
Software Development Life Cycle
In Quick Analysis and Design phase, all information will be gathered and will be analyzed. The design of the system will happen in this phase. In the Build phase, coding of the system happens here. This involves the programming languages and other components to develop the system. In Quick Test, the system will be tested if all necessary functions are present in the system. If the system has not met the necessary functions, the next phase will be the Refine Phase. This involves the modification or improvement of the system to meet the objectives. After the Refine phase, this will proceed to the Build Phase again then to the Quick Test. This process will repeat if the system still does not comply with the necessary requirements. When the system passes the Quick Test phase, the next phase will be the Testing and Evaluation. The system will be tested and evaluated by the respondents or end-users of the system.
Development Tools:
PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap
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Design and Development of Auction System in PHP and MySQL
The aim of this project is to design, develop and implement an auction system using PHP as the scripting or programming language and MySQL for the storage or database of the system. An auction system is a platform for everyone where users can post an auction item that includes the image, description and other details for other users to place a bid to purchase the item. This document will present and discuss the introduction of the study, objectives of the study and the development tools used for the said project.
Introduction
Nowadays, computerization plays a big role in the society especially in the world of business and industry. In today’s businesses which process a huge amount of information, it is essential to do the task using computers to make it more accurate and secured.
Auction System is an online application that let the auction admin to list and categorizes items for auction, create starting bids, create guest lists and bidding sheets, associate specific bids with specific items and close the auction for processing results.
The researchers came up with an idea to design, develop and implement an online auction platform that can help the buyer and seller to transact in an electronic and secure manner which is more convenient and efficient compare to the tradition auction system.
Objectives of the Study
The end results of the study/project are to design, develop and implement an auction project based on the requirements and specifications of our client. It is also aim to test, evaluate and put the project in a live server.
Specifically, the study will be able to:
Provide an efficient and secure manner of transaction between the buyer and seller.
Provide a back office system for the administrator to fully control the operations of the system.
To provide a feature that will be able to sort the items by such things as price, proximity to the user.
Development Tools:
XAMMP. Cross platform package software containing apache web server, MySQL, tomcat, FileZilla and Mercury. Use to run php, Perl and java programs via local server (quora.com).
Brackets. Modern text editor uses for the web development and understand web design (brackets.io).
Bootstrap. Bootstrap is an open source toolkit for developing with HTML, CSS, and JS. Quickly prototype your ideas or build your entire app with our Sass variables and mixins, responsive grid system, extensive prebuilt components, and powerful plugins built on jQuery (getbootstrap.com).
JavaScript. JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight and most commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side script to interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming language with object-oriented capabilities (tutorialspoint.com).
CSS 3. CSS is the language for describing the presentation of Web pages, including colours, layout, and fonts. It allows one to adapt the presentation to different types of devices, such as large screens, small screens, or printers. CSS is independent of HTML and can be used with any XML-based mark-up language (w3.org).
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Auction System Dashboard in PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap
PHP. Stands for “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor” is a programming and scripting language to create dynamic interactive website. PHP is also an Open Source is a server side programming language. When a user requests a web page that contains PHP code, the code is processed by the PHP module installed on that web server. The PHP pre-processor then generates HTML output to be displayed on the user’s browser screen. (www.wpbeginner.com)
MySQL. MySQL is a free, open-source database management system (DBMS for short). A DBMS is a system that manages databases and connects them to software. (www.google.com)
Method of Research
The researchers will use the developmental method of research. Developmental research is particularly important in the field of instructional technology. The most common types of developmental research involve situations in which the product-development process is analyse and described, and the final product is evaluated. A second type of developmental research focuses more on the impact of the product on the learner or the organization. A third type of study is oriented toward a general analysis of design development or evaluation processes as a whole or as components (www.eric.ed.gov).
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Design and Development of Auction System in PHP and MySQL
Software Development Life Cycle using Rapid Applications Development
Analysis and Quick Design
During Analysis and Quick Design, the researchers did a personal interview with the respondents and the chosen client where the study was conducted. The respondents were given the chance to suggest how the system will be designed. After conducting the data gathering, the researchers made a prototype of the system.
Build/Development
The researchers will start to build the proposed system. It includes the design; how the system would look like based on user requirements, and the researchers/programmer would like to add personal design to make the system more interactive and user friendly.
Demonstrate
The prototype will be presented to the client for demonstration purposes. This phase also help the researchers to have an idea on how to create the system and have an idea on how the proposed system would be beneficial to the clients.
Refine
This stage will include the compiling, building, demonstration also refinement of the data gathered by the researchers. The researchers first build a prototype based on the planned design and data tables. After building the prototype it will be demonstrated to the client. The researchers show the function of the system, the flow on how it works, and the functions of the features that are included in the system. The last stage is refinement where in the researchers will refine the system by client’s additional needs. This will include changes in features flow and functions based on the requirements.
Testing
This will include the feed backing of the proposed system after it will be implemented and had undergone testing by the client. It will also inform the researchers and the developer if there are any bugs, suggestion and if the system’s functionality will works well.
This will discuss the implementation of the proposed system wherein IT Experts will evaluate the proposed system. This will also discuss if the recommended functions and suggestion are met.
Implementation
After the testing and suggestions were incorporated in the system, the project will now undergo the live encoding or actual data will now be inserted in the project.
Maintenance
This is the phase where new features and improvements to the project will be added.
Student Profiling with Decision Support Capstone Documentation
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discussed about the introduction of the study, objectives, significance of the study and its scope and limitation.
The Information System is ever changing in trend technology brought the necessity for the automated of everything. The student information system is a computer application that deals with the generation, collection, organization, storage; retrieval and dissemination of recorded the file.
The term “student profile” is used in several different senses in the education community. In all cases, a student profile provides information about a student, but the information can be presented and used in different ways. Student profile can include data submitted by a student, as well as information which is added by staff members in an educational institution to provide a complete picture of the student. Access too many type of student profiles are restricted due to concerns about security and privacy.
Student record system, thus play a key role in the overall functioning of the education system; but more importantly, they increase a school’s ability to meet the needs of students. Many schools, school district, and state education agencies already collect and use data effectively.
The researchers conducted a study to implement a system that will keep track all students’ personal data in the Guidance Office and provide an easy and manageable way of keeping the college students’ record i. The Students’ Profiling System is the first software application to be developed for Guidance Office to manage all confidential data that needs to be kept and secured.
Objectives of the Study
The researchers was aim to develop a usable system for the profiling management of the students.
Specifically, the researcher it aims to:
Ensure that no data is lost by making multiple back up of all files and programs
Be able to provide a decision support system of the decision making
Provide interface that can make the record management easier by providing
Input form for the student profile registration
Input form for student’s grades
Provides reports on the following
List of the students by section
Student’s profile
Grades (Form 137)
Summary on Drop outs and Failures
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Student Profiling with Decision Support Capstone Documentation
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter contains the related concepts about the study. The contents were contemplated as the foundation in perceiving the need and demands of the application to improve the Students’ Profiling System.
Related Concepts
Information Management
It is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences. This sometimes involves to those who have a stake in, or a right to that information. Management means the organization of and control over the structure, processing and delivery of information.http://en.wikipedia.org
Student Education Record
Education records are those records that are directly related to the students which include personal information about the students maintained by an educational agency or institution or by a party acting for agency or institution.http://www.cals tatela.edu/its/p olicies/ferpa/student_record.htm
Profile Management System
Complete school management software that effectively performs records and profiles management. This profile management system captures master data such as name and contact information of the student, parents, teachers and other supporting staff. http://www.topshareware.com/School-Management-System-SMS-download 47712.htm.
Student Profiling
Student profiling attempts to identify students likely to be violent based on traits, characteristics, and/or behavior (e.g., detachment from school, unusual interest in sensational violence, and turbulent relationships with parents). Student profiling has an effort to identify at an early stage, those students who are most likely to initiate such violent acts. http://www.sourcecodeonline.com/list?q=student__profiling.
Student Information Management System
Provide a student information management system capable of allowing the school side to have a database in which the students’ personal data on all activities including education record is registered, and effectively activate the computerized student data. http://www.sungard.com
Existing Studies/ Prior art
Student Guidance System
The purpose of this program is to record the complaints and/or problem of a student in guidance office. This will keep track the past record of a certain students by using this program. Student profiles can include data submitted by a student, as well as information which is added by staff members at an educational institution to provide a complete picture of the student. Access of too many types of student profiles is restricted due to concerns about security and privacy
Admissions office also establishes student profiles when students apply to a school. The profile is often electronic so that it can be easily tracked and sent to various members of the admissions office for review. The profile includes information from the student such as basic demographics along with admissions essays, and educational records from previous institutions, along with letters of recommendation. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-student-profile.htm
Comprehensive Student Guidance System
Student guidance service forms an integral part of the whole school system, being closely linked with other sub-systems within the school, such as student discipline, management and organization as well as learning and teaching. It is only through the intensive collaboration among sub-systems that the school would be able to effectively implement student guidance service in catering for the healthy development of students. http://www.edb.gov.hk/index. aspx?nodeID=1983&langno=1
Profiling Students for Violence
Student profiling is a term used to refer to a process in which checklists of behaviors and personal characteristics associated with youth who have perpetrated violence are used to try to gauge an individual student’s potential for acting out in a violent manner in the future. If a large number of items on the list appear to be true for a particular student, the assumption is that the student is at higher risk for committing violence. http://eric.uoregon.edu/publications/digests/digest139.html
Synthesis
The related concepts and studies included in this study have bearing in the development of the Students’ Profiling System. The related studies are very similar to the present study in the sense that it emphasized the significant role of the developed Students’ Profiling System.
The related studies were very useful in the framing and formulation of the survey questionnaire and the interpretation and analysis of data and most of all, it helped in the development of the system. It only shows that the need of implementing the developed Students’ Profiling System will contribute a big help not only to the school but also to students to enhance the managing and updating of students’ profile and record every enrollment period.
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Student Profiling with Decision Support User Interface
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discussed all methods used by the researchers, which includes the selection of software development life cycle model, software development procedures and methods being used including the requirements phase, design phase, initial testing phase and the final testing of the program to successfully come up with the developed system.
Using a survey questionnaire the method used by the researchers was the descriptive type of study. This method used to discuss the actual condition, situation and practice in the Guidance Office. The focused of this type of study is to seek the respondents’ perspective and experience. It also calculates the mean and interpretation of the questionnaire which contain the various functions that deal on how Students’ Profiling System is in demand to be implemented.
System Development Life Cycle Model
The waterfall model is a sequential, software development process, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like waterfall) through the phases of System Requirements, System Design, System Implementation, System Verification and System Maintenance.
Requirements Analysis/Design
The requirements needed for the development of the Student Profiling with Decision Support includes the respondents in this study which are the guidance office personnel and the class advisers. Then the validated questionnaire used by the researchers for conducting a survey and the gathered data needed in order for this system get developed. But before they conduct it, the researchers made a letter asking permission to conduct immersions and survey to the said school (See Appendix A). The first step that researchers have done is that, they make survey questionnaire for them to know what their problems are when it comes to managing the information and their manual operations they would like to automate. After the researchers make the questionnaires, they ask three professionals, which is composed of two I. T. Expert and one English Major Teacher to evaluate and validate it. The researchers provided the criteria set of Carter V. Good and Douglas F. Scales to the three professionals to evaluate the questionnaire. The questionnaire received 4.37 and it means that the questionnaire is very good and it is ready for conducting a survey.
After the evaluation of the questionnaire, the researchers set out to conduct a survey. The survey we conducted is about the feasibility study of our proposed system in their institution. We handed the survey questionnaire to the guidance/registrar’s office personnel whom manages the records of the students and to the class advisers of the school who are in charge in the students’ grades. Then after the survey, the researchers solved the mean to find out the result. For the guidance/registrar’s office personnel, the mean is 4.15 which interpreted as very important. As for the teachers, the mean is 4.53 and it is interpreted as very important.
Implementation Phase
This phase discussed the implementation of Students’ Profiling System where in (3) experts evaluate the developed system. This phase also discussed if the recommended functions and suggestions of the respondents and users are met.
Initial Testing Phase. The pre-installation of the Students’ Profiling System, three system developers evaluated the system. The evaluators were professionals who have broad knowledge on a computer-oriented application.
For the evaluation of the developed Students’ Profiling System, the researchers made a letter and personally set an appointment with the selected system developers for software quality assurance evaluation using the McCall’s Software Quality Model Evaluation Form. After the system was evaluated, the tabulation of the Software Evaluation Results follows.
