Inventory Management System Review of Related Literature

The inventory management system is available in Visual Basic and C#, databases used are MS Access and MySQL. This article will enumerate some of the previous research study that is related in inventory management, the following studies and systems were used by the researchers as their references in the conduct and development of their own inventory management system.

Inventory Management System Review of Related Literature

Foreign and Local Related Literature

RCCola Automated Inventory System

According to Amelounate, RC Cola Orani Enterprise was established on January 2008 catering to 20 sub dealers all over Bataan and 50 stores from Orani to Balanga. The manner of operation is manual, thus every transaction is recorded and solved manually. In terms of supply ordering process, all emptied bottles/cases are delivered to the mother company located at Lubao, Pampanga; this is done if they reach the maximum cases of 1,720 needed for hauling. When it comes to operation, the number of cases of goods delivered to the sub dealers and stores are written on Daily Remittance Report. However, the report cannot monitor if how many cases are available on the warehouse or how many bottles/cases are missing.

The problem mainly concerns on the inventory. They are relying on physical count of incoming goods and recorded on a piece of paper and transferred to a columnar book. Every transaction on the outgoing of goods is being recorded to a Daily Record Book and transferred to Daily Remittance Report. However, this process provides redundant records, inaccuracy on their daily reports and make it   hard for the management to determine how many cases are still available in the warehouse and if this stocks are enough to sustain the needs of their customers. If operations will stop due to availability of stocks, It cost the company an estimated value of P 20, 000.00 losses on their income.

Bell Electronics Inventory System

According to Bchaney, Bell Electronics Lab Corporation situated in Calamba, Laguna is engaged in testing and assembly of optoelectronics and sensor devices. The company is concentrating on its resources in program is towards the development of other types of optoelectronic and sensors device packaging to support their customer requirements. The PDA module is composed of bar code scanner to scan issued and received items, and a Z8F6423 Zilog micro controller to sore the information. A Product Inventory System (PIS) application program is also discussed to show how the PDA module can be interfaced with the PIS. Test results presented in this paper will show apparent improvement of company’s inventory system.

Inventory system is an effective way for monitoring and tracking different materials that are transferred in and out of a company’s warehouse or establishment usually for accounting purposes. It is also important for a company to monitor all the transactions and movement of goods in order to keep an account of all their stocks. However in some establishments, the inventory of materials is done manually in such a way that an employee writes down the information of different materials every time it is transferred in and out of the room. The same case applies in Bell Electronics Corporation; and as a result, the inventory system becomes prone to human error and would be more time consuming which will most likely be a loss for the company. In Bell Electronics Corporation, there is a corresponding form for every incoming or outgoing item (from the stock room). These forms serve as the basis of comparison when inspecting; that is, the amount of item that goes in or out must tally with those written in the forms. After-wards, all the transactions will then be encoded.

Ocampo’s Incorporated Inventory System

Information technology (IT) is concerned with improvements in a variety of human and organizational problem-solving endeavor’s through the design, development, and use of technologically based systems and processes that enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of information in a variety of strategic, tactical, and operational situations. Ideally, this is accomplished through critical attention to the information needs of humans in problem-solving tasks and in the provision of technological aids, including electronic communication and computer-based systems of hardware and software and associated processes. IT complements and enhances traditional engineering through emphasis on the information basis for engineering. Professional activities in IT and in the acquisition of IT systems range from requirements definition or specification, to conceptual and functional design and development of communication and computer-based systems for information support. They are concerned with such topics as architectural definition and evaluation. These activities include integration of new systems into functionally operational existing systems and maintenance of the result as user needs change over time.

The researchers will study the inventory system of OCAMPO’s Incorporated in the City of San Fernando, La Union. The study will conduct an interview to identify problems of their system, analyze and interpret to be able to address the problem. The proposed system should include the following: Client or server selection process asks the user if the computer is a server or a client. The selection prepares the system for the network connection; User registration and validation process creates users for the system. The administrator has the control on the users and assigns a role in the business; Log-in/log-out process separates the roles of the administrators and its fellow users.

Exact Globe Inventory System

Based on research by Exact Holding N.V.,Exact Globe Inventory System is an advanced information system and it is a fully integrated solution where orders, receipts and deliveries are entered and available in real-time, presenting costs and quantities at the time of inquiry. It saves time, eliminates confusion and gives you the power to make decisions based on up-to-the minute information. It has Full Serial and Batch control for trace and recall purposes and it can make use of 30 user-defined fields at the item level to further describe inventory related properties .A Strong ability to perform ABC analysis for fast / slow moving inventory management. Manage inventory in multiple warehouses for costs and quantities as well as planning and production data Associate approved suppliers with inventory, along with different supplier price lists. View detail Bill of Material information within the main item master Assign landed costs for inventory purchases for extraneous costs such as demurrage. Advanced functions for bar coding and track & trace.

Wal- Mart’s: SMART Inventory System

According to Seanferd, Wal-Mart uses the SMART inventory system which is basically a tracking system that keeps track of all of Wal-Mart’s inventory as well as it automatically reorder products that the store is either low or empty on. The SMART system is though the Telxon which is a 900 MHz wireless hand held terminal equipped with bar code scanners. When the bar code is scanned the number of that item will show up instantly as well as a short description of the product.

The advantages of the SMART system is that it has to be huge because products that Wal-Mart do not carry will still scan and give out the relevant information so that it is easier for people to return products. The SMART system is linked to the cash registers as well as inventory is automatically update as products are sold. Hand counts are updated as well as some products automatically updated. The main disadvantage of the SMART system is that everything has to be coded with bar codes. Which can lead to additional cost but the main key to an effective bar code system is to get as close as possible to the bar code data source.

RFID Inventory System

According to Riordan Manufacturing inventory System: RFID-based Tracking, the primary weak-link in the value chain of Riordan Manufacturing is the manufacturing process of raw materials inventory tracking. This system continues through the chain of manufacturing from the point the raw materials arrive until the final product has been assembled and shipped. This method yields a system that is data redundant, prone to human error on the data entry level, and presents an opportunity for the data to be misinterpreted by the Inventory Clerk for the raw materials ordering. Additionally, few to zero records are being produced that will enable analysis of inventory levels (Riordan Manufacturing).

The purpose of this project will be to improve the manufacturing process by implementing a new computer-based resource tracking system that will eliminate the need for the Inventory Clerk to           re-produce the forms into the Inventory PC. The new system will allow the Inventory PC to do the tracking of raw materials upon all throughout the manufacturing process. Raw Materials can then be ordered based on known inventory levels, historical data of typical customer orders, and a number of other factors that will be immediately accessible through the new system.

The new system will immediately be able to identify lost inventory, managers can immediately track the inventory down and be able to identify trends if materials are repeatedly lost at a certain point in the manufacturing process.

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Billing and Payment System Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

Telecommunication Billing System

According to Matem Mostafa (2005) the telecommunication companies need an effective and accurate billing system to be able to assure their revenue. Billing systems process the usage of network equipment that is used during the service usage into a single Call Detail Record (CDR). The billing process involves receiving billing records from various networks, determining the billing rates associated with the billing records, calculating the cost for each billing record, aggregating these records periodically to generate invoices, sending invoices to the customer, and collecting payments received from the customer.

Billing and Payment System Review of Related Literature

Billing system is very complex starting from network elements that generate usage to the billing system to usage collection, mediation, rating, and invoicing. The system user navigates through the company site and views company services, and he decides to order one of the available services. If he has no account, then he signs up for a new account, else he signs in. Then the user asks to conduct an order with the selected service. The service may be prepaid where he has to pay to have credits to use the service, or it may be postpaid, where he has to pay if the service has installation or set fees, and later on he will pay for his usage of each billing cycle.

The billing system should provide service to the user, collect user usage records, and generate invoices of each expired credit or due credit, each billing cycle depends on the billing type, collect payments and adjust customers’ balances.

Service is the entity offered by the company and targeted to the customers. Each service is defined by an engineering employee as a service catalog which includes service type, name, billing policy, and its default rating profile. After service ordering by the customer, it takes a unique attached with the account of the customer, provided by the provisioning system to the customer at a certain date.

The customer account includes customer contact profile information, account type, login information, and payment method. Each customer account is linked in the system with specific services offered to this customer, and the customer will be billed depending on his usage of these services. Customer account belongs to a specific account type, which is related to some price plans determined by discounts and promotions. (http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/10824/Billing-System-Introduction)

The system can be applied on the Lending and Cooperatives with regards to their user account system. The log-in page is applicable to assigned personnel assign only. The Lending and Cooperatives have different personnel; the admin can only access the assigned task given to him. The manager will review all the records that are being done during the weekly fellowship.

Mortgagee Billing and Payment System

According to the article on the internet “Mortgagee Notification Billing and Payment” the state farms delivers electronic documents and accepts electronic remittance to all lenders, loan servicers, and servicing bureaus that accept the mortgagee notification, billing and payment national standard. The national implementation guide for this standard can be acquired at Washington Publishing Company.

With the help of lenders, lending servicers, vendors, and insurers, a national standard was developed allowing insurance notifications to be conveyed electronically to lenders. The Mortgagee notification, billing and payment standard was created by the policy administration work group of the accredited standards committee and sanctioned by the American National Standards Institute and the Mortgage Bankers Association.

State Farm supports the industry’s national standard for communicating information affecting our hazard insurance policies. Because of the volume of notifications in the insurance industry, State Farm has developed automated tools to ensure each lender can have its interests protected by our insurance.

There are six specific notifications that can be sent electronically by State Farm using the 811 consolidated invoice transaction set as defined in the mortgagee notification, billing and payment implementation guide. They are new business, renewal, policy change, endorsement, cancellation, reinstatement and verification.

Each of these notifications can be delivered electronically, on paper, or both electronically and on paper at the lenders’ discretion. Exchanging electronic notifications with State Farm should be a daily process, due mainly to the sensitivity of certain notices like cancellations and reinstatements; however, the ability of lenders to receive combined renewals and policy changes/endorsements will be maintained on a weekly basis.

Any notification received electronically from State farm with a balance due can be paid electronically using the 820 payment/order remittance advice transaction set as defined in the mortgagee notification, billing and payment implementation guide. Along with the payment amount, a number of reason codes can be attached, such as notice to bill the insured, payment forthcoming, or loan paid in full. (https://b2b.statefarm.com/b2b/roles/unsecured/ml/overviews/mortgage-notification-billing-payment/index.shtml)

Lending and Cooperatives are engaged in billing and payment system in lending business. The proposed system can be applied on the renewal of the members. It can also verify the payments of the members. With regards to its payments it can help the staff to know the balance and due date of the member. In relation to the safety of the records, it can help the system secure the records because not all the personnel can access all the records.

Departmental Store Billing System

According to K. Anjana, B Anjana, S. Jain the project billing system is an application to automate the process of ordering and billing of a departmental store .This web based application is designed considering the chain of departmental store which is located in various cities. This application also administrates its users and customers.

The company has been facing the problem of inconsistent and out of time information in its activities. Excessive time is consumed for report generation, which is not very helpful for decision making.

The proposed system provides managing of huge data effectively and efficiently for efficient results, storing the details of the customers, employees etc. in such a way that the database can be modified. The proposed system is user friendly because the retrieval and storing of data is fast and data is maintained efficiently. Moreover the graphical user interface is provided in the proposed system, which provides user to deal with the system very easily. Reports can be easily generated in a proposed system. So any type of reports can be generated in a proposed system, which helps the managers in a decisions making activity. Data can be shared in the proposed system. This means that two or more persons can use the same data in existing system provided that they have the right to access that data. Also, two or more departments in the organization can easily interact with each other without the actual movement of data. The proposed system either does not require paper work or very few paper works are required. All the data is feted into the computer immediately and various bills and reports can be generated through computers. Since all the data is kept in a database no data of the organization can be destroyed. Moreover work becomes very easy because there is no need to keep the data on papers. Proposed system supports strategic competitive advantages. Since the proposed systems provide easiness in reports generating it will provide strategic advantages among competitors. Computer operator control will be there no errors. Moreover storing and retrieving of information is easy. So work can be done speedily and in time. (http://www.iisjaipur.org/iiim-current-08/mca_iv_sem_pro_eva/04.project-billing%20system.pdf)

The Lending and Cooperatives can use the system to have  a consistent and accurate information regarding the billing and payment of the member. The system can track all the records of the members. The user has different functions in the system with its different limitations to access the system. Using this system can help minimize the use of papers, time and effort of the personnel.

Local Literature

Supermarket Billing System

According to Aggrawal, Sisodia to make the software fast in processing, there should be good user interface so that user can change it and it should be used for a long time without error and maintenance. Many supermarkets use this type of billing system for a decade. It is also improved many times according to requirements of sellers and customers. It does the same work that is calculating the bill; gives it to the customer and maintain proper database. They are accurate in calculation and printing, they also generate records.

A new concept is also added in the billing system that also maintains relationships with the customers who purchase more products from the store regularly. The system also concerns their requirements and gives them more commission. It also shows the overall profit, specific profit on a particular product and reports on which items are required and which have crossed their expiry date.

Work in the Supermarket will be done in the following way:

The product will come in the store. Data entry operator will enter the information of the product in the database. The Administrator will enter the taxes and commissions for each product. The customer will come and take the basket with his/her and choose the product and take it to the counter. The bill calculating operator will check the products with the bar code detecting machine. Next then it will match with product-id which show, its information and price. Then, the bill will be calculated and total payment will show. Customer will pay for the products. Lastly all the products will be packed and delivered to the customer.

This module is made for the login of users. We know that we have 3 different users. The Log-in-ID is for: administrator, data entry operator and bill calculating operator. This module is for administrator who will set the taxes and the commissions for the products. In order for him to generate or check the report of the product and how many products are sold on particular date or in a period of time. Next this module is also for the data entry operator who will enter which products come in the store. Prices and expiry date of the product. Third module is also for bill calculating operator who will calculate the bill and print it. (http://www.iisjaipur.org/iiim-current-08/mca_iv_sem_pro_eva/17.Project-SuperMarket%20Billing%20system.pdf )

The Lending and Cooperatives can use this system to give bills to the member. It can use different users in one system in different times, provided there is limitation in every personnel. Only the admin is allowed to add and edit the profile of the member. The systems will automatically calculate the total payments of the member and it will show on the accounts.

Philippine Payment System

According to Mario B. Lamberte it is commonly known that a country’s infrastructure system determines to a large extent the efficiency of the economy. In a modern economy, the payment system is a major component of the country’s infrastructure system. Indeed, no country nowadays can afford to take its payment system for granted. Firms pay wages of their employees and purchase raw materials from their suppliers. In turn, they receive payments for the sale of their products and services. Consumers make payment transactions several times in a day. Needless to say, its value is transferred among participants in the economy every minute of the day, and it increases as the economy grows. The country’s payment system, therefore, must be efficient so that funds can quickly move among market participants for productive use, thereby promoting more activities in the economy. The resource cost of a nation’s payment system can account for 3 percent of its GDP. Modernizing a country’s payment system can certainly reduce that resource cost. Thus, while the country continues to spend on roads, bridges, power supply, etc., it must not neglect to invest in its payment system to improve the efficiency of the economy, in general, and the financial system, in particular.

Through the years, payment systems have considerably changed as forms of payment have evolved from precious metals to currency and checks and recently to electronic payments. These changes have been made because of the need to facilitate voluminous transactions occurring in rapidly growing and increasingly more sophisticated economies. Customers naturally seek the most efficient payment method, while providers of payment services normally seek the most profitable payments system. Advances in information technology and changes in laws, institutions and regulations in some countries have encouraged the emergence of new payment instruments as well as the delivery and processing arrangements for small and large value, time-critical payments. With e-commerce now in the mainstream of economic activities, we can therefore expect more major changes in the payment systems worldwide in the next five years than we have in the last five decades. Obviously, the Philippines cannot escape from these demands. Developments in the payment system have implications for the conduct of monetary policy. Well-functioning financial markets can improve the effectiveness of indirect instruments of monetary policy because it is through these markets that the signal of monetary policy is transmitted to the intermediate and ultimate targets of the policy (Johnson et al. 1998). The effective functioning of the financial market is, in turn, affected by the extent of the efficiency of the country’s payment system. Also, rapid innovations taking place in the country’s payment system can unpredictably alter the demand for and supply of money, thereby affecting the effectiveness of conventional monetary tools. Monetary authorities, therefore, cannot afford to be indifferent to the rapid innovations taking place in the payment system. (http://www.pids.gov.ph/dp.php?id=1278&pubyear=2001)

This system can help the Lending and Cooperatives on its payments system. The modernization of technology can help to secure the records of the members. The manager will check the transactions that are made in the system.

Local Community Hospitals System

According to the article in the internet “Local Community Hospital System” today, computerization is a major advancement in technology that helps in many ways: it makes information storage easier and faster thus it can save a lot of time and manpower, and many tasks are done in a certain amount of time.

Great amount of time is being consumed by information retrieval and billing process of most Local Community Hospitals without computer generated system. To be able to provide the medical needs of the rapidly growing population, Local Community Hospitals must be responsive to the current trends and innovation in today’s changes in technology.

One of the concerns of Local Community Hospitals nowadays is how to lessen the number of paper works in the transaction of the patient that could fasten the process of admission, discharging and billing of a patient. This greatly affects the profitability of the institution that makes the admission and billing of patients a long process.

Another concern of Local Community Hospitals nowadays is how to lessen the number of paper works in the transaction of the patient in order to fasten the process of admission, discharging and billing of a patient.

Therefore the general objective of the study is to develop a computerized patient monitoring and billing system, for the medical institution Local Community Hospitals to fasten the admission and discharging process of patients, and to provide automatic computation of one’s patient bills. (http://voices.yahoo.com/thesis-local-community-hospitals-system-4664081.html?cat=5)

In relation with this study, the Lending and Cooperatives can apply the system to monitor the billing and payment of the members. Using a computerized billing system can help the staff and members to work in a short period of time. It also lessens the paper work of the staff. The information of the member is secured because of the privacy of its user to access the system.

Credits to the authors and developers.

Online Grade Inquiry System Review of Related Literature

This project was designed and developed in PHP and MySQL; it is a platform that will replace the manual process of grade inquiry system. This article will present studies and systems that will serve as the basis in the development of the online grade inquiry system.

Online Grade Inquiry System Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYSTEM

Foreign Literature

Furtwangen University automated grade inquiry

According to Dr. Rolf Schofer on March 3, 2013, the Furtwangen university offers an automated grade inquiry service using telephone available at  +49(0)7723 920-1212 around the clock, except between 2:00am and 4:00am. Their system is available in two lines. They ask callers to hung up once they have heard their current grades to allow to other students to use the service. Grades are sorted according to the dates they were entered to read first the new entries about their grades. To use the service, the students will need to enter student’s registration number and a four digit Pin using the telephone keypad. Students can find their four digits PIN under Meine Noten (My Grades) in the studi-portal at http://studi-portal.hs-furtwangen .de. The grade inquiry pin is not the same as the F card PIN.  If any of the students will want to change their grades inquiry pin, they are allowed to change it anytime using telephone. This is how their system works: first obtain the pin from the student portal at https://studi-portal.hs-furtwangen.de. Then, from internal university phone, call extension at 1212 free of charge. Nest thing to do id to call + 49(0) 7723 920-1212, if the line is busy, they can try it dial later. Then, follow the instruction given over the phone then enter the registration number and PIN, the press * after each entry. Lastly, grades entered for the current exam semester will be read out.

The online grade inquiry system also offered online grade inquiry service using computer. The student will pass their full name, student number, course, year and section during the inquiring of their grades. Each student’s grades are already saved in registrar’s computer. The difference between the two system is that in the online grade inquiry system, students can check their grades anywhere while Furtwangen University automated grade inquiry students do not have to go to school to check their grades; instead they are using the telephone.

http://studi-portal.hs-furtwangen.de.

College of Albemarle

According to Dr. Kandi Deitemeyer on August 6, 2012, the College of Albemarle online grade inquiry system needs to log in their websites “campus cruiser” with user ID and password. Students must have the school password and provide all the information needed by the system. This system is to benefit by the students and school administration.  Using this system, students can print their official grades and transcript. Unlike other school, the College of Albemarle online grade inquiry system provide grades available by viewing online after faculty submits  grades and posted within 48 hours. The College of Albemarle online grade inquiry system can locate students with any type of financial restriction and students cannot view their grades or even a transcript.

www.albemarle.edu.com.ph

Portland University

According to Jeff Gewing, Ph.D. on June 2, 2008, the Portland University online grade inquiry system is an online grades inquiry which offers an online view of grades every term-Fall, winter and spring term. Every term there is a deadline for submitting the final grades. After a day students may already view their grades online. Portland university online grade inquiry is developed for faster and easier way of distributing grades to their students. Students will not be in a hurry going to school just to check out their grades. All they need to do is to log in their school websites and fill out the needed information. Portland university online grade inquiry helps the school to be well organized in giving grades with minimum effort.

www.pdx.edu/registration/online-grading/

Local literature

University of Perpetual Help delta system

According to Dr. Jisefina L. Tamayo, on February 5, 1975, the online grade inquiry provides services to every concerned student in the said university.

Their online grade inquiry consists not just students’ grades but can also check out any pending account balances of students, if any, and the subjects which have not been taken up yet.           Another advantage in their system is those two features are updated from time to time. For this reason, their students will not rely on checking their balances and spending much effort and time going to school. All they need to do is to access their account and provide the needed information; i.e. last name, student number, and birthday.

The online grade inquiry system is also a system that offers exam and final grades result for every term or semester but accessible only within the school of city college. The difference of online grade inquiry system to “UPHSD’s online grade inquiry” is that online grade inquiry system is designed only for local area networking and intended only for College registrar.

perpetualdalta.edu.ph/admission/why-perpetual?

Local System

Caraga State University

Ampayon,Butuan City

According to Steffen Lamparter and Lars Jordan on September 2, 2011, the university as an educational institution has a lot of valuable information which can be provided to students such as grade release, enrollment information and university announcement.

The Caraga State University Short Message Service based grade inquiry system was proposed to have a more convenient, faster and easier way of transactions. This study is concerned on how to provide a service to students residing in remote areas where internet connection is not available.

Since the text based technology is one of the popular ways of communication. It also helps the students access the information in anytime-anywhere basis at their own convenient time, money and effort by just typing in at their mobile phone the keyword together with their ID number and password. Furthermore, these systems provide a convenient way of inquiring grade with just press and send way.

The proposed system is offering the SMS service which can be used by all mobile phones. The user only sends the SMS to the system and the system will reply the answer back to the user as SMS also.

www.studymode.com/subjects/caraga-state -university-sms-base-grade-inquiry page1.html/

Far Eastern University Online Grade Inquiry

According to Viekdyoll on August 2012, the Far Eastern University Online Grade Inquiry is an online grading inquiry for those interested students who wanted to know their grades status. Students may use this online grade inquiry by logging in at (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. their school website. Right after the students enter into the website they need to click the “view grades” and click the “here” button. Then they also need to enter some specific information for them to view grades. Far eastern university online grade inquiry is a big help to the school for allowing the students to view grades online. Then this system is also a big help for far eastern university in dealing students questions about grades, students are not even obliged in going to the school just to view grades.

www.feu.edu.ph/Veikdyoll /August 2012

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Online Voting Platform in PHP and MySQL

Project Description

Technology is a way to a greatest success of each and individual. Developing a Voting System with the contribution of Android Application to our said recipient can make their works easier and manageable. The design of the system is in this chapter; in here you can see the different context diagram of the process of the develop system from the dashboard wherein administrator can view the total number of students registered to votes for that school year, total number of students already voted and those who have not yet voted. The administrator also has the right to configure the current election term.

Online Voting Platform Voting Page

In user accounts administrator can add a user group that has privileges like (Dashboard, User Accounts, Students, Party List, Candidates, Electoral Position, Academic Year and Electoral Position) that would be needed in creating another user, in order he can distinguish the user privileges to the develop system. Admin also can print the information of the admin and users. Before administrator can create a user he/she need to create first a user group in order he can set the privileges like (Dashboard, User Accounts, Students, Party List, Candidates, Electoral Position, Academic Year and Electoral Position)  in every user and the description of that privilege. Administrator can select what user group he would like to use in creating another user involving the different information he need to fill up like the user group he/she belongs the password he input. Administrator and user can view the different function here in students. They can add another student, import a data of students from a CSV files, activate the password generator per election and print the different information of a student’s. Administrator and user can add a student’s provided with their different information. Administrator and user can import a CSV Files to the develop system. Administrator and user can change the password generator per School Year for the voting of SSG Officer to generate new password. Administrator and user may create another party list and print their different information. Administrator and user have a privilege to create a party list provided only with their party list information. In these fields admin and user can create candidates with their different party list and he/she can print also the different information of the running candidates. Administrator and user can create candidates

Online Voting Platform in PHP and MySQL

Literature

Benefits of Electronic Voting System for Authorities

According to www.vaalit.fi (2008) advantages of electronic voting for the authorities are as follows: electronic voting reduces and simplifies the work of the authorities significantly; electronic voting leads to notable cost savings through reduced personnel; reduce cost for example various forms and documents are no longer needed; electronic votes can be counted fast and reliably, and the result of the vote will be ready almost immediately.

(http://www.vaalit.fi/sahkoinenaanestaminen/en/etuja.h

System Features and User Interface

1. Online Voting Platform Dashboard Page

The dashboard page displays the number of students who have voted already and the number of students who has not yet voted. The live result or the real time canvassing is also shown in this page.