Final Testing Phase. The final testing of the system was conducted after the initial testing was done. In this phase, the researchers made a letter to the intended users, attached is the Part II of the self-made questionnaire which is the User Acceptance Evaluation Form where in the intended users was the one who tested the effectiveness of the developed Students’ Profiling System if the desired functions were met.
The following are the evaluators of the developed Students’ Profiling System:
Guidance Office Personnel. The overall head and in charge of the Guidance Office and the one who keeps the security or password of the developed system.
Working Scholars. They are also the authorized person assigned in the Guidance Office to use the developed system.
Testing Phase
This is the feed backing process of the Students’ Profiling System after it was implemented and undergone testing to the three (3) experts and its intended users. It informs the developer if there are any suggestions, flaws, bugs and if the systems functionality worked well.
Maintenance Phase
This phase is virtually a never ending phase of the software model. Generally, problems with the system developed will come up after its practical use starts, so the issues related to the system can be solved after the deployment of the system. It also includes upgrading the system.
Chapter V
Summary
The proposed system is called the Student Profiling with Decision Support is a big help when it comes to managing of the student records. The conducted survey in our client shows that this kind of system would be very important to them. After that survey, the system has been developed and it passed through a series of testing which were the initial test and the final or user acceptance test for the system to be evaluated and rated. The initial test which was the system was evaluated by the three IT professional and the result shows that the system would be valuable to the beneficiary. Then lastly the final test or the user acceptance test which is the system has been evaluated and rated by the guidance and registrar’s office and the class advisers of the school and it received positive feedbacks from them and most of them considered to adapt this kind of system.
Conclusion
As the results shows by the series of testing and evaluation, the researchers concluded that the school needs the profiling system and the faculty to manage the students’ records in an organize manner using the database system. This system would be very beneficial in their institution.
Recommendation
The researchers highly recommend this system because it has the features that the registrars’ office and the class advisers needed in order for them to manage the grades a lot more easy.
News Portal Application in PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap
This project presents the abstract of the study, introduction, objectives of the study, beneficiaries and the SDLC method used is Modified Waterfall Model.
Abstract
The project entitled News Portal Application is an upgraded version of traditional method of news delivery to the people through newspaper. News Portal Application is an online platform designed and developed in PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap. Modified Waterfall Model was used as the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method. The said application was evaluated by experts and end-users as well. Results of evaluation show that the application meets the requirements needed by the end-users. Therefore, it is recommended that the News Portal Application should be implemented for it will contribute to the greater good of the company.
Introduction of the Study
More and more, computers are creeping into every aspects of school life. We are living in a fast paced world where everything is done instantly. News writers and bloggers are using computers to ease the time burden associated with the publication of their articles and news. Good software and meaningful applications provide substantial benefits for writers and bloggers as well: vastly improved communication, greater accountability, and greater objectivity in evaluation.
With the advancement of Information Technology, the Internet suddenly became an important aspect for local and global connectivity. Portal is defined as web site that provides a single point of access information and one of the many hosted within a single web portal server. As technology evolves alongside, the information revolution, the power of computer makes it easy to distribute and view information needed with just a few clicks.
With improvement of technology, the researchers decided to develop the News Portal Application. This project gives an efficient way of bringing information to internet users.
Significance of the Study (Beneficiaries)
News Writer. It will be a great tool to use for the writers to be able to publish their work online. Their works will reach more audience compare to the traditional newspaper approach.
Researchers. It will be a challenge for the researchers to design and develop an online portal using their skills in programming and web development.
Future Researchers. It will guide them to their future study and research topic relating to news portal application.
Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study is to develop and online platform wherein the users can upload and post their news and articles. It is also aimed to design an application that follows the need of the users through conducting evaluation that will make it user-friendly to the covered community.
Specifically, the News Portal Application will be able to:
Design a user-friendly interface for the writers to write their content and publish it online.
To provide moderation or control feature wherein administrators can review the articles before publishing online.
To provide search facility feature to easily navigate and look for a specific news and content.
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News Portal Application in PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap
Software Development Life Cycle
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development process. SDLC is a structure followed by a development team within the software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain and replace specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the overall development process. The software development life cycle is also known as the software development process. (https://www.techopedia.com/definition/22193/software-development-life-cycle-sdlc)
Modified Waterfall Model
The waterfall model is the sequential approach implemented in software development. In this software development process, there is a steady flow from one phase into the other. The flow represents a waterfall, hence the name of the model. It is known as the traditional or pure waterfall model. (https://techspirited.com/modified-waterfall-model)
REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION
The project entitled “News Portal Application”. This section presents the methodology used to develop the system, the system’s functionality, the suggested system content by the user’s and the project in developing the said system. It also includes the software and hardware requirements, software developer and people ware recommendations.
Functional user requirements are formally defined and delineate the requirements in terms of data, system performance, security and maintainability requirements for the system. All requirements are defined to a level of sufficient for systems design to proceed. All requirements need to be measurable and testable and relate to the business need or opportunity identified in the initiation phase.
Data Gathering
The researchers gathered all possible requirements for the system development the requirements gathered from the end users who are the benefactor of the system. The researcher conducted a survey questionnaire who validated by the experts. The questionnaires were used for gathering data to improve the performance of the proposed system.
Data analysis
The requirements are gathered from the end-user by consultation, wherein suggestions are given. We had also conducted a survey questionnaire which was validated by the three experts (IT Expert, English Grammarian, and Researcher). And these questionnaires were used as our data gathering tool that measures the performance of the manual system which serves as our basis for the development of our proposed system.
System Design
During this phase the System and Software Design was generated using the requirements captured in the requirements analysis. The design document is supposed to reference back to the requirements and satisfy each and every requirement. In this stage the researcher describes the technical details of the system and the researchers decided to used PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap.
Testing
In this phase, it stated the implementation and unit testing of the system. The recommendation and suggestion of the users were also included in this phase.
Implementation
The system modification were installed and made operational in a production environment. The phase was initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the user. This phase continued until the system is operating in production in accordance with the defined user requirements.
Development Tools:
PHP7 – Introducing PHP 7 – a revolution in the way we deliver applications that power everything from websites and mobile to enterprises and the cloud. This is the most important change for PHP since the release of PHP 5 in 2004, bringing explosive performance improvements, drastically reduced memory consumption, and a host of brand-new language features to make your apps soar. (http://www.zend.com/en/resources/php-7)
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News Portal Application Dashboard in Bootstrap
MySQL – MySQL is the world’s most popular open source database, enabling the cost-effective delivery of reliable, high-performance and scalable Web-based and embedded database applications. It is an integrated transaction safe, ACID-compliant database with full commit, rollback, crash recovery, and row-level locking capabilities. MySQL delivers the ease of use, scalability, and high performance, as well as a full suit of database drivers and visual tools to help developers and DBAs build and manage their business-critical MySQL applications. MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle, and the latest information about MySQL software can be found on the MySQL Web site. (https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/mysql/index.html)
Bootstrap 4 – Bootstrap 4 is the newest version of Bootstrap; with new components, faster stylesheet and more responsiveness.
Bootstrap 4 supports the latest, stable releases of all major browsers and platforms. However, Internet Explorer 9 and down is not supported. (https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap4/bootstrap_get_started.asp)
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Tabulation System in PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap Capstone Project
Introduction
Nowadays technology had emerged in this generation. Innovation of things is now the trend of the technology. Automation of devices and appliances, and other computer controlled systems are the trends of our fast changing modernized world. The primary or the main purpose of technology is to minimize the workload of people and to achieve an easy work without any hassles.
Technology is now fast growing and today must establishment and institution in the country uses modern technologies for them to be able to serve clients fast and efficient and to improve, provide accurate tabulation system as well as fall count and anticipation as early as possible and a lot of problems solved by the computer technology.
Every time the college holds sports events and other contests they are using pen, paper and boards for the tabulation and generation of and it is hard to calculate and it consumed a lot of time.
The researchers came up with android-based event tabulation system for the college to help the school especially during events which could help them calculate, tabulate and generate results of the contest in a timely and accurate manner.
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Tabulation System in PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap Capstone Project
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
This chapter the researchers background Study for the System Android based event tabulation system that run on android devices such as tablet, smartphone etc. The application contains different event and with different category in each event, in addition to that the mobile application also contains a form of scores and list of players in each category. The purpose of this is to measure the ability of the student and their knowledge on the event that they participate.
Software Requirements
The following survey is the Software to be used for the development and implementation of the system the purposed notes. First, software is defined as non-tangible components of the computers and it is also known as computer programs. The software which is needed for the development and for the implementations are shown in the table below:
for web development:
PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap
for mobile development:
JQuery Mobile and Apache Cordova
Visit the link for the database design and feature of the system
Hardware Requirements
The following survey is the hardware to be used for the development of the system the purposed notes. The computer hardware is known as the collection of physical elements that constitute a computer system. The hardware minimum resources used for the developed system are presented below, both for the server and for the client computers.
Motherboard(the latest)
Processor (Dual core 2.0 GHz)
Memory (4GB DDR4)
Hard Drives (at least 1TB)
Network Connection (High Speed)
Video Card (at lease 1GB)
Power Supply (at least 300 watts)
Tablet (Android OS)
Android Phone
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter contains the related literature about Tabulation System as the core components, the related concepts Prior Art and Synthesis.
Related Literature
Android Based Events Tabulation System
According to Waqas Ahmed on Feb.2014 Android based Event tabulation (2014) Task automation has become quite popular among mobile users thanks to apps like Tasked. Tasked allows you to configure different scenarios based on current location, time, event and so on, and automatically trigger different actions based on those scenarios. For instance, if you want your phone to automatically switch to silent mode when connected for charging, or need to turn off Wi-Fi when you’re on the road, you can easily achieve that using Tasker. This Android-based events tabulation System for NONESCOST is if you have a technology or have an application it is easy for the users to give score and calculate the score of every contestant in every category.
Statistical Export and Tabulation System
According to this website Statistical Export and Tabulation System (SETS) by: Clifton Road Atlanta give data users the tools to access and manipulate large data files on their personal computers. SETS 2.0 have been optimized for use with Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT.
Users can order the SETS Designer Kit, which contains software to create, build, and edit large data sets, as well as the SETS Interface. Users may also choose to install only the SETS Interface to access data already in SETS.
(http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/sets.html).
Electric Tabulation System
According to H. Hollerith this website the Electric tabulation System (2014) who have not come directly in contact with a census office, can form any adequate idea of the labor involved in the compilation of a census of 50,000,000 persons, as was the case in the last census, or of over 62,000,000, as will be the case
In the census to be taken in June, 1890. The fact, however, that Congress at its last session in “An Act to provide for the taking of the eleventh and subsequent censuses,” fixes the maximum cost of the next or eleventh census, exclusive of printing and engraving, at $6,400,000, will perhaps impress one with some idea of the magnitude of such an undertaking.
Although our population is constantly increasing, and although at each census more complicated combinations and greater detail are required in the various compilations, still, up to the present time, substantially the original method of compilation has been employed; that of making tally-marks in small squares and then adding and counting such tally-marks.
While engaged in work upon the tenth census, the writer’s attention was called to the methods employed in the tabulation of population statistics and the .enormous expense involved. These methods were at the time described as “barbarous, some machine ought to be devised for the purpose of facilitating, such tabulations. This led the writer to a thorough study of the details of the methods used, which were no doubt the most approved ever employed in compiling a census. After a careful consideration of the many problems involved and considerable experimenting on quite a large scale, the method which forms the subject of this paper is confidently offered as a means for facilitating this work. Work of a census can be divided into two main branches: that of enumeration, and that of compilation or tabulation.
According to the order of the Cuyahoga County board of election this website the test conducted May 16, 2014 at 9:30 a.m. in the Ballot Tabulation Center of the Cuyahoga County Board of Elections Warehouse, 1890 East 40th Street, Cleveland, OH 44103. The test is open to the public. Public Test of Vote Tabulation System (2014) automatic tabulating equipment will be tested to demonstrate the accuracy of the vote tabulation system.
According to “Kofoid” tabulation system developed by: Kofoid (1907b, c, 1909, 1911a) and employing four landmarks: the sulcus, the cingulum, the apex (usually determined by the apical pore complex), and the ant apex. The plates immediately anterior to the cingulum constitute the precingular series; the plates immediately posterior to the cingulum constitute the post Cingular series; the plates contacting the apical pore complex make up the apical series; and the plates in the region of the ant apex constitute the ant apical series.
Agjudgetayon –Automated pageant scoring and Tabulation System
According to Fedena MIT (2015) Automated pageant scoring and tabulation System Developed at the University of Northern Philippines for use in the Miss CCIT (College of Communication and Information Technology) Pageant and the University wide Miss UNP Pageant. Allows any number of judges to enter their scores for varying rounds throughout the pageant. Upon completing each round, and ultimately the pageant, PDF reports can be generated and printed the reports have lines for the judges to sign indicating that their scores are accurate. This ensures a complete paper trail of the final pageant results.
According to this website Sales@kazovision.com on Nov. (2014) basketball Scoring System they say “We are providing the professional basketball scoring and timing system”. The system includes: professional scoring software, referee controller, 24s shot clock, possession arrow screen, rebounds light, etc. We are also providing the extended systems, like Sports Live Video System, Sports Stats System, and Venues Advertising System. They can be combined together for a modern basketball game; our system has been used by FIBA games all over the world. It’s powerful and easy to use and maintain
According to Juperter Garland (2014) the Bid tabulations System showing bids received on a given bid request will be posted here. Click on the appropriate bid number to review that tabulation. Bid tabulations will remain posted for a year or until a new bid on the item/service is approved.
Android-based event tabulation system process and calculate the scores rendered by each users and provides a lesser time and effort in generating the event tabulation. The system helps a lot to the judges which are the one who process the scores in event. Tabulation system using application technology provides automating in terms of calculating the scores rendered by its user. Considering this an automated, it makes the work of the user fast, less paper work and less efficient.
The android-based event tabulation system for the college using application in enables the automatic calculation of the scores rendered by it user. Through this the changing time will not happen in the process is fast and accurate. The application tabulates the event of the scores of each category of every event.
The proposed tabulation system focuses on the calculation of scores in different category in the event providing efficient and reliable computation. Tabulation events using the application technology gives accurate reliable data study helps a lot of a user in this; the awareness of the user who process the events tabulation will be given an answer because of the Android-based event tabulation system for the college. The application provides accurate faster and efficient event tabulation.
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Construction Project Monitoring System Capstone Project
Purpose of the Project
The focus of this Capstone project is to improve the process of monitoring the status and updates of construction projects. The system will improve data storing and management. The system will provide calendar of activities which will help to improve the communication among the system users. Only the administrator can update data and manage the system.
Database Design
The given construction data are based on the given Normalized Form to be converted into an Entity Relationship Diagram that has an entity labelled Project having a corresponding attributes labelled Project Code (the primary key), Project Title, Project Manager and Project Budget that has a relationship with the Project Team labelled (has), with a corresponding attributes labelled Project Code (a Foreign Key, from entity Project), Employee No. (also a Foreign Key, from entity Employee), and Hourly Rate that also has a relationship with the Employee labelled (has) with the attributes labelled Employee No. which is the primary key of the entity Employee, Employee Name and Department Name (Foreign Key, primary key of entity labelled Department) that has a relationship with the entity labelled Department labelled (works) with a corresponding attributes labelled Department No. (primary key) and Department Name.
Therefore, given data’s of the Entity Relationship Diagram is all based on the information listed in the normalized form that requires to be reliable, updated, relevant and easily accessible in order to achieve the demand for information that requires new approaches in which data should be identified, collected, stored, retrieved, managed, analysed, communicated and presented in order to consider the complexities in developing, updating and processing data.
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Construction Project Monitoring System Entity Relationship Diagram
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, STUDIES, AND PRIOR ART SEARCH
This chapter contains the review of related literature of the proposed system which also consists of related studies. For further understanding of the study, the researchers made use of the different reading materials related to the proposed system. The materials are books, thesis, and other related website articles in addition to the knowledge of the researchers. These also guided the researchers to achieve the target objectives by getting ideas on other similar studies and make improvements as possible.
Related Literature
A GIS-based methodology for safe site selection of a building in a (hilly region)
According to Bansal(2011) suggested that the use of GIS for retrieving information from a database can assist architects or engineer in decision making. The use of GIS has already been explored in site selection; however, SSS using GIS has not been investigated in depth. Site selection of a building in hilly regions where topography plays a major role cannot be done without geospatial modelling and analysis capabilities that are available in GIS. (www.sciencedirect.com)
A web-based geographical project monitoring and information system for the road and highways
According to Anon (2016) the department of public Works and Highways is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for all the projects in the field of public works. It is responsible for the maintenance of the Philippine road network and irrigation system. DPWH is also responsible for collecting, storing, retrieving, managing, analysing and presenting the data to the public. Many development projects have serious dependence on transport network. Authentic information on the transport infrastructure is fundamental requirement for many decision making process. (www.sciencedirect.com)
AVALANCHE Mapping: GIS for Avalanche Studies and Snow
Science
According to Douglas Scott (2009) “almost all avalanche and snow-profile data observations have been recorded as hard copies with no digital spatial component”. Technology advances now make it possible to bring observations and data into a GIS for referencing, modelling, and sharing. Historical hand-drawn avalanche path data is converted to digital GIS data, then loaded into a database that can be related to the original hard-copy occurrence, snow profile, and weather data. These data layers can be displayed over other GIS base layers such as DEM, DRG, DOQ, NAIP, soils/geology, and vegetation cover. Then integration of real-time weather and snow-profile data can be added for analysis. Digital data-collection tools can load new data directly into the GIS database. Historical avalanche-path data consists of archived records, photographs, hard-copy mapping of starting zones, and the extent area of danger. (www.avalanchemapping.org)
GIS for Climate Change
According to Jack Dangermond et al (2010) reducing the risks caused by climate change is an immense challenge. Scientists, policy makers, developers, engineers, and many others have used geographic information system (GIS) technology to be better understanding the complex situation and offer some tangible solutions. A GIS-based framework helps us to gain a scientific understanding of earth systems at a truly global scale. Stopping deforestation and growing new forests, particularly in the tropics, are the easiest and fastest ways for society to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and mitigate global warming. GIS is the one of the key elements of the forest carbon monitoring systems needed by tropical developing countries to manage their forest. GIS systems are in place for forest monitoring, and they can also be used to established and maintain property rights and land tenure and to the economic development. (www.esri.com)
Using Geographic Information System to Match Local Health Needs with Public Health Services and Programs
According to Tamara Dubowitz (2011) Local health departments (LHDs) play an important role in ensuring essential public health services, such as monitoring community health, informing and educating the public, and developing policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. Geographic information system (GIS) technology offers a promising means for LHDs to locate community health needs, match them with services and programs, and ultimately identify any geographic gaps between areas of need and the reach of public health services. (www.gov.com)
Business Permit and Monitoring System
According to this site (www.inettutor.com) (2016) in local government units, Mayor’s Office is the regulating and monitoring division that assesses from small scale, medium and large scale businesses within the area of responsibility. Pertinent laws are implemented to regulate businesses and monitoring is regularly done by the office. However, there are still businesses that operate without proper permission from the authority. This problem is difficult to trace in the mayor’s office lists of businesses that are permitted and not permitted to operate due to the fact that their files are stored in a manual storage facilities. It also observed that, the office has a manual list of corresponding amount of fees per business. The use of Business Permit and Monitoring System with DSS alleviate these problems. With the system, it will twist and do a little change in processes of securing permits and monitoring businesses. Some features of the system such as registration of the businesses name, types of business and location; it also computes licenses fees. Storage facility will now become reliable and access of data and information will be easier. Moreover, the system can easily track or browse list of registered businesses that license is expired and about to be renewed. The system gives warning and notification for expired business licenses and automatically computes for fines. It has also a capability to compare data graphically, such as categories of business; small scale, medium scale and large scale and make comparisons so that decision makers will have an idea to better facilitate permitting and monitoring procedure. Once, installed and operational, it would be beneficial to the revenues of the city as well as to the business owners of the city. (www.inettutor.com)
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Construction Project Monitoring System Capstone Project
Developing a Geographic Information System for the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River
According to Shannon L. Thol (2016) Natural resources afforded by rivers and adjacent land areas have inherent spatial qualities that make them well suited for monitoring using geographic information systems (GIS). Such riparian areas are usually subject to certain spatial regulations and are often overseen by multiple authorities, further supporting the use of GIS in their management. The main goal of this project was to develop a GIS to support resource management at the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River (UPDE), a unit of the National Park Service and the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System that surrounds the northernmost stretch of the Delaware River in Pennsylvania and New York. A web-enabled GIS was created for use by Park Service personnel and their collaborators from the region. The system integrates natural resource data with information on land use regulations and zoning in a way that supports the “project review” process used to guide management activities at UPDE. A secondary goal of this project was to use the knowledge gained during system development to devise a framework for incorporating GIS into the routine management of riparian areas, especially at Wild and Scenic Partnership Rivers. This framework is a process-oriented outline intended to help personnel with little to no GIS experience design and develop a system that supports their resource management needs. UPDE’s GIS and the framework both have potential to promote effective and efficient management of riparian resources in the Upper Delaware region and beyond (www.gis.eeducation.psu.edu)
Prior Arts
GIS Application for Local Government Revenue Mobilization
According to Collins Fosu and George Ashiagbor (2016) “as part of decentralization reforms, many countries have devolved revenue and expenditures responsibilities to Local Government Authorities (LGAs). LGAs therefore, face the challenge of mobilizing appropriate level of revenue to enable effective service and infrastructure provision. To ensure effective execution of these statutory functions, the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) all over the world need to improve their Internal Revenue Mobilization”. The GIS technology can enhance revenue mobilization and describes comprehensively the functionalities of GIS Application, Local Government Revenue Mobilization System (LGRMS), developed for local authorities in Ghana for internal revenue mobilization. It gives detailed information of the developed functionalities of the application and the dependencies on GIS for effective local government revenue planning and mobilization. The paper clearly shows that an integrated GIS-Database technology tool is capable of providing a more efficient collection, tracking and management of Local Government revenue and other municipal fees. The development of the revenue system is implemented by the use of the system development life cycle. The system provides realistic information on the revenue potential of an assembly and automates the revenue mobilization processes. It has the ability to integrate and analyse a wide variety of information based on their spatial locations. It also supports a full range of business process on revenue mobilization ranging from, billing, license applications and renewals, permits issuance etc. and the tracking of the same. The menu driven GUI developed is user friendly and incorporates various spatial utility maps including education and health facilities and road network which will increase its acceptability and utilization among planners and decision-makers and is expected to increase the efficacy of revenue planning and budgeting. (www.researchgate.net)
Synthesis
Based on research, the above mentioned are existing studies similar to our research study. It has the ability to integrate and analyse a wide variety of information based on their spatial locations. The GIS provides a strong framework for managing these types of systems with full transaction support and reporting tools. Using GIS Mapping it is capable of providing more efficient collection of data, managing and tracking of building location.
Hotel Reservation and Billing System Database Design
Description:
The purpose of this article is to provide you with a sample database design in developing your own hotel reservation and billing system. The content includes the list of tables together with their respective entities and data types.
Objectives of the Study
The aim of the system is to design, develop and implement a hotel reservation with billing system that implements a normalized database structure and will replace the manual process of reservation and billing.
Specifically, the study will:
To automate the reservation process of the hotel.
To automate the process of billing.
To provide an accurate records and information for the customers.
Features of the System
Customer can also make a reservation through mobile application and website.
The hotel will have their own website and mobile application with the user-friendly interface wherein customers can easily book a room through mobile application giving them a more easy way and hustle free reservation.
After the reservation confirmed a notification message will be sent to the email address of the customer confirming that the reservation is successfully made, the notification will include details about the reservation.
Each customer can create account.
The system displays other services or add-ons offered by the hotel
The system will determine if the room is occupied or not
Cash on hand basis
Admin will be able to update the following info:
Company profile
Policies
Location
Contact details
Services offered
Manage the following:
Customers profile
Rooms (name of room, images)
Room types (name of room types, number of people allowed, price of room type)
Manage billing
Admin is allowed to approve and cancel online reservation
Database Design
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Hotel Reservation and Billing System Database Design
Description: billing table will store information such as the rate of the room, number of nights stay, number of persons, discount percentage and amount, total amount of bill and the user who processed the transaction.
Create Query:
CREATE TABLE `tblbilling` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`reservationid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`roomrate` double NOT NULL,
`numberOfnightstay` int(11) NOT NULL,
`numofpax` int(11) NOT NULL,
`discount` double NOT NULL,
`total` double NOT NULL,
`status` int(11) NOT NULL,
`processedby` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: tblcompanyinfo is the table where the users can update the information of the company such as the name, address, contact person/number and as well as the latitude and longitude of the hotel.