Online Voting Platform Dashboard Page

2. Online Voting Platform Election Date Setup Page

This is the module of the system where in the administrator sets up the date of election.

Online Voting Platform Election Date Setup Page

3. Online Voting Platform Candidates Encoding Page

The lists of candidates are being encoded in this module of the system. Candidate’s information are being fetch in the student module of the system.

Online Voting Platform Candidates Encoding Page

4. Online Voting Platform Candidate Position Encoding Page

The system can dynamically add candidate position. This will allow the user to encode the list of officers or candidates for election. It simply means that the system is applicable to all student election programs.

Online Voting Platform Candidate Position Encoding Page

5. Online Voting Platform Course Encoding Page

Departments and courses are also encoded in the system. The image below shows the encoding page of the different departments and courses of the institution.

Online Voting Platform Course Encoding Page

6. Online Voting Platform Year Level Encoding Page

Year Levels and Grade Levels are also encoded in the system. The system can be used by the high school and college level and the image below is where the year levels and grade levels are encoded.

Online Voting Platform Year Level Encoding Page

7. Online Voting Platform Party List Encoding Page

The image below is the page of the system where the different party lists are recorded.

Online Voting Platform Party List Encoding Page

8. Online Voting Platform Student Information Encoding Page

Student information such as the name, year or grade level, course is encoded in this module. Voting code is generated by the system for every student. Records of students in a form of a spread sheet document can also be uploaded in this module.

Online Voting Platform Student Information Encoding Page

9. Online Voting Platform Student Login Page for Voting

This page will only be activated on the day of election. This is where the students enter their voting code which was provided upon their registration in the system.

Online Voting Platform Student Login Page for Voting

10. Online Voting Platform Voting Page

The voting page is where the students select the candidates that they want to vote.

Online Voting Platform Voting Page

11. Online Voting Platform Live Result Page

The live result page is a real time canvassing of votes; every time a student cast his/her vote this page is updated automatically.

Online Voting Platform Live Result Page

Development Tools

Client – Server Architecture

The proposed system will be designed to perform a client-server operation where both communicate over a computer network or on the same computer. The student affairs encodes the aspirant candidates for a specific year, the eligible students will cast their votes and many other tasks represents a client operation while the server operation includes management of data stored in the database, process request of the client, and retrieval of data from the users and generate various reports.

Software Components

Software is essential for the development of the proposed system. It refers to the intangible part of what the system made of. The following software components used in this study is listed below.

Apache as a Web Server

A web server is necessary in order to handle this kind of application. Apache is a popular public domain open source web server. The proposed system uses Apache because it supports multiple platforms including Windows, Linux, and Macintosh operating systems. It can host statics websites as well as dynamic websites that use server-side scripting language such as PHP, Python, or Perl. Since the proposed system uses PHP programming language, Apache is needed in order to host PHP scripts for the said system. Apache runs the PHP page in the server and displays the output in the browser.

PHP as a Programming Language

The development of applications or systems would not be possible without the use of programming languages. The proposed system uses PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) originally derived from Personal Home Page Tools. PHP is a server-side scripting language for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming languages. The proposed system used PHP codes/scripts that execute on the server to process event handlers for events such as button clicks.

MySQL as RDBMS

The proposed system “LAN Based E-Voting System for MCC” is highly dependent on data entry and retrieval of data. Since the student will cast their votes, it should be stored in a database where it will be retrieved for the generation of reports. MySQL pronounced either “My S-Q-L” or “My Sequel” was used as the Relational Database Management System (DBMS) for the proposed system. MySQL is an open source relational database management system where it is based on the structure query language (SQL), which is used for adding, removing, modifying information in the database. Standard SQL commands such as ADD, DROP, INSERT, and UPDATE can be used with MySQL. The proposed system uses MySQLi commands with Prepared Statements in storing and retrieving data. Because both MySQL and PHP are both open source (meaning they are free to download and use), the PHP/MySQL combination has become a popular choice for database driven websites. The RDBMS is a really  powerful set of tools, enabling users to operate data into a database and it prevents unauthorized access to the database and maintains the consistency of the stored data.

Bootstrap

As for the User interface of the system the researchers will user Bootstrap, it is a free and open-source front-end web framework for designing websites and web applications. It contains HTML- and CSS-based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation and other interface components, as well as optional JavaScript extensions

Brackets

Brackets is an open-source editor written in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript with a primary focus on web development. It was created by Adobe Systems, licensed under the MIT License, and is currently maintained on GitHub. Brackets is available for cross-platform download on Mac, Windows, and Linux.

Hardware Components

Hardware refers to the tangible parts of the system. This component is being used in order for the system to work. During the implementation of the proposed system, it will be using different computer hardware and networking equipment. The proposed system “LAN-Based E-Voting System for MCC” is a highly dependent in terms of computer related equipment such as desktop computers, laptops and smart phones.

Workstations

In order for the user cast their votes and for the administrator / COMELEC to input data, desktop computers, laptops or mobile phones are needed where it serves as the workstation for the said operations. To be more specific, it needs other peripheral devices such as keyboard, mouse and touch capacitive screen for the inputs and monitors for the output. The used of printer is also considerable to make a persistent human-readable representation of graphics or text on paper or other similar media especially in the system generated reports.

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Online Instructional Learning Platform for K-12

The project entitled Online Instructional Learning Platform for K-12 is an alternative way of providing the students the lessons and activities for their subjects using the internet and other ICT materials. In this platform, the teachers can upload their lessons (power point and video presentation), assignments and activities. Students will be able to read and browse the uploaded materials by their teachers. Parents are also part of the system; they can use the system to monitor the progress of their children.

Online Instructional Learning Platform for K-12

The said project is available in PHP and MySQL, CMS version in WordPress is also available. Full documentation of the project is also part of the package.

Related Studies

On Web-Based Instructions…Global Innovation is likely to need an organizational location which allows adequate freedom for the innovator while remaining close enough to the work of conventional education and its decision makers for it to achieve integration with the regular education service.

Various studies state; when students direct their own learning in more concrete ways through web-based instruction, faculty must incorporate pedagogical tactics that prepare students to encounter information and knowledge in their variant forms. In general, students must write more frequently and work more independently in web-based courses; hence they tend to recognize their role as active seekers of knowledge (Canada, 2000). Web-based curriculum design should account for this and other characteristics of contemporary learners. Murphy (2000) and Ausburn (2002) found that today’s students are inclined to need more motivation to learn; they often learn by experimentation experimentally, through an experiment and involvement rather than through traditional means of reading and listening.

On Online Learning… The online learning environment can account for contemporary student learning styles while still supporting pedagogical values such as critical analysis, adaptability, and intellectual rigor.

This is critical when the student/faculty interaction is mediated by online technology. Web-based instruction offers profound possibilities for creativity, access, and equality in education–we must understand that concerns of epistemology and ethics need to be confronted in order to realize those potential benefits. (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+nature+of+knowledge+in+web   based+learning+environments-a0114168056)

On Computer Based Educational System…More recently, the spread of computer-based educational systems has transformed the processes of teaching and learning (Squires, Conole, & Jacobs, 2000). Potential benefits to learners include richer and more effective learning resources using multimedia and a more flexible pace of learning. In the last few years, the emergence of the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) have offered users a new instructional delivery system that connects learners with educational resources and has led to a tremendous growth in Web-based instruction. Web-based instruction (WBI).

According to (Hilary Perraton and Charlotte Creed, 2000) The use of technologies for students in school, mainly using broadcasts and computer-based technologies, are for the most part designed to raise quality or to support curricular change.

A number of studies (Relan and Gillami, 1997) states WBI as: “…the application of a repertoire of cognitively oriented instructional strategies within a constructivist and collaborative learning environment, utilizing the attributes and resources of the World Wide Web.” Khan (1997) stress Web-Based Instruction (WBI) as: “…a hypermedia-based instructional program which utilizes the attributes and resources of the World Wide Web to create a meaningful learning environment where learning is fostered and supported.” (http://www.igi-global.com/bookstore/Chapter.aspx?TitleId=13200)

On Learning Styles of the Students…According to IT dynamics Philippines Classroom teachers rely on a number of visual and unobtrusive cues from their students to enhance their delivery of instructional content. A quick glance, for example, reveals who is attentively taking notes, pondering a difficult concept, or preparing to make a comment. The student who is frustrated, confused, tired, or bored is equally evident. The attentive teacher consciously and subconsciously receives and analyzes these visual cues and adjusts the course delivery to meet the needs of the class during a particular lesson.

Study state not all students learn the same way — some are visual learners, some auditory, some both, some neither. Interactive web-based tools include a variety of learning modalities to motivate students and support diverse learning styles. Teachers desire to maintain continuity in a time-limited classroom, but must strive to challenge gifted students while helping struggling students succeed. A big advantage of web-based instruction is the ability to provide one-to-one tutoring in a self-paced learning environment. (http://www.itdynamicsphil.com/resources.php)

On Electronic Learning … A great number of colleges and universities nationwide have ventured on e-learning as it delivers more training to students at its fast, convenient, and consistent advantages. It has also been very effective versus solely classroom-based models. The JRU College Division Computer Science Department has constantly been delivering traditional lectures through the use of technology as to software demonstrations and PowerPoint presentations. As always, a key to learning and to e-learning sites is its high quality content and instructional design that makes these courses effective. (http://www.elearningap.com/eLAP2009/Proceedings/09_Full_Ryan%20A.%20Ebardo.pdf)

On Instructional Technology … With the tendency of most educators and learners to depend more and more on electronic technology, it seems that the use of printed educational materials is fast diminishing. Most of the time, a lot of educators and learners go to the internet for answers to their information needs. Reasons for this are increasing book prices, overcrowding of libraries, and scarcity of books.

In lieu thereof, the government supported Introduction to the field of Instructional Technology: careers, job roles, organizations, scholarly literature, and requisite technology skills; Introduction to instructional technology course content and initial planning for students’ programs. It is therefore important that schools adopt this innovation for lectures in order to enhance and make students fully equip to face the global competition. (http://www.e-turo.org/?q=node/227)

Existing studies/Prior art

System and Method for Compiling and Distributing Modular Publishing and Instructions Materials in an Electronic Environment

Abstract of EP 1324212 (A2)

The disclosed systems and methods for computer aided instruction and electronic publishing employ modular design approaches whereby instructional and informational content is broken into multi-level objects including self-contained electronic learning and electronic content objects. The system and method facilitates the development, maintenance and modification of course and publication content because they may be advantageously located centrally in a large library of independent electronic learning and electronic content objects that serve as building blocks for electronic courses and publications. Modular CAI systems and methods of the invention can be used to monitor student progress both by administering examinations and tracking what content particular students have accessed and/or reviewed.; In preferred embodiments, the invention includes authors using the Internet-accessed tools and templates to compile instructional and informational content, and the subsequent delivery of web-based instructional or informational content to end users such that the end users can receive and review such content using computing devices running standard web browsing applications.

Compiling and Distributing Modular Electronic Publishing and Electronic Instruction Materials

Abstract of US 2003163784 (A1)

The disclosed systems and methods for computer aided instruction and electronic publishing employ modular design approaches whereby instructional and informational content is broken into multi-level objects including self-contained electronic learning and electronic content objects. The system and method facilitates the development, maintenance and modification of course and publication content because they may be advantageously located centrally in a large library of independent electronic learning and electronic content objects that serve as building blocks for electronic courses and publications. Modular CAI systems and methods of the invention can be used to monitor student progress both by administering examinations and tracking what content particular students have accessed and/or reviewed. In preferred embodiments, the invention includes authors using the Internet-accessed tools and templates to compile instructional and informational content, and the subsequent delivery of web-based instructional or informational content to end users such that the end users can receive and review such content using computing devices running standard web browsing applications.

Cased-Based, Agent-Assisted Learning System and Method

A case-based, agent-assisted learning tool is described that operates from a remote terminal. The case-based, agent-assisted learning tool permits delivery of animated pedagogical agent technology to remote terminals. The case-based agent-assisted learning approach supports collaborative instruction of multiple students working together. Each problem is presented as a simulated “case” which the students must solve. The agent at a remote terminal is provided with just enough knowledge of the subject matter to be able to handle the case appropriately. This simplified approach makes it possible to download to the remote computer on demand just the information needed to enable the pedagogical agent to support the student’s learning activities. This in turn makes it possible to integrate case-based agent-assisted learning with Web-based instructional materials.; The case-based agent-assisted learning approach is capable of a wide range of pedagogical interactions, including question answering, hinting, opportunistic instruction, and referrals to background literature. (http://patents.ipophil.gov.ph/patsearch2/)Abstract of WO 0067223 (A2)

Synthesis

The literatures and existing prior arts that presented in this chapter gave sufficient information to the researchers and provide ideas that serve us the guide for the study of this system.