Create Query:
CREATE TABLE `tblcompanyinfo` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`companyname` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`address` varchar(150) NOT NULL,
`contact` varchar(11) NOT NULL,
`latitude` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`longitude` varchar(50) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
tblcustomer (id, fname, mname, lname, address, contact, email, company, designation, dateofbirth, username, password, status)
Description: customer table will store the basic information of the customers such as the name, contact, email, the desired user and password.
Create Query:
CREATE TABLE `tblcustomer` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`fname` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`mname` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`lname` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`address` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`contact` varchar(11) NOT NULL,
`email` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`company` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`designation` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`status` int(5) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: tblgallery is the table where the users of the system can add and update images in the gallery section and slideshow part of the website. The table includes the picture and the image description.
Create Query:
CREATE TABLE `tblgallery` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`picname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`picturedirectory` varchar(100) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
tblotherbilling (id, billingid, billname, rate)
Description: other billing table is intended for additional charges and it includes the billing id, the bill name and the rate of the charge.
Create Query:
CREATE TABLE `tblotherbilling` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`billingid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`billname` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`rate` double NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
tblpolicy (id, policyname, policydescription)
Description: the users of the system can also update the policy of the company and it will be stored in the tblpolicy.
Create Query:
CREATE TABLE `tblpolicy` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`policyname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`policydescription` varchar(150) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
tblreservation (id, roomid, customerid, datefrom, dateto)
Description: tblreservation is the table that stores the reservation details such as the customer info and the room information, it also includes the dates of reservation.
Create Query:
CREATE TABLE `tblreservation` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`roomid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`customerid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`datefrom` date NOT NULL,
`dateto` date NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: tbluser will store the information of the person who can access the system, such information includes the fullname, contact info, username and password.
Create Query:
CREATE TABLE `tbluser` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`fullname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`designation` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`contact` varchar(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
The hotel reservation system is available in Visual Basic, C# and PHP
Arduino Based Irrigation System Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER II
Related Literature and Studies
This chapter talks about the related literature, relevant studies and synthesis that could help us in developing the proposed system.
Foreign Studies
Ways of Israel that feeds the world
According to Abigael Klein Lehman (2012) stated that probably no other advancement has been quite as significant. While the concept of drip irrigation existed well before Israeli statehood, it was revolutionised by Israeli water engineering. Simcha Blass, who serendipitously discovered that a slow and balanced drip led to remarkable growth. He created tubing that slowly released water where it was most efficient and in 1965 Kibbutz Halperin built a whole new industry. Netafin, based on his invention. Just one recent example of how this method has impacted food supply in different families in Senegal to reap crops three times a year instead of just once even on infertile land.
The researcher learned that the farmer would detect if the soil is dry and the producer will release water from the machine throughout the pipes. Evaporation trimmed down and up to one-fourth of water used is saved, as compared to flood irrigation.
According to James G. Thomas (2014) stated that border irrigation is an old irrigation system used in the western part of a fresh, high bed or row. The depth of water flow is shallow and uniform down the bordered area. It is a system where a large volume of water was deposit in a defined edge or bay at the top of the field. Unlike rice/soybean rotations, flooding was used as an irrigation system for soybeans, the borders have a shallow, uniform water flow and can be used to irrigate soybeans or other crops when they are small; you do not have a danger submerge. Run the water until it reaches the end of the field or closer to the end so the entire border is watered out. The soil types of many of the field’s area often a cracking clay that helps distribute water. The cracks give a random distribution of the water and help disrupt the potential for channelling through the border.
Sustainable Management of Tank Irrigation Systems in India K.Palanisami
According to K. Palanisami (2011) stated that an irrigation tank is a small reservoir constructed across the slope of a valley to catch and store water during rainy season and use it for irrigation during the dry season. Tank irrigation systems also act as an alternative to pump projects, where energy availability, energy cost or ground-water supplies are constraints for pumping. The distribution of farmers receives inadequate of water from tanks. This system has a special significance to the limited and small-scale farmers who make an enormous number primarily depending on tank irrigation as these systems are less capital-intensive and have wider geographical distribution than large projects, it maintains levels of groundwater, and it is a cheap and traditional method of irrigation.
According to Prof. Belonio year (2011), stated the wind pump irrigation system is suitable either for individual, group of farmers, large corporate farms, or even government experiment stations. He said that the wind pump irrigation system is environment friendly. No manual operation during stormy periods and there is no risk of losing the machine even if it is installed and left in the field.
The researcher learned that the Farmers will benefit from using wind pump for irrigation purposes. It eliminates the use of imported fossil fuel which is generally expensive. Also, it ensures a year-round supply of, water especially during windy periods.
Water Supply for Rural Areas and Small Communities
According to Sebastian year (2015) stated that the water supply is the process of providing water in a systematic early through installed pumps and pipelines. Before water is provided to a specific area it undergoes approximately sanitation to ensure that the quality of water received is made for human consumption. The Philippines water supply system dates back to 1946 after the country achieved to independence government agencies.
Automated Irrigation System using thermoelectric generator as Soil Moisture Detector
According to the Researcher of DLSU (2013) stated that manual irrigation system do not promote water conservation that result to too much water or to small amount of water in the soil thus poor plant growth. Automated irrigation systems are capable of determining and maintaining the right amount water for the soil. Two TEG’S were used as the soil moisture sensors (one as the control and the other in the plant area) that produced voltage differentials proportional to the relative wetness or dryness of the compared to control the uses of thermoelectric generator as the soil moisture sensor that uses the temperature difference between the air and the soil as a basis for irrigation.
The researcher learned that the thermoelectric generator as a soil moisture requires relatively constant heat source and have slow technology progression and have limited applications. But irrigates according to the proper needs of the soil, thus, saving water consumption and improving water efficiency and use.
The research study is closely related to the present system wherein it discusses the importance of irrigation. It said that it is better to use an automated or electronic process than conventional method for irrigation. With the help of different related studies it gives the researcher an idea to enhance the system.
The following studies stated above help the researcher improve in analysing and developing the system different from the other existing system. It provides to build unique features which help not only for the rice field owner and farmers but also in the community as well.
Online Bus Dispatch and Scheduling System Database Design
Introduction
The project entitled Bus Dispatch and Scheduling System is an online platform design and develop in PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap.
Displays information for dispatching list of buses, time, information about tickets and other information about buses. Provides easy access to makes schedule for buses. Provides security and user privacy access. Displays the bus information (time arrival, bus number, time schedule, etc.).
Electronic reports on system, next bus, and list of buses will arrive that time, by bus number and bus arrival basis for decision-making.
Significance of the Study
The results of the study were deemed beneficial to the following:
Terminal In charge. They were able to monitor the buses’ record in an organized way as well as came up with decisions based on facts gathered by the system.
They were able to inquire and update obligations easily using one of the features of the developed system.
They were able to take their schedules for the arrival of their bus in the terminal. And also making their way to arrive on the exact time in the terminal.
They were able to check the information about the tickets if were given exactly to the passengers.
The passengers will now be able to view the schedule of trips online and using their smartphone.
View the schedule information in the bulletin board and in mobile app
The Online Bus Dispatch and Scheduling System will now produce an output which is the buses schedules (with time arrival, bus number, terminal Location of the bus).
Database Design (Database Schema)
tblbranch (branchid, branchlocation, dateadded)
Description: branch table will store information of the different bus stops or branch location.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblbranch` (
`branchid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`branchlocation` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`dateadded` varchar(100) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
tblbus (busid, busnumber, bustype, dateadded, istravelling)
Description: tblbus will store information of buses such as the bus number/plate number, bus type (aircon, non-aircon), and if the bus is on travel or no.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblbus` (
`busid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`busnumber` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`bustype` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`dateadded` date NOT NULL,
`istravelling` varchar(100) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
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Online Bus Dispatch and Scheduling System Bus Table
Description: schedule of trips will be stored in the tblschedule table, it includes the bus info, driver info, origin of location, the destination of the bus, departure time, estimated arrival time, the location of the bus, and the actual time of arrival in the destination.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblschedule` (
`scheduleid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`busid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`driverid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`originlocation` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`destinationlocation` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`departuretime` datetime NOT NULL,
`arrivaltime` datetime NOT NULL,
`terminallocation` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`status` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`statusoperation` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`arrivedatdestination` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`dateadded` datetime NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: users of the system will be the dispatchers and the administrators that has a full control on all of the features of the system.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tbluser` (
`userid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`branchid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`firstname` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`lastname` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`usertype` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`dateadded` varchar(100) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
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Online Bus Dispatch and Scheduling System Database Design
Flow of the System
Admin will encode first the following details
Drivers
Bus Info
Dispatcher
Then Admin will encode the schedule of trips
The dispatcher will then update the trip if that bus reaches the bus stop or terminal. Ex. if the bus stops at terminal 1 then the terminal Location will then update, and the viewers from other terminal will be able to see that the certain bus is at terminal 1.
Passengers
View the schedule information in the bulletin board
The Health Center Patient Information is a system that can be installed in a stand-alone computer and in local area networks.
With the use of the proposed, Health Center Patient Information every transaction will be automated and there will be fast response and efficient service given to the patients who will avail of the services in the health center.
Description: tblactivities will store information of the different scheduled activities of the health center, it includes the name of activity and the scheduled date.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblactivities` (
`activityid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`activityname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`date` date NOT NULL,
`dateencoded` date NOT NULL,
`encodedby` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: consultation table will store information of the patient/resident, it also includes the weight, temperature, blood pressure of the patient and the prescription given by the attending physician.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblconsultation` (
`consultationid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`patientid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`weight` float NOT NULL,
`temperature` float NOT NULL,
`bloodpressure` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`prescription` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`dateofconsultation` date NOT NULL,
`encodedby` int(11) NOT NULL,
`referredto` varchar(30) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: tblhealthcenterinfo is the table responsible for storing the information of health center such as the name of the center, address, contact person and the head of the office. The users of the system can update such information.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblhealthcenterinfo` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`healthcentername` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`address` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`contactinfo` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`officehead` varchar(30) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: illness information table will store the information of illnesses recorded in the consultation module, this is to simplify the encoding so that the users will not anymore type the illness and instead it will search the illness info recorded in this table.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblillnessinfo` (
`illnessid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`illnessname` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`symptoms` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`dateencoded` date NOT NULL,
`encodedby` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: the system can also store information of medicines such as the name of the medicine, it’s generic name and purpose/usage of the medicine.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblmedicine` (
`medicineid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`medicinename` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`genericname` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`purpose` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`dateencoded` date NOT NULL,
`encodedby` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: another core feature of the system is to monitor the inventory of medicine. Distribution of medicines are stored in the tblmedicinedispense, information includes the consultation id, medicine id, number or quantity of medicine distributed to the patient and the person encoded the transaction.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblmedicinedispense` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`consultationid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`medicineid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`quantity` int(11) NOT NULL,
`patientid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dateencoded` date NOT NULL,
`encodedby` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: the users of the system can also add and update the list of purok covered by their health center.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblpurok` (
`purokid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`purokname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`dateencoded` date NOT NULL,
`encodedby` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: tblresident is the table that stores the information of resident/patient, such information includes the name, age, gender, contact, occupation and others.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblresident` (
`residentid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`firstname` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`middlename` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`lastname` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`age` int(3) NOT NULL,
`gender` int(2) NOT NULL,
`purokid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dateofbirth` date NOT NULL,
`status` int(2) NOT NULL,
`nationality` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`occupation` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`dateencoded` date NOT NULL,
`encodedby` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: only authorized users can access and open the said system. for security and auditing purposes every table is connected to the tbluser which means that every transaction is recorded.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tbluser` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
`completename` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`contact` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`address` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`designation` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`status` varchar(15) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Description: this table is responsible for storing the login and logout time of the users.
Create Table SQL Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tbluserlog` (
`logid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`userid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`logintime` time NOT NULL,
`logouttime` time NOT NULL,
`date` date NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Development Tools:
The system is available in Visual Basic, C#, and web version (PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap)
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Health Center System Database Design Capstone Project
Expert testing
In this phase the health center personnel compared the developed Health Center Patient Information System to the present manual barangay health center recording/profiling system where they had been using it. And the experts rate our owned made user acceptance testing together with our questionnaire.
As the Health Center Patient Information System underwent examinations or testing in this phase we will know if the proposed system developed functioned well or work well, and or there is a bit changes of the system for improvement but depending upon the suggestion of the three IT experts if there is need to be improve or to add. In the evaluation of the Health Center Patient Information System, the developers had been used the McCall’s Software Quality Model for the assurance of the evaluation by the software expert. The interpretation is 3.97 it is mean GOOD.
Final Testing
The final testing instrument is categorized in two (2) the Ease to Use and the User interface. The respondents will be rating after the initial and the expert testing the developed proposed system and the interpretation is 4.57 it is mean Very Good.
After the series of testing and evaluating the system by the three (3) IT experts, the system was prepared for the final testing to check the features and its function of the Health Center Patient Information System.To meet the users expectation, thus the system work correctly/accurately and accordingly.
User Acceptance/Final Testing Phase
This is the phase, where the Health Center Patient Information System was be installed and maintained after the actual implementation. For the proper installation of the Health Center Patient Information System, one must take consideration the hardware and software requirements were considered. Similarly, this was also the stage where the supports about the software were provided. The clients/users was required to have a training to enable to them familiarize fully the whole system and how to operate the system properly.
Integration and System Testing Phase
This is the phase where the Health Center Patient Information System was integrated and tested after it was implemented and undergone testing to the intended users. It informs the developer if there are any suggestions, errors, and if the systems functionality worked well.
Operation and Maintenance Phase
This is where the operations and maintaining the system happens; this will be the time that all errors are corrected, weak areas are pointed out to be strengthened as well as security issues. These problems arise after the system has been tested by the practical users so the issues related to the system can be solved and upgraded for efficient and effectiveness of the system.
Alumni Information System Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of the related literature and studies that will enable the researchers to acquire basic information and references in the present study. The researchers cited important facts that would support the significance and relevance to the development of Alumni Information System.
RELATED LITERATURE
Online Alumni Tracking System
An Online Alumni Tracking System is an example of web application which is under the information systems. It helps an academic institution in tracking its alumni. Also, it helps the alumni to communicate with the institution through the use of the internet. It also helps the alumni to get updated with the latest news and upcoming events of the institution. This application can easily be accessed through the use of the internet which will be very useful to the alumni because they can keep in touch with the institution even if they do not visit the school. This application can be very useful especially to those alumni who are now living abroad because they can still get connected with their fellowmen and the institution. This application is also useful because it can make transactions and process paperless.
Nowadays, computers have infiltrated all the aspects of our society. The computer is most likely one of the great technological mechanism for future change. It can now simply make our works easier and lighter. With this great thing it won’t be more useful without the computer’s software. Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.
Alumni Information System Review of Related Literature
Advantages of Computer-Based Information Systems
According to Davies (2013) over the past several decades computer revolutionized business efficiency by automating calculations used in transactions and managing accounts. But the advantages of computers in organizations are now going beyond efficiency of tasks, as these powerful devices continue to change the way we do business. Stay ahead of the curve and take advantage of the latest developments in computer-based information systems. He also added that without computers you customers can contact you through phone, fax or postal mail, or by walking in the door. With computers, they can reach you through email, Facebook and other social media sites and your website. They can comment on your blog and complete your customer surveys. Being in contact with your customers helps you learn what you’re doing right, what you should improve, and what they want. This ease of interaction is likely to increase as more people begin to use mobile devices to access the Internet.
The abovementioned concepts are relevant to the present study. The researchers believe that these concepts indicate that the use of an Alumni Information System will really greatly help the school in gathering information of the whereabouts of their graduates.
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY
Information Systems
Information Systems is a unique and innovative program in Carnegie Mellon’s Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences. Students completing the program will be well grounded in the fundamentals of organization theory, decision making, teamwork and leadership, and research methods as well as current and emerging information systems technologies. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, we prepare students to participate in emerging opportunities in software systems and services, wherever they may be. Building on our solid educational core, we encourage students to learn more about world cultures and business through study of global systems development cross cultural communications, history, and languages
(http://www.cmu.edu/information-systems)
Features of an Alumni Information System
According to Webaloo (2007) an alumni builders systems features includes the following: Alumni class page- a directory of alumni names by class year with links to individual profiles and email addresses; Alumni Profile – is controlled by individual users and displays only the information that he/she wants to display; Alumni Search – allows the users to search by name, class, occupation, address, etc.; Alumni Forum – offers alumni a way to stay in touch with classmates and friends form other graduation years; Alumni Notes – allows classmates to communicate by posting on a notes page; Secure Log-in – use to block sensitive alumni information from other school constituents; Profile Change Report – allows the school to keep track of the personal information that alumni can update; and Missing Alumni Page – helps the school reconnect with graduates whose personal information is outdated.
(http://webdesign.webaloo.com/alumni_system.aspx)
Alumni Portal
According to Goodwin College (2012) the use of Alumni Portal will keep the alumni administrators updated and to keep in the know! The Alumni Portal has been activated so that you can: Update your contact information in order to receive important communication and invitations to events and programs from the Alumni Association; Notify us of a new job or job change, family additions or other news; Access College Central Network to search for jobs, post your resume, access informative career related documents, videos, podcasts and much more; Browse the events calendar for upcoming happenings; Search for classmates, students and faculty and staff; View course and grade history; and access your 1098-T.
Web-based Alumni Information System of West Negros University
The web-based Alumni Information System of West Negros University (2010) is capable of gathering information of all the alumni using the web application form. The system helps the administrator, alumni personnel and even the public relation office in maintaining the data and can easily send and display information for all concerns. The system is internet-based that can access all online portals and connect to all networks that enable to collect all the data as needed by the university particularly by the alumni office. The system is also a social network that provides space for chatting, forum blog and photo gallery functions.
(http://wnucict.wordpress.com)
On Student Information
In the study conducted by Agudera and Mendiola (2013) the implementation of Alumni Information System, the system will be secured, the process in having the student information will become faster, and accurate generating reports. The system will secure student files using the log-in log-out form for the unauthorized users. The developers design the interface so the users will understand the system easily and use the Microsoft Access for database to store important information. The system will help a school to be well-organized.
(Agudera and Mendiola, 2013)
UMT Alumni Information System
The role of information system can’t be ignored doing things faster, doing things better, and doing thinks smarter these all traits are possible just because of two words, Information system. Alumni information system is one of the examples of information system. To get contact with the old students and to provide the assistance to this old student for their future progress in all field of life and maintain the record of the students. Following core aims and objective can describe the real need of the AIS. The aims and objectives of UMT Alumni information system are to encourage alumni to maintain links with the University and with each other, in order: to promote more effectively the welfare and interests of the University and its alumni; to support the University’s aims and objectives and uphold its reputation as an ambassadors of the University; to establish mutually beneficial relationship between the University and its alumni and to bind the alumni more closely together; to assist in developing financial and other resources for the University and the Alumni Association; to develop linkages for mutual benefit (such as research) with other professional alumni bodies, and to remain the part of the university even after the study.
The existing study stated above shows that alumni information system contributes to a good relationship between them and the school. The existing studies designs and implementations get involved the web as well as the Online Alumni Information System however our system informs only the alumni of the college and enable them to interact with each other. It also provides career service opportunities to all the graduates of the college.
Dental and Clinic Information System Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEM
This chapter presents the list of related literatures, studies and systems that will serve as a guide for the researchers/developers to develop the dental and clinic information system
Related Literature
“ELECTRONIC DENTAL RECORD USE AND CLINICAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PATTERNS AMONG PRACTITIONER-INVESTIGATORS IN THE DENTAL PRACTICE-BASED RESEARCH NETWORK” (Titus Schleyer, et al.)
Results
According to the study, a total of 729 (73.6 percent) of 991 P-Is responded. A total of 73.8 percent of U.S. solo practitioners and 78.7 percent of group practitioners used a computer to manage some patient information, and 14.3 percent and 15.9 percent, respectively, managed all patient information on a computer. U.S. practitioners stored appointments, treatment plans, completed treatment and images electronically most frequently, and the periodontal charting, diagnosis, medical history, progress notes and the chief complaint least frequently. More than 90 percent of Scandinavian practitioners stored all information electronically. A total of 50.8 percent of all P-Is, were willing to reuse EDR data for research, and 63.1 percent preferred electronic forms for data collection.
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Dental and Clinic Information System Review of Related Literature
Review of Related Study
“THE ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD AND THE FUTURE OF DENTISTRY”
According to Bruce Lieberthal, DDS, director of Product Management for Henry Schein Practice Solutions the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is an integral part of the medical standard of care—today and in the future. EMR is sometimes referred to as Electronic Dental Record (EDR) or Electronic Health Record (EHR). This key feature guides you through clinical record-keeping in a standard SOAP format (subjective, objective, assessment, plan). It allows key patient information to be centralized— demographic, medical/dental, social and financial— all within your practice management software. EMR eliminates multiple paper charts and provides controlled, secure and instant digital access to comprehensive information. Some EMRs incorporate a range of supporting technologies to become a fully integrated component of the practice management software, thereby allowing even more access to vital information at the point of care. This information is accessible from any secure workstation, so there are no interruptions during the patient visit to retrieve information. Everything is at your fingertips.
The Evolution of EMR
EMR has evolved from just an idea in the 1960s into a technical application that is changing the way the medical and dental fields operate. Increasingly the EMR is viewed as a mechanism to address patient safety issues and the storage, transfer and security of medical information. HIPAA compliance is paramount to the successful implementation and adaptation of EMR. Government regulations and public policy indicate that the adaptation and implementation of Health Information Technology (HIT) set the foundation for healthcare reform. Leading the way for reform is EMR’s universal use. The Department of Health and Human Services projects that the majority of Americans will have an electronic medical record by 2014; the federal government is also set to make EMR a mandated practice in health care sometime between 2011 and 2014.
“HISTORY OF MEDICAL/ELECTRONIC RECORD KEEPING”
Base on the author of www.krm.com/aaoms, historically the patient medical record has required significant time to complete and has been almost exclusively on paper. This paper-based diary has logged medical events as they occur, along with patient data in various charts and forms. In the 1960s, a physician named Dr. Lawrence L. Weed first described the concept of computerized, or electronic medical records. Weed described a system to automate and reorganize patient medical records to enhance their utilization and thereby lead to improved patient care. Dr. Weed’s work formed the basis of the PROMIS project, started in 1967 at the University of Vermont; it was collaboration among physicians and information technology experts, to develop an automated EMR system. The objectives were to develop a system that would provide timely and sequential patient data to the physician, and enable the rapid collection of data for epidemiological studies, medical audits and business audits. The group’s efforts led to the development of the Problem-Oriented Medical Record, or POMR. In 1970, the POMR was used in a medical ward of the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont for the first time. At this time, touch screen technology had been incorporated into data entry procedures. Over the next few years, drug information elements were added to the core program, allowing physicians to check for drug actions and interactions, dosages, side effects, and allergies. Diagnostic and treatment plans for over 600 common medical problems were also devised. During the 1970s and 1980s, various academic and research institutions refined electronic medical record systems. The Technicon system was hospital-based, and Harvard’s COSTAR system had records for ambulatory care. The HELP system and Duke’s “The Medical Record” are examples of early inpatient care systems. Indiana’s Regenstrief record was among the earliest combined inpatient and outpatient systems. During the technical boom of the 1990s, advancements in computer and diagnostic applications helped spur the growth of electronic medical record systems in medical practices.
“Electronic Patient Records for Dental School Clinics: More Than Paperless Systems”
(Jane C. Atkinson, D.D.S.; Gregory G. Zeller, D.D.S., M.S.; Chhaya Shah, B.A.)
The Electronic Patient Record (EPR) or “computer-based medical record” is defined by thePatient Record Institute as “a repository for patient information with one health-care enterprise that is supported by digital computer input and integrated with other information sources.” The information technology revolution coupled with everyday use of computers in clinical dentistry has created new demand for electronic patient records. The benefits, particularly for large clinical institutions, are obvious: improved record control, easier document storage and access, better information for clinic management, and excellent data for evaluation of overall patient care. Ultimately, the EPR should improve health care quality. The major short-term disadvantage is cost, including software, equipment, training, and personnel time involved in the associated business process re-engineering. A recent estimate from the Council on Competitiveness is that the full cost of implementing a fully integrated health information system is 7.5 to 13.5 percent of a clinic’s annual budgeted revenues. That percentage may be higher for a typical dental school clinic in which true operating costs grossly exceed yearly revenues.
“Abbreviated History of Electronic Patient Records in Medicine”
According to this study, one of the biggest challenges for developers of electronic medical records is the integration of narratives (all qualitative and semi-quantitative data gathered by physicians). Ideally, the EPR should integrate descriptive clinical notes, dictated summaries, letters to referring professionals, progress and procedure notes (including operative notes), and supporting reports from pathology and clinical laboratories. This process is much more complicated when the data is narrative text rather than categorized as a data element. The development of the EPR started in the late 1960s.Early systems such as the Problem-Oriented Medical Information System (PROMIS) from the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont structured the record according to a patient problem list using a SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) format. The system guided physicians through a structured eight-step format, which users complained was dogmatic. This problem ultimately led to the demiseof the system.