The concepts of the study on the interactive web-based learning materials help motivate students and support various learning techniques. Educators desire to maintain continuity in a time-limited classroom and aims to furnish the student knowledge in efficiently and effectively, must strive to challenge gifted students while helping striving students succeed. A big advantage of web-based instruction is the ability to provide one-to-one tutoring in a self-paced learning environment;

This study will greatly give advancement to the K-12 students, for the challenges faced by educators’ concern redefining literacy in terms of the new skills and competencies that will be relevant to a more international and increasingly technological society; however the availability of internet and YouTube connections are needed for this study to carry out its benefits.

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Dormitory Management System Review of Related Literature

The dormitory management system is an information system that will possibly replace the manual process of transactions and monitoring of students in the dormitory. The said project was developed in Visual Basic and MySQL. The list of literature presented below serves as a guide and reference for the conduct and development of the researcher’s own version of dormitory management that will fit the needs and requirements of the client.

Dormitory Management System Review of Related Literature

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature

A dormitory is a place where students could meet various people and develop friendships and it could also develop self-independence (Moffat, 1970). For some, living in a dorm is the typical college option. Dorm life means living on campus and not having to deal with the hassles of commuting and the need to cook for meals. On the other hand, living in a dorm means limited space. It also means dealing with a dorm roommate. Dorms also are not open all year long, so students have to find other accommodations on vacations. And dorm life usually means eating fixed meals. Living in a dorm can also affect the study habits of a student. Students who stay in on-campus dorms perform better academically than those in off-campus living arrangements. The main benefit to living on-campus is that a student is a short walk from the campus library, which can help a student succeed in his or her research papers. Closeness to the library contributes to students using their study time wisely. Though most students perform better academically, some students have their grades suffer because they are unable to focus on their studies with everything that’s going on around them because dorms are rarely solemn (Tsavo Media Canada Inc., 2010).

According to Flowers (2004) focuses exclusively on african american students and finds that living in the dormitories positively influenced measures of personal and social development skills that he suggests are essential for successful academic achievement.

According to Dinkmeyer and Dreikurs (1963) said that learning environments focus on the characteristics of classroom environments that affect learning, the teacher’s environment for learning, and the range of learning environment in which students participate, both in and out of the school. Classroom environments are positively influenced by opportunities with others who affect learners. Technologies also influence learning which can help teachers incorporate the tools in classroom activities.

According to Davis (1998) said that for many college students, an apartment is a serious step towards adulthood and freedom. Compared to a dorm, an apartment means space, a living area. A bathroom that only needs to be shared between a few people and students no longer have to rely on the campus dining hall, and can prepare their food from their own refrigerators in their own kitchen. On the other hand, the responsibilities of apartment life really can be a hassle. Suddenly students need to worry about monthly bills, furniture, and cooking. Depending on where the apartment is, students may also have to deal with the expenses and hassles of commuting. It could also affect the time the student spends for school works and might result to decrease in grades (Gladen, 2010).

There are some advantages and disadvantages when a student studies in his or her room. When the student is in the room, all that he or she needs like books, notes, and other study materials are already there. The student could also study immediately as soon as he or she opens the book, and it is also an advantage when studying in the room because the student could easily ask for help just down the hall. But there are also some shortcomings studying in the room. The room can be also one of the most distracting environments in which a student can choose to study. Schoolmates may drop in to visit, or a friend down the hall asks you to come and check something out, or somebody cooks or orders something that smells really good that could tempt the student to go and have some. In short, the possibilities for tempting distractions are practically endless (Hanna, 2006).

Related Studies

According to Kizlik (1997) stated that each student doesn’t have the same study needs. They study differently, and there are some study habits that works for one student but may not work for another. However, there are some general ways that seem to produce good results. No one would argue that every subject that the student has to take is going to be so interesting that studying it is not work but pleasure.

Students have different study habits which can cause them to do an excellent or poor work in school. Places for studying give big contributions for the study habits of a person. There are places that allows a person how or what to think depending on his or her choice of environment (Morgan, 1994).

A study place can be everywhere as long as the student is comfortable with it. There are many study places in which the student can choose. Deciding where to study can be just as important as how much or how hard a student studies. The environment that a student chooses can determine the mood, comfort level, and the effectiveness of the place when it comes to the student’s study habits. Kelley (1997) cited that in order to decide on where to study, a student should ask one’s self whether the environment where he or she is studying matches his or her learning style and preferences. Based on the student’s preferences, he or she should schedule the most challenging classes and intense study sessions in the environments that best match his or her needs.

According to Tobias (1994) mentioned that reading ability can be affected by the light contrast between print and paper color. There is a high contrast between black letters printed on white paper. Some people find it easier to read black print on blue or gray paper which has less contrast and is easier on their eyes. Being aware that light does make a difference, a student should s study in the environment that best matches his/her learning preferences. Moreover, the location of the study place is also one of the factors to be considered. It’s important when choosing a house and it’s important when choosing a room specially a student’s learning place. All other factors are also considered in choosing the location.

According to Blair et. al. (1975, p23), “an individual at any stage of his development is the product of organic and environmental factors working hand in hand. What the student is, what the student does, what the student becomes. In short, how a student reacts and behaves in all life situations can be explained in terms of these two interacting forces.”

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Variation among and within  boarding houses

Quality of the Physical Environment

(Duesenberry 1960) My research results will be presented in three main sections. Firstly, the variation found in the quality of the physical and social environment and management practices of boarding houses. Some were of a higher quality, others of lower quality. Secondly, some boarders are more vulnerable than others to accessing the poor quality boarding houses and to eviction. The level of vulnerability experienced by boarders depend on their personal circumstances and the broader systemic factors which impact on boarding houses and the sector. Personal vulnerability related to poor health and lack of resources, for example those in low paid employment having few financial resources. Systemic vulnerabilities will due to the failure of legislation and policy to protect boarders, including the weak tenancy protection provided by the Residential Tenancies Amendment Act (2010), the inadequate enforcement of current building standards, and lack of provision of adequate affordable housing. The last section illustrates the ways in wich the health workers, boarders, and landlord or managers made boarding houses work for them and suggests improvements for boarding houses in the future. The suggestions that were identified by participants are at individual and systemic level. The reporting of my results refers collectively to the boarders, health workers, and landlords and managers interviewed as participants, but specific points and individual qoutes are identified as being from boarders, health workers, and lanlordsor managers where appropriate.

The more negative descriptions of boarding houses included plain, barely furnished, tired, unmaintained  properties with broken windows, dishevelled chattels, rotting timber, damp and mould. Health workers and boarders who describe the poor conditions were visibly upset when they gave graphic accounts of what they saw. In one boarding house the landlord/ manager spoke about upgrading the place to a better standard when they bought the business. They Gradually invested to upgrade the house over ten-year period and maintained the property to what they considered to be a basic, but reasonable standard. The physical conditions in boarding houses were variable

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Mobile Based Quiz App Review of Related Literature

The project entitled mobile based quiz app is an alternative method for pen and paper type of test, the mobile application quiz app was designed in a hybrid type of mobile development which means that the project can be installed on both iOS and Android devices. JQuery Mobile and Apache Cordova were used as the development tools, JQM is composed of HTML, CSS and Javascript files and the Apache Cordova is responsible for compiling the project into a mobile application. This article will provide you with the studies and systems which are closely related to this project.

Mobile Based Quiz App Review of Related Literature

Foreign

The prevalence of mobile technologies is in itself a motivator to exploit them for learning. Mobile technologies are already widespread among children (NOP 2001). It makes sense, then, for an educational system with limited information and communication technology (ICT) resources to make the most of what children bring to the classroom.

(Hennessy 1999).Mobile technologies provide an opportunity for a fundamental change in education away from occasional use of a computer in a lab towards more embedded use in the classroom and beyond.

Sharples (2003) suggests that rather than seeing them as disruptive devices, educators should seek to exploit the potential of the technologies children bring with them and find ways to put them into good use for the benefit of learning practice.

Soloway et al (2001) have further argued that to make any difference in the classroom at all, computers must be mobile and within ‘arm’s reach’. The nature of learning is closely linked to the concept of mobility.

Vavoula and Sharples (2002) suggest that there are three ways in which learning can be considered mobile: “learning is mobile in terms of space, ie it happens at the workplace, at home, and at places of leisure; it is mobile between different areas of life, ie it may relate to work demands, self-improvement, or leisure; and it is mobile with respect to time, ie it happens at different times during the day, on working days or on weekends”.

The supposed value of mobiles also arises from the manner in which they facilitate lifelong learning. Mobiles can support the great amount of learning that occurs during the many activities of everyday life, learning that occurs spontaneously in impromptu settings outside of the classroom and outside of the usual environment of home and office. They enable learning that occurs across time and place as learners apply what they learn in one environment to developments in another (Sharples et al.)

(Sharples et al., 2007.) Mobile phones theoretically make learner-centered learning possible by enabling students to customize the transfer of and access to information in order to build on their skills and knowledge and to meet their own educational goals.

(Nyiri, 2002; Sharples et al., 2007) Given that social interaction is central to effective learning, as indicated by theories of new learning, mobile phones should also impact educational outcomes by facilitating communication. Mobiles permit collaborative learning and continued conversation despite physical location and thus advance the process of coming to know, which occurs through conversations across contexts and among various people. Via mobile technology, learners engage in conversation whereby they resolve differences, understand the experiences of others, and create common interpretations and shared understanding of the world.

(Geddes, 2004) In promoting educational modalities that accord with the theories of new learning, mLearning should offer an appeal aspect that also impacts educational outcomes. MLearning can be particularly appealing for those who have not succeeded in traditional learning environments; it can attract those not enamored by traditional learning approaches that are generalized and decontextualized in nature. Meaning is also beneficial in that it can provide immediate feedback and thus provide continued motivation for those who are not motivated by traditional educational settings. Moreover, mLearning presents an appeal simply because the use of mobile technology in and of itself presents something new and exciting for a great array of learner.

http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/794/1487

O’Neil, Wainess, & Baker, 2005) Games can also be adapted based on students’ needs. Appropriate scaffolding can be provided in games through the use of levels. Supports are embedded into games such that easier levels are typically played first, advancing on to more complex levels as the player achieves mastery. For example, scaffolding is built into the science mystery game Crystal Island by allowing students to keep records of the information they have gathered and the hypotheses they have drawn (Ash, 2011). Other scaffolding can be achieved through the use of graphics, such as navigation maps, which can lower a player’s cognitive load while playing the game.

http://researchnetwork.pearson.com/wpcontent/uploads/Lit_Review_of_Gaming_in_Education.pdf

(Black & Wiliam, 1998). Games also are built with clear goals and provide immediate feedback (Dickey, 2005). This allows players to change their game play in order to improve their performance and reach their goals. The idea of immediate feedback is also prominent in good formative assessment processes. Students will improve their work when given constructive feedback.

http://researchnetwork.pearson.com/wpcontent/uploads/Lit_Review_of_Gaming_in_Education.pdf

(Gee 2003. Spires 2008) GAMES frequently cited as an important mechanisms in teaching because they can accommodate a wide variety of learning style within a complex decision making context (Squirre 2006). The skills and context of many games take advantage of technology that is familiar to students and use relevant situation.

http://researchnetwork.pearson.com/wpcontent/uploads/Lit_Review_of_Gaming_in_Education.pdf

(Cf. Klopfer et al., 2011) Game design needs to adapt to different target groups, contexts, etc. (Adams, 2010). This in particular applies to the context of educational games. There is a vital need for tailoring learning offers (i.e. educational games) to learners’ needs, capabilities and according to learning targets. Intelligent adaptive game mechanisms generally reflect this need. To a certain degree, this also applies to the patterns Level or Score. This way, the pattern approach reflects varying target groups or contexts. A more specific analysis, e.g. the extent to which individual patterns reflect learners’ needs or capabilities, is needed. Though future research needs to verify the effectiveness of mobile learning games and to corroborate their educational value in order to motivate students to use such tools for teaching. Otherwise, the educational system may run the risk of disengaging future learners.

(Wang et al., 2008) There are a number of mobile game-based learning projects that have already tested and evaluated the effects of mobile games on students’ learning. Only few trace their findings back to individual game mechanisms or patterns in order to better understand why a game is successful. Instead, reports often reason effects with the use of the game itself, e.g. “students found the use of Lecture Quiz engaging, they perceived they learn more using such games.