Dental and Clinic Information System Graphical Report
Synthesis
Due to manual process, some significant errors cannot be avoided. The automation of medical and dental records is a kind of system that will help to alleviate the said problems and increases performance of medical personnel. It provides guidance and support decision to prevent errors and effectiveness of services. This system can also provide easy data retrieval, record keeping, a quarterly and annual graphical report of health record report that is needed for decision making and a real time records for the management. With the presented literatures and studies together with the implementation of this system could help the dental and medical clinic of the institution for this could assist the organization to make new involvement and health programs that give exact and valuable services that are system supported decisions.
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Activity Attendance System Review of Related Literature
RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEMS
Chapter two includes the related literature and studies for Activity Attendance System.
The attendance system can help the user and its client to fasten their transactions about the student’s attendance in every school activities.
RELATED STUDY
Local
Events Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometrics and SMS
The Institute of Information and Communication Technology of Isabela State University Echague Campus is now facing problems with regards to monitoring the attendance of the students during school’s activities. Most of the time students are required to attend to all activities as required by the university and the institute itself. But as early days experience until today, the student body organization is having a hard time to monitor the attendance of the students.
The presidents of each class require students to sign their names on a piece of paper as a proof of their attendance in a particular activity prior to start the program/activity. The queues of students in the registration area cause the delay and reliability of monitoring the attendance.
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Activity Attendance System Review of Related Literature
Miscommunication is another problem of the student body organization of the IICT. Students complain that why they are marked absent since they were not informed about the activity.
Another problem that the student body organization is facing now is the consolidation of the report of the attendance of the students. During the signing of the clearance many students complains that they are marked absent although they are present during the activity and vice versa.
Due to the unreliable reports of attendance monitoring and unreliable monitoring of student’s attendance the researcher were able to come up with a solution to solve the problems the development of Event Monitoring System Using Biometric with SMS.
Student Attendance Monitoring and Identification System Using Barcode and SMS
Management team in school whether primary and secondary school use less computerized system in their management. Most of the schools in Isulan, Sultan Kudarat are using a manual process to monitor the student’s attendance. In a manual system, teachers will take and write down the student’s daily attendance in the record book, then at the end of the month the teacher is responsible to update the record by calculating the percentage of student’s attendance. This showed that the manual system is not strict and the student does not pay much attention to the attendance. Parents also do not know either their children come to school or not. They only know when the report card is given to them, twice a year.
Nowadays, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) brings a tremendous new technology to change and ease the management to get the information in a more systematic and efficient way.
Because of that, a computerized system that will be named Student Attendance Monitoring & Identification System using Barcode & SMS of INHS(Study on SMS Application) system has been proposed to be developed and implemented for management team in school. The target of this system is to monitor the daily student attendance and to inform parents about the attendance of their children.
This system will be fully computerized and also apply a new communication technology called SMS. All of the daily students’ attendance will be saved in a specific database. When the student log-on by swiping their school ID on the system, it will automatically generate a message that will be sent to the hand phone via SMS.
Hopefully with this system, the student discipline problems will be zero defects in attendance context and the parents will be informed if the student escapes in school. This system also will make the school management system to be more systematic, efficient and smoothly processed.
Bar Code Scanner Based Student Attendance System (SAS)
Student attendance play significant role in order to justify academic outcome of a student and school as overall. Unfortunately, there is no automated attendance record keeping application available in Malaysia’s secondary schools. A preliminary study has been conducted in one of secondary schools in Selangor, Malaysia in order to understand the manual attendance record keeping process. Through interview session, Student Attendance System (SAS) development team, have identified that teachers and school management face problems in recording and managing attendance of their students. Therefore, SAS has been proposed and developed. Need for a tool to systematically keep the students attendance record increased due to increasing number of school students. Upon completion of SAS, user acceptance testing conducted among potential end users. Result of UAT shows most of the user satisfied with the system with some minor changes required.
RELATED LITERATURE
Aquilan (2004) made a comparable thesis on the automation of time attendance that records the time in and time out of every employee using Key card system. It tends to eliminate the manual recording system of time and attendance and also include salary computation of each employee based on the time and attendance reports. Ramon Faloran (2005) wrote in the article “The Computer Edge of the New Employment and Opportunities “in the Philippine Daily Inquirer. He stated that computer gives you a different feeling about what is happening in the company. Business will be highly competitive and innovative because the computer provides instant information. Study by Cantoma (2004) in her thesis entitled “Computer Library System for St. James Academy” stated that, in manual system in retrieving, maintaining security and piling records take place because of the years gone by. Furthermore, these files were only kept in envelopes and folders in wooden rocks.
The research studies are closely related to the present system wherein it discusses the importance of the attendance system. It said that it is better to use an automated process than conventional method for attendance. With the help of different related studies it gives the researcher an idea to enhance the system.
The following studies stated above help the researcher improve in analyzing and developing the system different from the other existing system. It provides to build unique features which help the administration to improve their monitoring of activity attendance.
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This article will give you an idea and example on the different tables involved in the development of a grading system.
General Objectives
This study aims to improve the manual submission of grades to the Registrar’s office and as well as to allow the students to view their grades. The proposed Grading System will be secured and reliable in keeping the records. It will also minimize the workloads will be fast and convenient.
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Grading System Database Model and Design
Specific Objectives
The main purpose of the study is to:
Provide a computerized record keeping of grades of students
Provide a feature that could easily search and locate the college students’ grades
Provide data security.
Provide an automated system that will let the student easily access their grades by using their school I.D. via Barcode.
Database Model and Design
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Grading System List of Database Tables
tblclass (class_id, yearlevel_id, classname)
Table Description: class table will store information of the different class sections which includes the year level and the classname.
Table Description: information of the faculty members such as the faculty id number, fullname, username and password used to access the system will be stored in the tblfaculty table.
SQL Create Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblfaculty` (
`faculty_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`facultyno ` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`fname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`mname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`lname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`course_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`faculty_level` int(1) NOT NULL,
`created` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`faculty_id`),
UNIQUE KEY `facNo` (`facNo`),
KEY `course_id` (`course_id`),
CONSTRAINT `tbl_fac_course_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `tblcourse` (`course_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
tblfacultysubject (faculty_subject_id, faculty_id, subject_id)
Table Description: loading of faculty subjects will be stored in the tblfacultysubject. The table has two foreign keys; the faculty_id which is connected to the tblfaculty table and the subject_id that is connected to the tblsubject table.
Table Description: student information such as the id number of each student, fullname, course, year level, username and password to access the system and view grades are the information that will be stored in the tblstudent table.
SQL Create Statement:
CREATE TABLE `tblstudent` (
`student_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`studentidno` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`student_fname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`student_mname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`student_lname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`course_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`yearlevel_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`class_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`created` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`student_id`),
UNIQUE KEY `studentIdNo` (`studentIdNo`),
KEY `course_id` (`course_id`,`yearlevel_id`),
KEY `class_id` (`class_id`),
KEY `tbl_year_fk` (`yearlevel_id`),
CONSTRAINT `tbl_class_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `tblclass` (`class_id`),
CONSTRAINT `tbl_course_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `tblcourse` (`course_id`),
CONSTRAINT `tbl_year_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`yearlevel_id`) REFERENCES `tblyearlevel` (`yearlevel_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
tblstudentgrade (studentgrade_id, student_id, subject_id, faculty_id, course_id, schoolyear_id, prelim, midterm, final, finalgrade remarks)
Table Description: grades of the students will be stored in the tblstudentgrade.
Educational Science Game Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEM
Many articles have been published in the last 20 years on video games for learning, and several reviews of the literature on educational games have been completed within the last few years. However, these reviews focused on literature that addressed what players learn from video games rather than how video games can be designed to facilitate learning. This review focuses on publications addressing educational video game design, seeking to identify elements of game design that promote learning as well as the learning theories that conceptualize how video games foster learning.
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Educational Science Game Review of Related Literature
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Educational Games
According to en.Wikipedia.org (2012) Games often have a fantasy element that engages players in a learning activity through narrative or storylines. Educational video games can motivate children and allow them to develop an awareness of consequentiality. Children are allowed to express themselves as individuals while learning and engaging in social issues. Students that participate in educational video games can offer deeper, more meaningful insights in all academic areas. Experience with and affinity for games as learning tools is an increasingly universal characteristic among those entering higher education and the workforce. Game-based learning is an expansive category, ranging from simple paper-and-pencil games like word searches all the way up to complex games. The use of collaborative game-based role-play for learning provides an opportunity for learners to apply acquired knowledge and to experiment and get feedback in the form of consequences or rewards.
The abovementioned concepts on the background and importance of Computer Games in the learning process are relevant to the present study because these serve as foundation in the development of computer learning game that will motivate students in learning Science.
Benefits of Computer Games to Learners
According to Educationscotland.gov.uk (2012) there a number of different types of computer game that can be successfully used within a classroom environment to enhance the learning experience. Some commercially available games provide rich, immersive environments to centre learning around. Others provide learners with one-to-one interaction and feedback on specific subject areas. However, in order for game based learning projects to be successful, it requires sound pedagogy from the teacher and support from the school leadership. While the planning of such projects may seem daunting at first, the benefits are clear. These benefits include: motivating learners to succeed and to continually improve; fostering self-esteem, self-determination and enhancing self-image; facilitating collaborative learning; implicitly developing learners ability to observe, question, hypothesis and test; facilitating metacognitive reflection; developing complex problem-solving skills; making school an exciting place to be offering inroads into other curricular areas; and sharing practice features that show how games have enhanced learning in the classroom.
The foregoing article published by Educationscotland.gov.uk on the benefits of computer games in learning serves as bases in the major concerns of the study and guides the researchers in the formulation of the objectives of this capstone project.
Computer Gaming Effects on Academic Performance
Aldous (2012) stated that most games do not teach kids math, history and other subjects, however, they do provide students indirect opportunities to learn principles that can help them in their academic pursuits. Certain types of video games can help train kids to follow instructions as well as helping them develop their problem solving and logical thought processes. These skills translate directly to the classroom as students are asked by teachers to complete tasks and are presented problems that require them to use logical problem solving skills. Kids can also learn inductive reasoning and hypothesis testing. Games will often present them with a situation that needs to be solved and this causes the kids to have to develop problem-solving techniques.
The study presented by Aldous had given the present project relevant information particularly on the effects of computer games in the improvement of the student’s academic performance where students also learn inductive reasoning and hypothesis testing. Important features were integrated into the system to motivate the interest of the students in learning the subject.
REVIEW OF RELATED SYSTEM
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Educational Science Game User Interface
Computer Game-based Learning
In a study conducted by Whitton (2007) to examine the motivational potential of using computer game-based learning with students in Higher Education results indicate that a not all individuals find computer games-based learning to be motivational. Nevertheless, this is not to say that games should not be used in teaching. The rationale for using games to teach must be that they can embody sound educational principles and have the potential to create experiential, immersive and engaging, problem-based learning experiences that appropriately map the curriculum. If a game is perceived as being the most effective way to learn something then students will be motivated to use it to learn, not simply because it is a game. It is important therefore that games-based learning applications are designed for the learning context and outcomes.
The study presented by Whitton had a great impact on the present study, particularly on the design and development of the developed system. This gives the researchers basis on the games-based learning applications are which designed for the learning context and outcomes of Science.
Effects of Computer Game on Students’ Achievement
Bai (2010) examined the effects of a computer game on students’ mathematics achievement and motivation, and the role of prior mathematics knowledge, computer skill, and English language skill on their achievement and motivation as they played the game. A total of 193 students and 10 teachers participated in this study. The teachers were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. A mixed method of quantitative and interviews were used with Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance to analyze the data. The results indicated significant improvement of the achievement of the experimental versus control group. No significant improvement was found in the motivation of the groups. Students who played the games in their classrooms and school labs reported greater motivation compared to the ones who played the games only in the school labs. Prior knowledge, computer and English language skill did not play significant roles in achievement and motivation of the experimental group.
This study has significance to the researcher’s study because in the different areas of Mathematics, Computer, and English, students are expected to understand the basic concepts and be able to solve complex problems.
Impact of Digital Game-based Learning on Educational Effectiveness and Student Motivation
The study conducted by Papastergiou (2009) aimed to assess the learning effectiveness and motivational appeal of a computer game for learning computer memory concepts, which was designed according to the curricular objectives and the subject matter of the Greek high school Computer Science (CS) curriculum, as compared to a similar application, encompassing identical learning objectives and content but lacking the gaming aspect. Data analyses showed that the gaming approach was both more effective in promoting students’ knowledge of computer memory concepts and more motivational than the non-gaming approach. The results suggest that within high school CS, educational computer games can be exploited as effective and motivational learning environments, regardless of students’ gender.