Mobile technologies offer learning experiences which can effectively engage and educate contemporary learners and which are often markedly different from those afforded by conventional desktop computers. These devices are used dynamically, in many different settings, giving access to a broad range of uses and situated learning activities. The personal nature of these technologies means that they are well suited to engaging learners in individualized learning experiences, and to giving them increased ownership (and hence responsibility) over their own work. Most previous reviews of mobile technologies for learning categorize examples of use according to curriculum area. We believe that the benefits of mobile technologies for learning encompass more than just what an individual can do with a device, and that there is thus a need for  a wider review of new and emerging practices and how these relate to theories and paradigms previously established for the use of computers in education.

http://www2.futurelab.org.uk/resources/documents/lit_reviews/Mobile_Review.pdf

(Goodyear 2000) The close relation of learning to the context and the situation in which the learning need arises has been widely discussed in the literature (Brown et al1989; Lave and Wenger 1991) and the benefits of just-in-time, situated learning have been explored. Nyiri(2002) notes that knowledge  is information in context and since mobile devices enable the delivery of context-specific information they are well placed to enable learning and the construction of knowledge.

http://www2.futurelab.org.uk/resources/documents/lit_reviews/Mobile_Review.pdf

(Lederman & Fumitoshi, 1995) However, learning does not just end with the game. Debriefing is critical to using games in education as it provides the connection between learning in the game and applying those skills to other contexts. Teachers can facilitate the transfer of skills by leading pre- and post-game discussions which connect the game with other things students are learning in class (Ash, 2011). Ke (2009) concluded that instructional support features are necessary in order for the lessons learned in computer games to transfer to other contexts. Video games can be used to create deeper learning experiences for students, but they do not provide the entire experience. Steinkuehler & Chmiel (2006) suggest that games will not replace teachers and classrooms, but they might replace some textbooks and laboratories.

http://researchnetwork.pearson.com/wpcontent/uploads/Lit_Review_of_Gaming_in_Education.pdf

Local

The concept of mobile learning (mLearning) – understood for the purposes of this article as learning facilitated by mobile devices – is gaining traction in the developing world. The number of projects exploring the potential of mobile phone-facilitated mLearning in the developing world is steadily growing, spurred in part by the use of mobile technology in the educational sector in the developed world which has expanded from short-term trials on a small scale to large-scale integration. However, there remains a lack of analysis that brings together the findings of the rising number of mLearning projects in the developing world.

With the increasing attention now being given to the role of mobiles in the educational sector in developing countries, there is a need at this juncture to take stock of the available evidence of the educational benefits that mobile phones provide in the developing world. Consequently, this article explores the results of six mLearning projects that took place in several developing countries in Asia – the Philippines, Mongolia, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh – both because most developing-country mLearning interventions are being undertaken in Asia and because developments in Asia seem to indicate that the region could become the global leader in educational uses of mobiles (Motlik, 2008). In exploring how mobile phone-facilitated mLearning contributes to improved educational outcomes, this article examines two specific issues: 1) the role of mobiles in improving access to education, and 2) the role of mobiles in promoting new learning, those new learning processes and new instructional methods currently stressed in educational theory. Of note, the projects reviewed deal with both formal and non-formal education as defined by Dighe, Hakeem, and Shaeffer (2009, p. 60).

http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/794/1487

Review of Related Study

Despite improvements in educational indicators, such as enrolment, significant challenges remain with regard to the delivery of quality education in developing countries, particularly in rural and remote regions. In the attempt to find viable solutions to these challenges, much hope has been placed in new information and communication technologies (ICTs), mobile phones being one example. This article reviews the evidence of the role of mobile phone-facilitated mLearning in contributing to improved educational outcomes in the developing countries of Asia by exploring the results of six mLearning pilot projects that took place in the Philippines, Mongolia, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh. In particular, this article examines the extent to which the use of mobile phones helped to improve educational outcomes in two specific ways: 1) in improving access to education, and 2) in promoting new learning. Analysis of the projects indicates that while there is important evidence of mobile phones facilitating increased access, much less evidence exists as to how mobiles promote new learning

Skills Arena (Lee et al 2004) is a mathematics video game, implemented using the Nintendo Game Boy Advance system that supplements traditional curricular and teaching methods.

(Lonsdale et al 2003; 2004) MOBIlearn, a major European research project, is focusing on the context-aware delivery of content and services to learners with mobile devices.

http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/794/1487

(Keegan, 2002) In so much as mLearning exerts an impact on educational outcomes by increasing access, mLearning represents a continuation and improvement of distance learning through increased utility and applicability MLearning, the literature suggests, broadens the availability of quality education materials through decreased cost and increased flexibility while also enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of education administration and policy.

http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/794/1487

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Enrolment System Review of Related Literature

Enrolment system is composed of several modules such as the student registration, faculty profile, curriculum management, subject information, accounting system, grades management and many more.

Enrollment System Review of Related Literature

REVIEWS OF LITERATURE AND PRIOR OF ARTS

This article includes the different Concepts, Understanding, Ideas, Generalization or Conclusions and different development related to study of the enrolment from past up to the present and which serves as the researcher’s guides in developing of project. This chapter presents various related literature and prior arts which are relevant in the conduct of this study.

LOCAL STUDIES                                      

Lspc Enrollment System                             

According to Garcia (2002) – the study can be a great help to persons concerned during the enrollment period, the registrar, instructor of the students as they retrieval necessary information when needed and lessen the burden manually browsing over enrollment slip for record purposes.

LEARNING:To help reduce the work and makes easier to track the information about the students, the viewing of class list, and keeping the record details.

REFERENCE:http://thesisbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Chapter%20II.html

LOCAL STUDIES

Dagupan City National High School Enrollment System (DCNHS)

According to Cayabyab(2007). These major concerns are affecting the efficient enrollment of students. Security of the students records were found to be at high risk. It may fail to protect some important documents. It has also untimely and inefficient report generation. A computerized for (DNHS) shall result to a significant increase in the number of enrollees.

LEARNING:     To secured and protect the important documents of the students and have a best increase the number of enrollees that affect the efficient enrollment of the students.

REFERENCE:http://thesisbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Chapter%20II.html

FOREIGN STUDIES

Edith Cowan University Web Enrollment System (ECUWES)

According to Koft(2007) The system offers immediacy and convenience of course enrollment via the internet. The said university in Australia is currently enrolling more than 5,000 new students with easier transactions cause of their online enrollment system.

LEARNING: To help the work easier to transaction the students information and the new enrolees haven’t experience any hassle at all.

REFERECE:http://thesisbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Chapter%20II.html

FOREIGN STUDIES

Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES)

According to Dzubeck Frank(2003) is a broad system. It is a combination of different function areas such as databases, searching, retrieval, and update of student records, checking of students’ schedule, computation of fees. Inspired by the advancement of modern technology and the problems regarding enrolment transactions the proponents have come up with an online enrolment system exclusively for school with many enrolees. Several factors are considered in designing the proposed system. First is the tedious task of filling out application forms and inaccuracies of information provided by the students that cause delay on the enrolment process. Other is that were problems on giving and announcing schedules of enrolees and cause for them to be late at their very first class.

LEARNING:     Help gathered data necessary in the enrolment system for the success of the study in providing benefit for the employees and students so they can have access and have the ability to manage information directly and conveniently.

REFERENCE:http://thesisbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Chapter%20II.html

FOREIGN SYSTEM

Registration System

According to Lopez (2005), a Registration system helps and provides efficient and reliable services to the students, enrolment personnel and administration. this system improved the process of enrolment in terms of searching, retrieving and subject schedules.

LEARNING: Helps the system querying the process of the enrolees, the enrolment personnel and administration in terms of viewing the subject schedules and grades.

REFERENCE:http://thesisbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Chapter%20II.html

FOREIGN SYSTEM

Enrollment System

According to www.scribd.com, (2011) enrolment is the process of entering and verifying data of students to register on a particular school. Different interrelated processes build up enrolment procedures called Enrolment System (ES). ES are used particularly in recording and retrieving student information. Tracking student information is also one feature of ES, in which the school can trace the standing of a student. Verifying payment was also added to update or browse student billings.

LEARNING: Helps the process to entering and verifying the data of the students and tracking down the information of enrollees and updating the student billing.

REFERENCE:https://www.cram.com/essay/Enrollment-System-Related-Literature-And-Studies/FKG9XH35J

LOCAL SYSTEM

Web Based Enrollment System

According to Forman (2007), continuing innovation in technologies can lead to organizational changes that range from improvement of day to day operation and for easy access it provides for the end users.

LEARNING:     Helps to improve the process that can easily tracking down the student information as well as the user access to provide easy use and improve work effectively.

REFERENCE:http://thesisbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Chapter%20II.html

LOCAL SYSTEM

Monitoring System

According to Mane (2000) the system will help a lot to the administrator to easily accomplish a task, mentioned that the creation of the computer made the easier to accomplish task than by doing it manually, to have the direct access on straightforward answer just monitoring record where in the needs of computer make possible for everyone to get data in a particular need.

LEARNING:     Helps the process to direct access the records of the student’s information and scheduling. By the computerized system it makes a hassle free for everyone.

REFERENCE:http://thesisbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Chapter%20II.html

SYNTHESIS

In this study, we learned that Enrolment System show that computerized system is much better than the manual processing. The studies stated that having a database is important for saving students information which is similar to the proposed system that helps to track student lines. Systems of the related studies stated that only authorized personnel can only access the system same in proposed system where only admin and the school principal can access the system. But then, they have the same purpose, it is to secure the data of the students and to be easy for them to manage and not time consuming. The study that they build is a Web Application to support a standard browser feature. The studies support the use of application using web so students can access the websites. By this function it lessens their work and less time consumed in handling the enrolment process for the students.

Credits to the authors and developers.

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Medical and Dental Record System User Interface and Features

Project Description

The Medical and Dental Record System is a LAN Based Application written in Visual Basic and MySQL. These include patient’s personal information, official health records, medical and dental history, daily transaction, medicine log and inventory, common and uncommon illness.

The school clinic is responsible in keeping these records secure and accessible. This is because, these records serves as basis in producing patients information like medical and dental history.

Medical and Dental Record System Dental Examination Form

This will help the clinic personnel process records and keep the patients information in faster and accurate way. It will help to keep and handle essential information of the patients for their convenience. Clinic personnel can easily access and retrieve information regarding with patients records.

Menu Structure of the System

Records Menu – Health Record, Student Level, Cases, Transaction/Consultation, Dental, Medicine, Users, and About the System

Reports Menu – Patient History, Health Records, Daily Log, Dental Log

Settings Menu – Setup Theme, Date and Time Settings

Medical and Dental Record System User Interface and Features

System Features and User Interface

1. Medical and Dental Record System Main Form

The main form of the program is the form that opens after the login process. The main form is the form in order to access the other forms of the program. The image below shows the main form of the medical and dental system.

Medical and Dental Record System Main Form

2. Medical and Dental Record System User Account Form

User account form is the form where the administrator can add, update and delete other users. Users registered in the system are the only one that can access the records of the system.

Medical and Dental Record System User Account Form

3. Medical and Dental Record System Patient Information Encoding Form

Personal information of the patient and other necessary records are being encoded in the system, this is a one-time registration. Information recorded in this module is considered as confidential, thus, the administrator can only edit and update the information but the system also creates a log of all transactions.

Medical and Dental Record System Patient Information Encoding Form

4. Medical and Dental Record System Disease Archiving Form

List of diseases are being encoded in the system for archiving and reporting purposes. The image below shows the form for the encoding process of the diseases.

Medical and Dental Record System Disease Archiving Form

5. Medical and Dental Record System Medicine Information Encoding Form

List of medicines and its usage and purpose are also part of the record keeping of this project. Dispersal of medicines is being recorded for inventory purposes.

Medical and Dental Record System Medicine Information Encoding Form

6. Medical and Dental Record System Dental Examination Form

Results of dental examination are being recorded and archived, dental logs and history of every patient is also available for every patient. The form below shows the form for dental examination encoding process.

Medical and Dental Record System Dental Examination Form

7. Medical and Dental Record System Consultation Encoding Form

Consultation form is the heart of the project, every complaints, diagnostic and treatment of patient is being recorded in this form. Dispersal of medicine is also recorded in this module of the project.

Medical and Dental Record System Consultation Encoding Form

8. Medical and Dental Record System Patient Consultation History Form

This module can produce a printable format of the list of consultation record of every patient.

Medical and Dental Record System Patient Consultation History Form

9. Medical and Dental Record System Health Records Form

Health record form/module can provide the list of diseases and the number of occurrences every month, this module can also provide a graphical version of the record.

Medical and Dental Record System Health Records Form

System Deployment

Software Requirements

• Windows Operating System

People Requirements

• Medical and Dental Record Personnel – they are the persons who take charge for record keeping. Since they are the ones assigned for encoding and retrieving patients record as well as statistical report needed, they must learn how to use the system.

Recommendations

The Medical and Dental Record System is an alternative form of record keeping to the manual process of operation, automation is more accurate, fast and reliable compare to the manual process, with the reason presented, the developers strongly recommends the utilization of the said project. A web version of the project is also part of the improvement that can be implemented.

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Mobile Based Board Exam Reviewer Review of Related Literature

The mobile based reviewer app is another method for learners to study and review their lessons using their mobile devices. The said project is available in both Android and iOS devices, it was written in Framework 7 and Apache Cordova, it is a hybrid type of mobile development where in the HTML, CSS and JS files can be converted into a mobile application.