Papastergiou had concluded in his study that Digital Game-based Learning is an effective learning tool in the classroom. Such findings will guide the researchers in the development of Fun and Learning Game in Science. Also, the researchers believe that the developed system could really contribute to the improvement of students’ learning performance.
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Library Management System Review of Related Literature and Studies
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter includes related literature and studies with regards to Library Management System. Below are following Foreign and Local Related Literature and Studies.
A computerized library system for a school keeps track of all books and periodicals in the library and their check-out status. The library system also interfaces with an external relational database which stores information about the library users (students, faculty, and staff), including whether they have any library items checked out. Library users can access the catalog and recall books and periodicals. Library employees have the same access as well as additional capabilities (e.g., listing the status of an item). (www.cs.missouri.edu)
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Library Management System Review of Related Literature and Studies
Foreign Related Literature
Central Library
The central Library which is called as mkce central Library, is one of the best equipped library in terms of facilities, books, back volumes, journals and non-book materials like CD’s, Audio cassettes etc… is functioning in mkce Campus in Thalavapalayam, Karur.
The Library started its service on 2000 as a part of mkce.The fully computerized Library Information Systems helps the staff and students tremendously in day-to-day operations.
The Library uses LIPS-i-NET software system with barcode scanning facility. Every document in the Library bears a barcode tag that is used for its circulation.
Similarly, all categories of users have a bar-coded identity card.
This puts it on par with the best modern libraries in keeping track of issues and returns in a foolproof manner. An Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) is available in the Library for searching of Library resources.
The Library follows open access system, encouraging the user to browse freely in the stack area.( http://www.mkce.ac)
Integrated Library Systems. ERIC Digest.
An automated library system usually consists of a number of functional modules, such as acquisitions, circulation, cataloging, serials, and an OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog). An “integrated” library system is an automated system, as described above, in which all of the functional modules share a common bibliographic database. The National Library of Medicine used the term “integrated” in referring to a system in which all automated library functions are processed against a single, master bibliographic file (Goldstein & Dick, 1980). Genaway (1984) expanded the definition and described the integrated online library system (IOLS) as “a library system that uses a common machine-readable database and has two or more subsystems operational and accessible online” (p.4).
In a system which is not integrated, there might be a bibliographic record in the catalog for a book and, if that book were to be checked out, there would be another bibliographic record for it in a circulation file. In an integrated system, there would be one bibliographic record for a book, probably created when the book was ordered, then expanded when it was cataloged. If that book were to be checked out, the patron record for the borrower would be attached to the bibliographic record, but there would not be a duplicate bibliographic record for the book in a circulation file. There are some systems which have duplicate bibliographic records but which are considered to be integrated because changes to bibliographic records are automatically propagated. For example, a change made to a bibliographic record in the acquisitions file would automatically be made to the duplicate bibliographic record in the catalog. In these quasi-integrated systems, movement between the modules and their duplicate files is facilitated by some type of linking mechanism. (http://www.mkce.ac)
Advantages of an Integrated System
An integrated system is superior in several ways to one which is not integrated. The duplication of effort to create and maintain multiple copies of bibliographic records is eliminated in an integrated system. Opportunities for errors are reduced when records are entered only once, and changes are automatically propagated throughout the system. Library staff and patrons can have access to all pertinent information at one location. For example, in an integrated system, a patron can view a bibliographic record in the online catalog and also see that the book has been checked out and when it is due back to the library. Of course, privacy of borrowers can be protected by preventing patrons from viewing borrower information. Also, patrons can tell by looking at the online catalog, in an integrated system, that a book has been ordered, but not yet received. In a system which is not integrated, that information would be available to library staff only through the acquisitions module. (http://www.mkce.ac)
Implementation and Management issues
Just as important as, or perhaps more important than, selecting the right system is the process of implementing that system in the library and dealing with the associated management issues. As described above, one of the main features and advantages of an integrated system is the sharing of bibliographic records among the various system modules. This single feature can have far reaching implications for the management of the library. Some organizational changes which have accompanied the implementation of integrated systems include:
new patterns of communication among library staff, especially between technical services staff and public services staff;
increases in responsibility and decision making among lower level staff; and
increased requirements for all staff to acquire technical knowledge and skills.
Many libraries have redesigned their operations to take maximum advantage of the new technology. (http://www.mkce.ac)
Future Trends in Integrated Library Systems
The definition of an integrated system is beginning to change from a system which shares bibliographic records among local functions and modules to a system which exchanges information with many other systems outside of the library. Technological developments, such as client/server architectures and standardized protocols for passing information from one system to another, are facilitating this integration of outside information sources into local systems. For example, an online ordering system might allow a librarian to search a publisher’s bibliographic database, select records of books to be purchased, and download those records from the publisher’s database into the library catalog. Also, some libraries with expanded integrated systems offer patrons access, through their local OPACs, to other bibliographic and non-bibliographic databases both inside and outside the library and to OPACs of other libraries. (http://www.mkce.ac)
Automation for the School Library Media Center. ERIC Digest.
The thousands of school library media centers (LMCs) across the country that have automated their collection management operations have found that performance of routine tasks by staff and access to information by students and faculty have become a great deal faster and easier. Automation often begins with microcomputer-based circulation and online catalog systems, but the available capabilities and the potential for expansion extend far beyond these basic functions. This digest will focus on initial considerations for implementing an automated facility. (http://www.mkce.ac)
Basic Options
Automated systems are available for four basic management functions:
The CIRCULATION SYSTEM tracks the status of all LMC materials that circulate. It allows fast entry of borrowed items and easy identification of overdue accounts through records of all patrons. It prints overdue notices and establishes waiting or hold lists.
The ONLINE CATALOG provides instant access to catalog records as well as inventory data and brief acquisitions records via powerful interactive searching and help capabilities. It allows browsing as well as keyword searches on author, title, subject and other fields such as notes and copyright. Boolean logic can be used for complex searches. Searching is assisted by help menus, prompts, mouse pointing devices, and visual or audio tutors. The online catalog may contain other types of databases, such as journal indexes, and it may allow remote access from classroom, office, or home. The online catalog also contains a cataloging component to assist in developing MARC (machine-readable cataloging) records.
The ACQUISITIONS SYSTEM manages ordering functions, from entering order data through claiming items ordered but not received. It maintains financial records and publisher lists. It allows instant entry of records for newly acquired books with catalog records on disk or bar codes (sometimes these catalog records are part of the catalog module). Brief acquisitions records may be downloaded into the circulation system.
SERIALS CHECK-IN maintains records of journals, magazines, and other items received periodically. It tracks publication dates, maintains financial records, and generates claim notices for late items.
The software for these systems is designed for ease of data entry and flexibility in searching. Once the databases are set up, LMC staff can quickly enter updates and generate inventories and reports on collection use, overdues, and budgets. (http://www.mkce.ac)
Local Related Literature
DLSU Library System Services
The Systems Services (SS) unit is responsible for the development, implementation, and maintenance of the computerization and information technology plans and programs of the DLSU Library. It oversees the day-to-day administration of the different computer hardware and software facilities, operations and applications that are essential in the delivery of automated library services. It works closely with the Information Technology Center (ITC) of the university in the provision of computer and network facilities and services that respond to IT requirement of the library. (http://www.mmsu.edu)
University Library System (ULS)
Background Information
The establishment of the University Library System since 1980 is one of the most significant achievements of the Universities development programs. Today, the library has improved tremendously in terms of organization, quality of personnel, materials, facilities and services. It is some kind of a phenomenon none like it before in this part of the country definitely contributing awe and respect to the stature an aura of excellence of the University. Such trend of development is clearly, though not yet sufficiently, in accordance with the obsession of no other than former President of the Republic, Ferdinand E. Marcos when he said:
“It is true that there are other systems of information or carriers or vehicles, but the traditional and most permanent one is the library with its shelves of books and audio-visual materials. We, in the third world believe that development cannot be achieved without parallel development of libraries and information systems.”
The library system contributes to the attainment of the goals of MMSU by providing the reference and reading materials required in the various phases of the programs implemented by the University. It is a place for work and study, thus, it becomes a part of the way of life of the universities constituents and the members of the general public who use its services. (http://www.mmsu.edu)
Foreign Related Studies
Feasibility Study for an Automated Library System
This study was initiated by the Newfoundland Public Library Services (NPLS) to assess the feasibility of automation for the library services and to determine the viability of an integrated automated library system for the NPLS. The study addresses the needs of NPLS in terms of library automation; benefits to be achieved through the introduction of automation; automation requirements and costs; cost of automation in relation to potential cost savings; staffing requirements for automation; and a recommended approach to automation. The report focuses on the following areas: (1) needs analysis (headquarters, technical services department, provincial reference and resource library, St. John’s City (Newfoundland, Canada) libraries, regional libraries, books-by-mail); (2) functional requirements for the application software; (3) system options (technical requirements, software options, microcomputer equipment, estimated costs); (4) database creation and management (existing machine-readable records, options for catalogue maintenance with the integrated library systems, issues affecting the decision, estimated costs); (5) management of an automated library system (staffing, training, estimated costs); (6) the costs and benefits of library automation (quality of service to NPLS clientele, networking, efficiency, accuracy and timeliness of library routines, management information, cost-benefit analysis); Conclusions and recommendations are provided in addition to tables and appendices related to the topical issues addressed in this report. (http://www.eric.ed.gov)
Linux Can Change the Face of Automated Library Information Systems
MLA Abstract 2005 (Case Report) Title: Linux Can Change the Face of Automated Library Information Systems Authors/Affiliation: Janis Teal, AHIP, Deputy Director for Library Services, The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center; Greg Gaillard, Deputy Director for Technology Support, The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center Objective: This poster will report on how the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center (UNM HSLIC) faced the dilemma of replacing an antiquated library information systems (LIS) server in a cost-effective manner that would make use of $10,000 available funding, improve system functionality and performance, and decrease overall system costs. Setting: HSLIC is a medium-sized academic health sciences library running Innovative Interfaces, Inc. (III) LIS software. In 2003 the LIS (with 180,000 catalog records) was running on a 7-year old DEC Unix system with unsupported hardware, a CPU with inadequate response time, and full disk drives. Method: Recognizing the need to upgrade the system, the Deputy Directors analyzed several options: 1) combining systems with the main campus libraries; 2) purchasing a new Compaq Alpha server at $20,000; or 3) implementing a Linux-based LIS running on Intel ‘commodity’ hardware. We selected option 3 and, at the conclusion of the project, became the first library in the United States to implement III LIS software on a Linux server. HSLIC employees in both library services and technology support consulted with III staff throughout the process of configuring the server, updating the III software, and migrating records. Main Results: 1) The project successfully upgraded hardware, the operating system, and application software to current III standards. 2) There was a significant increase in performance and functionality. 3) This implementation was accomplished at 1/3 the cost of using a non-Intel server platform. 4) The Linux-based Intel system represents significantly decreased hardware capital and maintenance costs. 5) There is no longer a need for the library to have in-house DEC Unix expertise, an intangible but significant cost savings. 6) Additional intangible cost savings are expected in the future when, in contrast to standard server hardware, the new hardware running Linux can be repurposed after the current system is upgraded. Conclusion: A small to mid-sized library can effectively run a Linux/Intel LIS system at demonstrably lower cost than doing so on proprietary RISC*-based software/hardware. *Reduced Instruction Set Computing. (https://repository.unm.edu)
Advancing Your Library’s Web-Based Services. ERIC Digest.
Libraries will be utilizing the Web to provide services to an increasingly sophisticated and demanding computer user. The mission of the Cleveland Public Library (CPL) is “to be the best urban library system in the country by providing access to the worldwide information that people and organizations need in a timely, convenient, and equitable manner.” The institutional values that influenced the development of the mission put the emphasis on information and people. The best way to ensure that the access and outcome of information services is timely, convenient and equitable is to develop Web-based services that mirror and improve traditional in-house and telephone services. This clear understanding of the Web as a service delivery method and not just as a digital brochure results in a project development path leading to both self-services and live, librarian mediated services offered online and 24×7.
A successful project incorporates the following steps in this path:
Clarify the core values and mission.
Build a team of entrepreneurial staff.
Scan the online environment for ideas.
Set a course and a timeline.
Find library and community partners.
Market and build customer relations.
At the core of planning for Web-based services is the goal of replicating and enhancing traditional library services in an online environment. Not surprisingly, a survey of 1,500 library users conducted in May, 2002 at the CPL branches and main library confirmed that circulation, reference, services for young people, and readers’ advisory were the most popular draws to the local library. A well-rounded, service-oriented approach to developing a library’s Web presence requires attention to all four of our patrons’ priorities. (http://www.mmsu.edu)
Circulation
As the online services of our for-profit competitors grow, so do our patrons’ expectations. Our clientele demands the same tools from the library’s Web site that they benefit from on commercial Web sites. Our patrons shop, bank, invest, and communicate via the Internet. They make little distinction between what they can do in commerce and what they would like to do via their library Web site. To meet patron expectations, the Cleveland Public Library has introduced a package of online self-help services allowing patrons to better manage their borrowing.
The Web catalog, shared among 31 library systems in Northeast Ohio with reciprocal borrowing agreements (the CLEVNET Consortium), allows for self-initiated requests. The MyAccount feature allows patrons to manage their own accounts. Online renewal has been the most popular aspect of this feature, and in fact it rivals the circulation of the busiest CPL branch with a circulation of over 375,000 in its first nine months. In addition, patrons can delete requests and review outstanding fines. This is timely and convenient for patrons, and it saves a great deal of staff time and attention.
Accounting for more savings is the NetNotice e-mail notification service. Patrons sign up through a Web form to obtain their pickup and overdue notices via e-mail. They can also register to automatically receive their MyAccount information in an e-mail message every week on a designated day. The e-mail message includes the online renewal functionality for those e-mail programs that support it.
Statistics show that, had it not been for one-half million online renewals, the library’s circulation would have decreased in 2001. Future opportunities to enhance library services include the ability to register for and obtain a library card number online as well as to pay fines and fees via a credit card using a secure Web interface. With so many resources available to the online user, it is contradictory to require a patron to be physically present in a library to obtain the authority to use them. The library card number is the gateway to 110 remote databases and thousands of e-books. Another service in the works is home delivery of requested library materials. Currently patrons can choose from 96 possible pickup locations in Northeastern Ohio. Soon, they will be able to choose delivery to their home or office. (http://www.mmsu.edu)
Reference Services
Cleveland Public Library and the CLEVNET consortium created and launched a live Web reference service on June 11, 2001. KnowItNow24X7 is a remarkable achievement using an efficient and effective project management process. The 20-year consortium relationship of the 31 CLEVNET libraries is based on a shared automation system that CPL owns and manages. CLEVNET libraries, and our contracted overnight service provider have answered over 17,000 questions.
Cleveland Public Library was prepared to take many of the financial and technological risks associated with this aggressive and innovative project, but the combined creativity, staff talent and commitment made the project a success. Although CLEVNET is the first to have launched a 24×7 public library live Web reference service, many such services quickly followed, including 24/7 (Metropolitan Cooperative Library System in California), Smarty Pants (Denver), and Q&A NJ (New Jersey).
KnowItNow24X7 librarians utilize the complete resources of the Internet and the CLEVNET subscriptions to over 110 online databases. They can even scan documents available in print collections and send them to the patron via Adobe Capture. It is essential that the public have access to the full range of resources. Live Web reference offers the opportunity to demonstrate Internet searching strategies, introduce subscription databases, and showcase unique materials in the collection.
The Cleveland Law Library is a CLEVNET member. This association enables KnowItNow24X7 users to access both the special collection and the staff of professional law librarians when the information needs are beyond the scope of traditional public library service. Since legal and medical information are traditionally problematic areas for public library reference staff, establishing a partnership with Metro Health Systems, Cuyahoga County’s public hospital, presented an exciting enhancement to live information. Nursing staff already trained to answer a 24×7 phone line embraced the KnowItNow24X7 service and are ideal partners for public librarians. (http://www.ericdigests.org)
Local Related Studies
University Library Modernization
Library automation enabled the electronic Union Catalog of the UPD network of 33 libraries, including the Extension program in Pampanga and the Main Library with more than 800,000 records, accessible within the campus and through the World Wide Web. These libraries already have barcoders, barcode labels and keepers, magnetic strips, sensitizers-desensitizers and gate for Circulation purposes, and as part of their library security system. A number of records were converted from paper to digital format. The former system used by the University Library prior to the present MAELISA. Also converted from paper files were 58,536 bibliographic records of five Filipiniana and Special Collections: (1) Book analytics, i.e. biographies, illustrations, plays, short stories and speeches contained in books; (2) Unclassified Monographic Records including art works and personal collections of Teodoro Agoncillo, Roberto Concepcion, Oscar Evangelista, Guillermo Guevara, Eliseo Pajaro, Estrella Solidum, Emanuel Soriano and Abelardo & Trinidad Subido; (3) Positive prints of the Harnish Collection; (4) Posters File; (5) Vernacular Collection including Bikolano, Cebuano, Pampango and Tagalog. (http://uplibrarybulletin.files.wordpress.com)
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Grade Management and Archiving System Review of Related Literature
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes literatures that are related to the study, prior arts and the synthesis connecting the concepts and the prior art.
Related Concepts of the Study
This includes the related concepts with regards to the study of the Student Grade Management System. The information gathered were very limited and is very difficult to find related concepts even in the internet
On Grades (marks) Encourage Students to Learn
Grades or marks enable students to evaluate themselves and choose the subjects they are good at. At the beginning of a college year, first year students always do oriented studies, in which they take part in almost all subjects. If the students’ performances are graded, they will be aware of the subjects they are best excelling at, and as a result, choose those which they will do for their educational career.
Furthermore, grades provide the possibility for students to know which of their mates they take a problem to in a particular subject. In school, students perform differently and in different subjects. Scoring will let students know which of their mates is good at a specific subject and capable of assisting them when they encounter difficulties in that area of study. For instance, some students are good in mathematics, others in psychology and so on, and only through scoring we can discover them.
Lastly, scoring helps students know their positions among their peers. When students take tests together, each of them will like to know whether he or she is the first, second, third, and so on. This tells each student whether he or she is progressing or retreating and to work harder to improve and have better results. In addition, grading evokes competition among students thereby enabling them to study more.
To sum up, as people study, there is need for them to be scored, as it will enable them to choose areas they are good at, know their positions among others and to work harder in order to achieve better results. (http://www.english-test.net/forum/ftopic54113.html)
Prior Arts
This includes the prior arts related to the study of Student Grade Management System. The information were taken from the internet for it is very difficult to find information about the existing studies concerning student grade management system in books.
On Monitoring and Appraisal System for Higher Scholastic Achievement in Houston Schools.
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Grade Management and Archiving System Review of Related Literature
Two new achievement systems have been developed and implemented for the Houston Schools with relation to inventory of the student academic performances is the school board monitoring system.
The system sets a new standard for the administrative structure and systematic improvement process for higher scholastic achievement in the Houston schools. In 2001 Houston schools instituted a declaration of beliefs and visions, which is defined for school employees and the community that the district stands for and where it’s going. Row of the goals that has been put for the declarations are; to increase student achievement and increase students’ efficiency. The declaration determined to accomplish these goals through educational structure built upon the relationship between teacher and student. Decentralization and shared decision mortgage; a common core of academic subject for all students and focus upon performance, not compliance. The new system for Houston Schools provides a roadmap to achieve and measure the progress of these goals. It is detailed and objective providing a systematic means for meaningful and qualifiable organizational improvement. It is comprehensive and data –driven accountability. It requires the superintendent to submit.
In 2007, Daughter Valley High School, in San Ramon California, piloted a program called School Loop, essentially putting grade books attendance sheets, student binders and even blackboards online.
With a few mouse clicks on computer, students could see his/her assignments and test scores online as well as the parents to get informed with their students’ school performances
With School Loop, parents, teachers, administrators and students can access a vast quantity of data as effortless as opening an email. Ed Zaiontz, chair-elect of consortium for school networking and executive director of information services at the Round Rock Independent School District, encompassing parts of Austin, as well as Cedar Park and Round Rock, Texas says that the trend toward shuttling information between schools, homes, and district offices will continue to grow as the digital divides shrinks.
The real success of such product rests with the teachers. If they don’t update the system at the end with grades and assignments, the whole exercises become pointless. Bonnie Meyers says that she sees the undeniable merit of school loop when it is used properly, but there are times when it’s misused, or not used often.
On Master’s Project Report Spring 2006 Student Grades and Course Management Systems
This application is a user-friendly tool that encompasses all functions required to
create / maintain online course and student information. An instructor can use this tool to manage all courses offered by semester, to create / update / view student information currently enrolled, to calculate grades and to post notes, assignments all in one tool. Students will use this tool to upload/download/view assignments and to view current & estimated grades for the enrolled courses by semesters.
Grades or marks enable students to evaluate themselves and choose the subjects they are good at. The Student Grade Management System gives attention in grade transparency which enables the students to know and get aware of their academic performance and evaluate themselves unto what subject they are good at.
Monitoring and Appraisal System for Higher Scholastic Achievement in Houston Schools gave focus on the students’ academic performance which includes the concept of giving solution to the students’ grade transparency. Student-Information Systems, on the other hand makes a student information system and monitors the students’ academic performances including the students’ grades. In addition, Student Grades and Course Management System make online records of students’ information. Our study on Student Grade Management System focuses on the monitoring and management of student’s grade and promotes transparency to give answer to the students’ doubts with regards to their grades. The development of a system that will monitor the students’ grades of the students is expected to contribute to the development of the school’s information system. The awareness of the students to their grades will serve as a reliable reference to them to improve their studies to attain high grades. The existing studies as stated in the above literatures prove that monitoring student’s performances contributes to the student’s education. The existing studies get involve the World Wide Web in the design and implementation of the system. However, the Student Grade Management System is accessible to users through local networking.
Serious games use entertainment principles, creativity, and technology to meet government or corporate training objectives, but these principles alone will not guarantee that the intended learning will occur. To be effective, serious games must incorporate sound cognitive, learning, and pedagogical principles into their design and structure. In this paper, we review cognitive principles that can be applied to improve the training effectiveness in serious games and we describe a process we used to design improvements for an existing game-based training application in the domain of cyber security education.
That is the case of electronic games, representing a valuable interactive space for the education, and that can be accessed at anytime and anywhere in the world. The new technological brought facility of access to communication by the increase of storage capacity of news and by the processing speed of information in real time, promoting their educational applications inside and outside classrooms (Teixeira, 2009). In this sense, there are various studies that come to positive results after analyzing the application of specific games in a classroom context. This is especially factual when it comes to the improvement of concentration, the stimulation of task performance, the improvement of visual intelligence, and hand-eye coordination (Beedle & Wright, 2007; Ferdig, 2007; Graells, 2001; Van Eck, 2006). Lévy (2010) adds to that, asserting that the Collective Intelligence is a determining factor in competitiveness, creativity and human development in a knowledge based economy, or in an information economy on the network society.
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Educational Quiz Game for HRM Students
Electronic games are bringing forward a greater complexity of objectives as well as a challenging environment for the player. Competitors must be capable of learning to define a hierarchy among a wide range of tasks. In this instance, the player must choose the ideal course to follow and define the main goal because the game itself does not always do so. Furthermore, one must be able to use the interactive and communicative tools supplied for the exchange of experiences that permit the establishment of links with other players who can help in obtaining success, argues Johnson (2006).
Educational quiz game for Hotel and Restaurant Students helped students to visualized and encourages interaction can be presented in computers in the form of text or in multimedia formats, which include photographs and animation, the guided drill are computer program that poses questions to students, return feedback on students’ performance. Recent guided drill system incorporate the principles of education in addition to subject matter knowledge into computer program.
Objectives
This study aims to design and develop a computer-based Educational Quiz Game for Hotel and Restaurant Management students with the following objectives.
Enable student/individual to move at his own peace.
Enables the student/individual to view his/her assessment score immediately after the game test.
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Educational Quiz Game for HRM Students User Interface
Methods Use
The targets of this system development are mainly for the Hotel and Restaurant Management students, the developer of the program, computer literate, knowledgeable with the system and the admin.
The researchers let the respondents of this study to test the Educational Quiz Game System and to find out that the respondents claimed the effectiveness and efficiency of the system Educational Quiz Game for Hotel and Restaurants Management Students.
Conclusions and Recommendations
The result of the study was revealed that using Computer Assisted Instruction in HRM student as an alternative in teaching process provides advantages for the students and teacher.
It can stimulate and sustain the learners attention because of the interesting activities incorporated in Educational Quiz Game. The institution should implement this in order to improve the student interest in learning. If ever the Department of HRM implement the system they can use one of the laboratory of IT Department it depend upon on both department head. It also provide as a training ground for the student for their skills and knowledge about the subject. The Department head must embrace technological changes especially in the learning processes of the students.