Mobile Based Board Exam Reviewer Review of Related Literature

The application contains lecture materials in a form of text, pdf and video format. Assessment for every lessons in a form of multiple choices is also one of the function of the mobile app. Scores and progress result are stored in the local storage of the device but the scores are also submitted to the instructor for monitoring purposes. The application can be used offline which means that the users can still open their lessons and take quizzes even if their device has no internet connection. Another feature of the app is that it has an admin panel where in the administrator upload new lessons and quizzes, that’s why the device must be online and connected to the internet for the updates of lessons and quizzes.

The following studies presented in this article focuses on the use of mobile devices for learning and study purposes, it also serves as the guidelines for the researchers and developers in the development of the Mobile Based Board Exam Reviewer.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The Android-based board reviewer for students is very helpful and significant in many reason; the students can enhance their capability learning, the students having a wider and deep understanding and preparation on the different areas given by the Philippine Regulatory Commission by using smart phones. In line with these, Android app developers have appeared in the industry in the current and past. Android is an open source platform and allows the developer to gain an edge over his rivals. The developer’s group is regularly working on different application and feeds it with some of the latest technical and sophisticated advancements. This assures that the android system is less insecure to failures, apart from being without bugs. (http://sginteractive.wordpress.com /2014/09/24/main-benefits-of-android-application-development/)

E-Learning via Android Application

According to Hariharlall,Vibhagharan Nair (2012),this project focused on developing a mobile application that includes the major functionalities of the UTP E-Learning website which are used by students, into a stand-alone mobile application (M-Learning). UTP E-Learning is a website created for students to ease the usage of the website, it is also a platform for the students to upload and download any education related notes or files. It also allow students to access the E-learning system at any time using only their smart phone, view important announcements, download lecture notes as well as modifying their profile. The methodology used to develop this project is Rapid Application Development. In a nutshell, M-Learning is a mobile application that will help students to utilize the E-Learning website in an easy and portable platform. (http://utpedia.utp.edumy/6276/)

Mobile learning and mobility in teacher training

The mobile learning project is a mobile device that used for educational activities. The main perspective in this article is in teacher training. We present experiences of how mobile technology was used in teacher training, how trainees and supervising teacher’s felt the use of mobile technology. The supervising teacher and trainee students discuss and share their ideas about teaching methods and etc., through mobile devices and also use SMS-messaging and digital pictures as a part of supervising process. The use of digital pictures which were delivered via a mobile device came up to be surprisingly successful. The goal of these is to create flexible teaching solutions, which will enable the accessing of information with all kinds of devices, and to support learning in a variety of situations. Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education(2002)(http://www.researchgate.net/publication/3970906_Mobile_learning_and_mobility_in_teacher_training)

MOBIlearn

According to Samrajiva and Zainudeen,(2008)said that MOBIlearn is a major European research project, that focused on the context-aware delivery of content and services to learners with mobile devices. Also relevant is the fact that mobile phone ownership is increasingly more common in the lower socio-economic segments of society. (http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/794/1487)

MOBILE PLATFORM

The mobile phone is one of the quickest to be adopted technologies in human history.  The Apple iPhone and Google Android have already begun to popularize this paradigm shift. Soon, even low end phones will be deployed with fast processors, long battery life, and rich sensing capabilities (such as GPS, accelerometer, infrared light, etc.). And, unlike their desktop counterparts, mobile phones have the unique property of always being on hand, a near constant companion of their users. In this way, the mobile phone will become a sort of digital extension of the user, sensing context as the user moves about the world. However, tools and techniques that have long been refined for creating successful desktop computing environments do not translate well to the mobile environment. The focus of our proposal is on developing the next generation of mobile computing applications, which will incorporate a near-constant internet connection, novel interactions (e.g., multi-touch), sensors, and machine learning (e.g., activity inference) to provide rich, interactive experiences. (http://www.Sreenivasa.org/pdf/sreenivasa.pdf)

Mobile in Promoting New Learning

Mobiles can support the great amount of learning that occurs during the many activities of everyday life, learning that occurs spontaneously in impromptu settings outside of the classroom and outside of the usual environment of home and office. They enable learning that occurs across time and place as learners apply what they learn in one environment to developments in another. Mobile phones theoretically make learner-centred learning possible by enabling students to customize the transfer of and access to information in order to build on their skills and knowledge and to meet their own educational goals. (Sharples, et. al., 2005, pp. 2, 4; 2007, pp. 222-23). (http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/794/1487)

 Mobile in Improving Access to Education

MLearning, as Visser and West (2005) suggest, for those in rural or remote areas where environmental and infrastructure challenges hinder other learning modalities, particularly eLearning, mLearning presents great opportunities. For the individual learner, mobile technology is much less cost-prohibitive than other technologies like personal computers and broadband connections that are necessary for eLearning. (http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/794/1487)

Self-Learning

According to A. H. Segueira,(2012) self-learning is at an advantage to use this form of non-formal mode of education using self-paced learning materials.  To make this learning process effective, it is essential for a Trainer to have the conceptual knowledge of self-learning approach and also the design of self-learning modules and materials. This flexibility is an importance characteristic in open learning process. With the advent of information technology for communication, the other modes of instructions are slowly disappearing. The learner is getting accustomed more and more to non-formal mode of education thereby shifting the preference to self-learning methods. Even most of the print materials that come into the market are meant for self-learning. Self-learning modules are designed where the learner is free to choose what to learn, how to learn, when to learn and where to learn.(http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2111057)

Recommendations

The usual method to assess the performance of the students is through an assessment in a form of test; this is a time consuming on the part of the instructors since the instructors will manually check the test papers. With the use of new techniques such as the app-based reviewer app, it can provide fast result on review quizzes, on the go type of learning is also very helpful on the part of the students. With the proper use of technology, the academic community will be one of the many institutions who can use these technologies to adapt and enhance to the new style of learning, with these the researchers encourage and recommends the use of this mobile reviewer app as another method for teaching and learning.

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Map Based Tour Guide Application

This system will serve as the guide for the tourist. The system will help them find Hotels, Tourist Spots, Restaurants and Resorts. The system will provide a map showing routes of every places and establishments for them to know the location. Map Based Tour Guide Application is an Android based, so it is applicable for all android devices but there are also some limitations to it. It depends upon the quality and the capacity of the mobile phone that could possibly access the system as an app. The system has the admin section where he/she can add, delete, change and update the information on the map while the user can only view the map and see the data on each places.

Map Based Tour Guide Application

Related Literature

Interactive Mobile Based Tour Guide

According to SAITM Research Symposium on Engineering Advancements 2013. Nowadays tourists expect to get personalized access to tourism information at any time, from anywhere through any media. Mobile tourism guides provide the user with such a ubiquitous access. Sri Lanka being a popular tourist destination entertains a large number of tourists each year. Tourists are issued a printed guide booklet to find out interesting places during the visit. Due to the lack of up to date information and navigation support, tourists are not able to visit all the attractions during a visit. Our researched was based on discovering a solution to improve this situation providing convenience to the visitors. This paper presents the work carried out in developing an interactive mobile tour guide application to replace the traditional tour guide booklet. Main features of the application are; virtual tour of important places located, voice-based information provider, location identifier and a map-based path selection function to select the best path to a specified destination within the premises. The application was developed based on the Android platform and delivered as a mobile application. Main goal of this project is to help the tourists to travel on their own and take full advantage of the visit without missing the main attractions (www. saitm.edu.lk).

Smart Travel Guide: Application for Mobile Phone

According to pooja D. Watkar, prof. M. R. shahade (4/3/2013). The application aims to detailed text, pictures, videos and other guidance information are provided, and so people can better understand the tourist attractions and make decision objectively. It has selected for you the best activities, hotels and restaurant in city. Flexible map display and control functions and location support are provided in Android for mobile system design. User can search the nearby attraction after he she configures the distance between the current location and the view spots. When the users move out of the current location, the mobile phone will automatically send its new position to the server side, and the corresponding attractions lists will be received by the user (www.ijrise.org).

Beneficiaries of the Study/Project

Tourist/Visitor. It will guide the visitors/tourist on their way to visit the place when they want to visit the area. They were be able to easily identify where the direction and location of the certain places, since they are visitor they will be guided with the use of the system.

Researchers. This research will be beneficial to the researchers in a way that they may able to develop their  research skills at the same time they will  be exposed to the real situation while conducting research that will developed their writing skills and confident. It will also serve as a reference to the net researcher who plans to conduct a study related to this.

Development Tools

Software Requirements

The following is the list of software requirements used for development and implementation of the system.

Development

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the set of markup symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a World Wide Web browser page. The markup tells the Web browser how to display a Web page’s words and images for the user.

CSS Stands for “Cascading Style Sheet.” Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web pages. They can be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously could only be defined in a page’s HTML.

JavaScript is a programming language commonly used in web development. It was originally developed by Netscape as a means to add dynamic and interactive elements to websites. While JavaScript is influenced by Java, the syntax is more similar to C and is based on ECMAScript, a scripting language developed by Sun Microsystems.

The researchers choose these platforms for developing an application for migration of web apps and cross-linking user interfaces that can be produced in spite of giving add-on features within our application. This is Primary programming language in creating this application.

Apache Cordova

It’s a platform for building native mobile applications using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. This allows you to build mobile applications locally.

The researchers choose this because this allows a smartphone app to be developed with just HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

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Personnel Information Management System

The project entitled Personnel Information Management System is a web based project using PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap, Visual Basic and MySQL version is also available.

The system includes the profiling of personnel, keeping track of their academic achievements, seminars attended and many more.

The said project is for the HR or human resource department which will help them in the record and archiving of their employees profile.

Development Tools of Personnel Information Management

Software Requirements

The proposed system includes the following components to be used by the researchers to develop their system:

Software Development The researcher used the following software to develop their system such as: Hypertext Markup language (HTML5), Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), JavaScript, PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, (SQL) Structured Query Language, SQL server, WAMPP.

HTML5

As cited from this website (www.techopedia.com) Hypertext Markup Language revision 5 (HTML5) is a core technology markup language for the structure and presentation of World Wide Web contents. HTML5 supports the traditional HTML and XHTML style syntax and other new features in its markup, New APIs, XHTML and error handling.

CSS

According to this website (www.techterms.com) Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web pages. They can be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously could only be defined in a page’s HTML.

JAVASCRIPT

According to this website (www.developer.mozilla.org)JavaScript® (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object oriented language with first class functions, and is best known as the scripting language for Web pages, but it’s used in many non browser environments as well. It is a prototype based, multi paradigm scripting language that is dynamic, and supports object oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

SQL

As cited from this website (www.searchsqlserver. techtarget.com) SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard interactive and programming language for getting information from and updating database. Although SQL is both an ANSI and an ISO standard, many database products support SQL with proprietary extensions to the standard language. Queries take the form of a command language that lets you select, insert, update, find out the location of data, and so forth. There is also a programming interface.

WAMPP

As cited from this website (www. webopedia.com)

Acronym for Windows/Apache/MySQL/PHP, Python, (and/or) PERL the acronym WAMP refers to a set of free (open source) applications, combined with Microsoft Windows, which are commonly used in Web server environments. The WAMP stack provides developers with the four key elements of a Web server: an operating system, database, Web server and Web scripting software. The combined usage of these programs is called a server stack. In this stack, Microsoft Windows is the operating system (OS),Apache is the Web server, MySQL handles the database components, while PHP, Python, or PERL represents the dynamic scripting languages.

System Modules and User Interfaces (Visual Basic Version)

List of Personnel Information Form – the image below shows the list of personnel stored in the system; the user can search the records by id, name and lastname. The scanned document of personal data sheet can also be uploaded in the system. Records are grouped according to the gender of the employees; it is visible in the sidebar part of the system.

List of Personnel Information Form

Personnel Profile Encoding Form – the image below is the encoding form of the personnel information management system. The information stated by the employee in their personal data sheet is being encoded and stored in the system by the HR personnel.

Personnel Profile Encoding Form

Database Design of the Personnel Information Management System  – the image below shows the database design in MS Access format, please contact us for MySQL version of the schema.

Database Design of Personnel Information System

Beneficiaries of the Study/Project

Human Resource Manager. The system will give a reliable security for the HR department for the information of the employee’s, and manage the information in an organized way with decision making.

Human Resource Office Personnel. The system will lessen the time work also in losing and duplication of information in implementing a computer-based system by, storing, profiling, hiring, adding, updating, reports of leave and retirement.

Employee. The system will give information for the records of each employee’s to have a promotion and take leave or retirement.

Personnel Information Management System

Recommendation

The folder and cabinet method of record keeping is still part of the archiving process, but this method is very difficult for the updating of records, thus the implementation of information system for personnel information management is strongly recommended.

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Records Management System for Economic Enterprise Office

The project entitled Records Management System for Economic Enterprise Office is a computer based solution that will help the said office to automate their transactions.

The project is available in Visual Basic/MS Access version, Visual Basic and MySQL, and web version in PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap.

Records Management System Order Report Form

The features of the developed system were focused on the following: log in/log out, electronic recording of the client information, products or items evaluation, database maintenance, and help assistant. The developed software allows the recording of orders, and payments, and generating of reports which the administrator can perform the entire system and control.

Related Literature

Recording system

S.J Wanous, E.E Wanous, Gerald E. Wagner (1971) Recording is the process of writing, rewriting, or reproducing data by hand or by machine. In a manual system, data are recorded in human language on a wide variety of forms. In the unit-record and electronic computer systems, data are also recorded on these forms in human language. After, they are recorded in some code form acceptable to the system being used.

Records Management System for Economic Enterprise Office

Management Information System

Management Information System (MIS) “generate information for monitoring performance and maintaining coordination.” (Key System Application in the Office/division, n.d.) This means that the administration of the company (at any level, meaning top management or middle management) monitors the information coming in and going out from the office through the use of a management information system. Since the company has several branches around, their MIS must give the management (even if an officer isn’t on the main office) the ability to view information flow on all outlets.(http://princessitas.wikispaces.com)

Computer-Based Inventory, Record Keeping and Monitoring System

In the study conducted by Tolentino, the Computer-Based Inventory, Record Keeping and Monitoring System for the Property and Equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies is a potential application system that can be considered as a Business Software for which it contains a large array of database where information stored can be accessed and retrieve. Computerized Inventory System is a computer program that track inventory and creates automated replenishment order. Computerizing the inventory system brings the organization the potential improvement in accuracy and speed through better analysis of inventory trends, including the pattern of processing and recording. Furthermore, immediate result will be more timely and accurate information about, item presently on hand. It also facilitates business operations that can be used established programs and projects for further improvements of the business enterprise.

The study presented by Tolentino had a great impact on the present study, particularly on the design and development of the features and functionalities of developed system. This gives the project proponents basis on the importance and the benefits of the monitoring system for the bookstore personnel. (http://region3.dost.gov.ph/index.php)

Test Plan

In this phased, the proposed system is undergone testing to ensure that the software that we used is compatible in our system. The main purposed is to test if the reliability and functionality of the system is developed well. In the survey, the developers used testing instrument tool in measuring according to Carter V. Good and Douglas F. Scates. And the researchers used McCall’s Software Quality Model which was validated by the IT expert.

Menu Structure of Records Management System

File Menu – Backup Database, Change Password, Restore Database, Log-out and Exit menu

Records Menu – Order Entry, Uniforms, Course

Transaction Menu – Payment, Balance

Reports Menu – Order Report, Collection Report, Balances

System Modules and Screenshots

1. Records Management System Order Details Encoding Form

The image below shows the order details form, it includes the information of the customers and the list of order information

Records Management System Order Details Encoding Form

2. Records Management System Claim Order Form

The claim order form will display the list of ordered items by the customers.

Records Management System Claim Order Form

3. Records Management System Payment Form

Payment form is the module where the payment transactions are being record and stored

Records Management System Payment Form

4. Records Management System Balance Detail Form

The balance detail form will display the list of orders and as well as the list of payments of every customer.

Records Management System Balance Detail Form

5. Records Management System Collection Report Form

Collection Report module is the summary of payment collected from the customers

Records Management System Collection Report Form

6. Records Management System Order Report Form
7. Records Management System Order Report Printable Format

Records Management System Order Report Form

Records Management System Order Report Printable Format

The order report module is the summary of all orders from the customers, order report can be printed out and records can be exported in excel format.

Credits to the authors and developers of the project.

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Android Based Psychology App Review of Related Literature

The following literature both local and foreign serves as a guide in the conduct of this study and serves as a guide in the development of the Android Based Psychology App.

The application was written in JQuery Mobile, it is a HTML5 framework for faster development of web and mobile based project. Phonegap Build is a tool that will convert your html, css and js files into an android application (apk). LocalStorage is a type of web storage that allows Javascript websites and apps to store and access data right in the browser with no expiration.

Android Based Psychology App Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

The future is the result of actions, and actions are the result of behavior, and behavior is the result of prediction. It is the result of thinking, not the process of thinking that occurs spontaneously in consciousness. You have a deep desire to be right all of the time and a deeper desire to see yourself in a positive light both morally and behaviorally. You can stretch your mind pretty far to achieve these goals.

This literature explains on how our brain controls and affects our behavior and gives results of our actions, predictions, thinking and consciousness. This also gives us findings about delusions that we hold.

Life hands us a lot of hard choices, and other people can help us more than we might realize. We often think we should make important decisions using just our own internal resources. What are the pros and cons? What does my gut tell me? But often we have friends and family who know us in ways we don’t know. If you have the feeling of choice, if you feel free, you will be better off. And when I say better off I mean that if people feel they have control over their lives, they call in for fewer sick days from work. They have a lesser probability of having a heart attack or stroke. They live longer. They’re happier.

This literature explains how our choices affect, shape and define us.  Our brain make us made our decisions everyday .Choices will provide changes that may happen in our lives.

Once you know a habit exists, you have the responsibility to change it . . . others have done so . . . That, in some ways, is the point of this book. Perhaps a sleep-walking murderer can plausibly argue that he wasn’t aware of his habit, and so he doesn’t bear responsibility for his crime, but almost all of the other patterns that exist in most people’s lives — how we eat and sleep and talk to our kids, how we unthinkingly spend our time, attention and money — those are habits that we know exist. And once you understand that habits can change, you have the freedom and the responsibility to remake them. Once you understand that habits can be rebuilt, the power of habit becomes easier to grasp and the only option left is to get to work.

Habits are new behaviors that become automatic. This literature explains how our brain affects and controls our habit and behavior. It offers suggestions on how to break our bad habits and build up new habits in their place.

Foreign Study

Organisms constantly engage in active appraisal of their environment which allows them to adapt and thrive. Environmental appraisals evoke emotional responses that prepare the organism for action such as whether to approach or avoid a stimulus that it detects. The idea of approach and avoidance motivation has been used as a broad framework for the link between emotion and behavior.

This is similar to the present study because it also evoke emotional responses of living organisms which is also relate to the behavior of them.

Only persistence was predictive of higher levels of antisocial behavior in adulthood. Moreover, only persistence was associated with problems with alcohol use, illicit drug use, missing school or work and getting in trouble with the police. Our results emphasize the importance and impact of the persistence of antisocial behavior on mental health and crime and suggest that future research should examine the importance of persistence relative to onset, as persistence is predictive of antisocial behavior and alcohol and drug abuse in adulthood over and above onset. Further research should examine how protective factors can prevent antisocial behavior from arising and/or desisting antisocial behavior in adolescents before they reach adulthood.

This is similar to the present study because it is more about the behavior of adults who that are addicted and associated with alcohol, illicit drugs use that reflects to their psychological behavior. This also helps and examines how to protect and it also gives information about in mental behavior especially for those drug abuses.

Every day, humans are faced with innumerable decisions. Individuals must weigh the alternatives, assess the risks, and select the option that will satisfy the interests of the intended beneficiary. Humans make decisions based on a subjective interpretation of information, and consequently, individuals interpret a set of identical information differently (Savage, 1954). The interpretation of information is influenced by motives, previous knowledge, feelings and a myriad of other cognitive, social and emotional influences (Redhead, 2009).

This is similar to the present study because it is the study for the human’s decisions at every day risk. There are more options that will give information to individual’s decisions for the social and emotional influences based to their decisions.

Local Literature

As painful as it is to see them move on with their lives without you, it is much more agonizing to see yourself stuck in the past—unmoved, pitiful, and miserable.  Learn to love again. Believe that somewhere along the road, someone will come and will make you realize that love is worth experiencing, even with all those hardships.

This literature suggests that all people should move on from the past to relax our mind from miserable effects that may affect our behavior.

Laughter heals on many levels as I explain in my “9 Ways Humor Heals” post, and so does crying. You think it’s just a coincidence that you always feel better after a good cry? Nope, there are many physiological reasons that contribute to the healing power of tears. Some of them have been documented by biochemist William Frey who has spent 15 years as head of a research team studying tears.

This literature explains that laughter is the best cure to everything. We should laugh to relieve our sadness and relax ourselves and minds.

Filipinos are the second largest Asian American population in the United States and have been identified as one of the high-risk Asian American groups for mental disorders. Yet as a population they remain understudied and underserved. Existing studies are quantitative and have been conducted on college age students that are transitioning to adulthood. We know little about the help-seeking behavior for mental health services among Filipino Americans in adulthood and in their own voice.

This literature explains that there are more Filipinos need a seek knowledge about mental behavior which affects their lives as they grow.

Local Study

In this paper, we have presented a study examining the prevalence of student behaviors associated with disengagement in the USA and Philippines. This study controlled for method and learning environment – hence, differences found can be attributed to differences between the schools and/or their populations. The study found that off-task behavior was significantly higher in the USA, but that gaming the system was significantly more frequent in the Philippines.

This is similar to the present study because it also gives information about different of mental behavior. It has also many differences information that may found about mental behavior. This study is about learning and giving some important knowledge about mental behavior.

Over the last several decades, there has been considerable evidence that off-task behavior is less common in East Asia and Southeast Asia than in the United States. However, comparisons have been confounded along several dimensions, including differences in curricula and research methods. In this paper, we use quantitative field observations in three studies to compare the rates of off-task behavior and other disengaged behaviors among students in the Philippines and USA. In each study, students use the same intelligent tutoring software, controlling for both curriculum and study method. We find that students in the Philippines exhibited significantly less off-task behavior than students in the USA.

This is similar to the present study because of many comparisons and differences researches available about mental behavior. It also has many observations and study about student’s behaviour.

Approximately 12% of American women are affected by a depressive disorder annually. Filipinos are the second largest subgroup of Asian Americans comprising of 18% of all Asian Americans, however, little research is available on their mental health status. Previous studies have indicated that Asian Americans underutilize mental health services and are reluctant to seek mental health services due to shame and stigma.

This is similar to the present study because this also gives information about the facts about human behavior. It also indicates the differences between different mental health statuses of different people.

References:

1. Mcraney D.(2011,October), You Are Not So Smart: A Celebration of Self Delusion;, http://youarenotsosmart.com/the-book
2. Iyengar S. (2010,March)The Art Of Choosing. http://www.afnet.org/files/ContentDocuments/theArtofChoosing_Summary.pdf
3. Duhigg C. (2012,February)The Power of Habit;Why We Do in Life and Business.,http://www.thegoodreads.com/work/quotes/76244817-the-power-of-habit
4. http://www.deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/107735/badhawara.pdf.;Action Tendencies of caretaking emotion(2014)
5. http://www.deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/107777/chrishu.pdf.,Effects of Onset and Persistence of Anti-Social Behavior On Adulthood 1(2014)
6. http://www.deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/96950/pkotuis.pdf.,Acute Stress and Decision Making(2012)
7. Vila AC. “5 harsh Realities that will motivate you to move on”

Philstar , Manila, PH (July 2014)

8. Vila AC.”5 Tips: Psychology Of Moving On” Philstar, Manila, PH(July 2014)
9. Macdonald Emeka “Ways of Mending A Broken Heart” ., http://www.emekamacdonald.blogspot.com(April 2013)
10. Smith College Libraries (2007) Factors Affecting Help Seeking Behaviors for Mental Health Services among Filipino https://dspace.smith.edu/handle/11020/1076?show=full
11. Rodrigo MMT. (2010) Comparing Disengaged Behavior within a cognitive tutor in the USA andPhilippines., http://www.columbia.edu?rsb2162/BRDMany-v14.pdf
12. Rodrigo MMT. (2013) Student Off Task Behavior in Computer Based Learning in the Philippines: Comparison to Prior Research in the USA.http://www.columbia.edu/~rsb2162/off-task%20behavior-TCR-v23-fd.pdf
13. VM Kading (2011) Prevalence of and Attitudes toward depression among Filipino American Women; http://w3.nursing.arizona.edu/Library/Kading_VM.pdf
14. http:/www.factslide.com/s.psychology.,Psychology.Random Facts(2013)

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Guide Questions for the Development of Barangay System

1. What is the current state/issue of the organization that the project is addressing?

The current state of the barangay under the department of Management Information system (MIS) is they have the manual process of encoding their files such their barangay clearances, barangay indecency, barangay certification, barangay ID and recording of their treasury.

Guide Questions for the Development of Barangay System

2. What is the project objective that can address the current state/issue of the organization?

The goal of our team is to make a system to help them encode their files in cloud for less documented papers, folders, envelopes and it they will have a huge space for other things. They can just type, save and print.

3. How will the project address the current state/issue? Describe in term of creating solution model/framework that will bring organizational improvement and sustainable competitive advantages.

File Management system that will record all the documents for the Barangay.

4. Describe the activities/steps the project will undertake to build the solution model/framework to achieve the project objectives.

First we should know how many citizens are living in barangay. And then, the flow of the process in the barangay. How the people can get their clearances, certification, etc. We need to observe the every flow of the process to see how we will create the system.

5. What makes the idea innovative or different from existing approach or solutions that are addressing the current state/issue(s) described?

Before they are using the manual system, they are searching through folders and cabinets. So it takes times for them just to search for one just one name for the barangay clearance or if they are valid citizen in the barangay. But now, they can just search to the new system by just typing the name of the citizen if they are valid citizen or not.

6. How will the project contribute toward achieving the strategic objectives of the organization?

It will help the personnel of the barangay for a hassle free work. Because before they are having a hard time just to find the paper of the person who’s getting his or her record in the barangay. Sometimes it is missing or miss placed by the personnel.

7. What are the expected results of the project? How will the beneficiaries benefit from the project? How are they measure?

This will the personnel of the barangay to have enough time for other works. It will be a big help for the barangay because the files can be put in order.

8. How will the project be sustainable even after completion of the course program?

I think they can sustain the system because it is convenient and it is easy for them to use.

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Online Platform for City Health Information System

The project entitled Online Platform for City Health Information System is a cloud based solution for archiving and record keeping of patients’ health and medical information. The project was designed and developed in PHP, MySQL and WordPress. PHP and MySQL are the backend part of the project whereas the Content Management System WordPress serves as the informative frontend website.

Online Platform for City Health Information System

This article suggests some significant literature and studies conducted which is important in developing Online Platform for City Health Information System for some reason, deleting and adding the data will be efficient.

An Online Platform for City Health Information System is a system that will manage and collect data. The database has all information about the medical records of a patient. The system will be very helpful to provide better securities and protects data from failures and data loss and to reduce time consumption.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Web-based Student Management Information System

According to (S.R Bharamagoudar, Goeta R.B, SG Jotad Assistant Proffessor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engg, BasaveshwarEngg. College, Bagaltok, Kamataka professor, Department of Computer Science  & Engineering, GMRInstitute of technology , RAJAM, Andra Pradesh) (Volume, issue6, June 2013) the design and implementation of a comprehensive student information system and user interface is to replace the current paper records. College staffs are able to directly access all aspects of a student’s academic progress through a secure, online interface embedded in the colleges website. All data is stored securely on SQL servers managed by the college administrator and ensures highest possible level of security (http://www.ijarcce.com/upload/2013/june/4shobha%20bharamaoudar-WEB%20BASED%20STUDENT%20INFORMATION.pdf).

Web-based Electronic Medical Records and Hospital    Information System for Developing Countries

According to (Thuan D. NGUYEN, MD, PhD, Hai D. Vu, MSC, John G. WEBSTER, PhD, Amt J. NIMUNKAR, PhD) (submitted: February 19, 2010 and accepted: March 16, 2011) they research hospital in Vietnam and studied patient medical information storage, management and the available it facilities. They found that moist of the hospital used manual methods for information storage and management, consisting of papers and films in booklet. Some hospitals also used personal computer to manage and print the patient data in a simple and discrete way. The test results of patients are currently written on paper from results obtained through medical devices, or printed out from them. Manual paper based storage methods. Through simple and easy to implement, cannot be used to manage large amounts of patient information (https://www. Jhidc/inex.php/article/view38/93).

A WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE OF ANGELES CITY

According to (Bautista,LaureneMikko, Calimpus, Darell, David, Reynar, Delos Reyes, jacee) (By:Reynardavid on 5 october 2012) this proposal will enable Philippine National Police of Angeles City to have a Web-based Management Information System (MIS) that will allow authorized officers to have a tool managing their environments about their events and latest news and especially regarding about suspect profiling (https://prezi.com/emrs2zkyyhm/a.web.based-management_information_system_for_philippine.national.police_ofangelescity/).

Web-based Information System for Blood Donation

According to the corresponding author (Abdur Khan and Muhammad Shuab Qureshi) (doi: 10.4156/jdcta.vol3.issue2.khan) this research work is an attempt to practically implement the information technology in real world. This system provides multiple facilities. This system enables users to search, collect and donate blood to the patients who are waiting for the last drop of the blood and nearby to the death(www.researchgate.net/publication/220670316_web-based_Information_System_for_Blood_Dontion).

Blood Bank Management Information System in India

According to the corresponding author (Vikas Kulshres Research Scholar, Dr. sharad Maheshwari, Associate Professor) (Vol.1,issue2,pp.260-263) the blood bank management information system offers functionalities to quick access to donor records collected from various part of the country. They are providing the efficient search who needs the blood in their own city as fast as possible. Blood bank accepted the donated blood, only if donor satisfy all of the following conditions. If the donor are between age group of 18-60 years. If the donor’s weight is 45 kgs or more. If the donor’s haemoglobin is 12.5 gm% minimum. If the donor’s last blood donation was 3 or more months earlier (http://www.ijera.com/papers/vol%201%20issue%202/012260263AF.pdf).

Web-Based PhD  Thesis Management Information System For Tripoli of Computer Technology in Libya

According to (Salaheddin S. Mohamed Sayeh 2011). This study aims to develop web-based PhD’s to automatically ensure the PhD student’s thesis information management in the Faculty of Technology in Tripoly. This system is often to used in educational organizations due to its effectiveness in facilitating and enhancing the monitoring of the supervision  and manage of thesis and project paper (etd.uum.my/2820/2/I.Salaheddin._S_Mohamed_Sayeh.pdf)

 Prior ArtsWeb-based Medical Data Archive System

According to (Ruofei Zhang, Mark, Zhongfei Zhang and Guangbiao Pu). This research concerns with proposing a new paradigm of managing and archiving large scale medical data. Specifically, this research demonstrates this new paradigm through a prototype web-based medical data archive system. This system allows storing, maintaining, sharing, and retrieving medical files based on the state-of-the-art multimedia database technologies and the Internet facilities. Medical files typically contain data in different modalities, such as text description (either in print-typing form of in handwriting form) even thought significant progress has been made towards archiving medical data in digital forms, there are still many medical centres or hospitals archiving medical files in the physical forms. As the population of this world increases fast, and as new medical diagnostic technologies keep being developed and applied in the clinical practice, resulting in more new modalities and increasing amount of medical data for each patient, this traditional archival system obviously exhibits several major problems in accommodating the avalanching demand for archiving and managing medical data (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.119.110&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

A Online Platform for City Health Information System

The “Web Base Nutrition Office Management Information System with Decision Support System for Escalante City” is a system that will store a large medical records of patients such as: Normal, Underweight, Severely Underweight malnourished children. Through this system it can share the information about the patient’s medical records. This system provides the ranking of barangay who got a highest severely underweight malnourished children and it shares the information through internet. The final result will be recorded in city summary report on operation timbang plus.

Synthesis

A web based technology is the easiest way in viewing and sharing data and information using internet connection. It can provide the user a complete information which the user can easily view and browse through internet. An Online Platform for City Health Information System is a system that stores data and information about the patients’ health. Specifically, the recorded information or data the percentage and numbers of normal, underweight, severely underweight and prevalent rate of malnourished children; and, ranking of barangay who got a highest rank of severely underweight, prevalence rate, the total number of underweight and severely underweight.

An Online Platform for City Health Information System helps to add, edit and delete patients’ medical records. It is also easy to view the accomplishment report of the patient’s record. The patients record’s automatically back up to the database and it is secured since only the administrator is authorize to use the system.

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Pet Buddy: an Augmented Reality Health Assistant

The pet buddy application is an augmented reality project that can be installed on android devices. The main purpose of this project is to integrate the one of the latest trend in mobile application development which is the augmented reality to the field of health. The pet buddy health assistant will serve as your virtual pet, your partner every time you go on a walk and exercise.

Pet Buddy an Augmented Reality Health Assistant

So what is augment reality?

According to this link (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality) Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real-world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory.

Review of Related Literature

This article presents some concepts that were used by the researchers for this study. These reviews of related literature and studies, both were presented specifically in related studies and related literature.

Augmented Reality and nutrition field: A literature review study

The study of Inga Saboia, Cláudia Pernencar, Mário Varinhos discusses about the application of augmented reality to health and nutrition field.

With the popularization of technology in displays, several built-in sensors, and smartphones software open possibilities in perceiving AR as a daily tool. This article summarizes how AR technology has been integrated into nutritional theme. The goal is to merge the existing information as a starting point for a new research project. To achieve that stage, a systematic review of the literature was conducted from 2012 until 2017 in the total of thirteen articles found. We reflected on these studies through information gathering and categorizing. Nine of them indicated a greater tendency, a technical approach. However, a concern with experiential issues was found, and six of these studies have shown to be superficial. Another interesting point searched was, prototypes or system development that recognize food products and its volume, is becoming an auxiliary tool for diet and nutritional education.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050918316466

Game Designing       

            Sylvester (2013) claims that games must provoke emotion but, this does not every game must make players laugh madly, scream with rage, or break down and cry. In everyday speech, people often use the word emotion to refer only to the most extreme forms of passion like visible rage or grief; but most emotion is much delicate and more ubiquitous than this. Events in a game produce these small emotions. A minor distraction creates a pulse of frustration and makes a person grit teeth for an instant. A moment of indecision causes anxiety. Detecting and understanding delicate emotions is a designer skill. The primacy of emotion is one of the great unacknowledged secrets of game design. For instance, a person being asked about a game will give logical answers about the game being good or bad; but, usually, that logic is just an automatic rationalization for the emotions underneath. What really matters is how a game makes us feel. Unfortunately, game design discussions are still often shackled to the word fun and game design. The link is there, but it’s due to a coincidence of history, not a fact of reality.

Fun is an emotion; that sense of playful, merry exhilaration one feels on a roller coaster or in a friendly game of pickup soccer. It is a pleasurable emotion and a worthwhile design goal. But it is not nearly the only one. The researchers only focused on it because of where games came from. For most of history, there were no game designers and games were pieces of folk culture passed down through generations and enjoyed mostly by children. When adults played, it was typically as a short reprieve from there harsh, bland lives. In such a primitive environment, nobody needed a better term than fun to describe good games.

Game Programming
In game programming, James (2013), detailed that it is important to know what type of game is desired to be made. Most of the time, game developers work on the kind of games that they love to play. But, not all genres and formats of games fit well on the mobile platform, while some are perfectly suitable for games on the go. Even though the hardware and software for Android devices continue to be more sophisticated and powerful, bleeding-edge games that strain the limits of these devices’ memory and processing power may not be the best way to go. Developers need to keep in mind that most people would not have the latest and greatest devices, and if they want to target a wide part of the market, their games will need to run on older devices. In a word, the short answer to the question of what kinds of games are best for mobile are short.

Choosing the kind of game to make is not just a matter of deciding what type of game gamers like to play or which type of game they think will be the most marketable although both of these are important. The researchers considered genre first before moving on to other factors such as the number of players that affect design.

In programming Android games, the size of the button should be considered. The buttons should be large enough for easy interactivity and spaced far enough from each other so that the player does what they want to, when they want to do it.

The text should also be clearly readable, especially on smaller devices. The Android SDK lets the programmer scale text according to screen size, but any text embedded in graphics need to be readable across all resolutions.

One other important design decision that is often overlooked especially by beginning game developers is colorblindness. Up to 10 percent of males can have some form of colorblindness and if the game relies on color to differentiate between game elements, it may be difficult or unplayable to a significant segment of the market.

Data gathering and Documentation

In a book made by Brown (2010) about developing documentations for designing and planning entitled Communicating Design, the importance of data gathering in documentation is discussed. The book described design as a complex process composed of many smaller activities like listening, analyzing, evaluating, brainstorming, synthesizing, experimenting, composing, describing, discussing, exploring, reacting and countless others. Documenting is not one of these activities but, engaging in any of these activities yields artifacts such as diagrams, notes, sketches, lists, inventories, annotations, and larger documents that result from the act of performing the tasks. Documentation is the collection of documents prepared over the course of a project. It captures idea or data gathered and attempts to turn it to meaning information.

Each task requires input or data, and these artifacts that come from doing design are the same things that help feed the design process. The success of the task directly relates to the quality of the inputs and may be measured through the quality of its outputs. In other words, documenting is a way of utilizing the input or the data gathered to measure the success of a result. Gathering data for use in documentation contributes to the design process in many ways.

The proponents recommended android 4.0 for better result for gaming experience because the Apk files are very easy to install, just a few seconds and you will enjoy the game. The proponent mostly used the mobile setup and specification in order to run the system. This android system allows applying the several application systems into interactive and easy navigated system to android.  The craft of navigating the system will allow generating all the application to all types of android phones and gadgets.

Photoshop

            Seeley (2013) said that, Photoshop is unlike other common software interfaces which emulate virtual typewriters or graphing paper. Photoshop creates an artist’s virtual studio/darkroom. When the user open the program the user will see a toolbox on the left with tools use to manipulate images, and on the right, a white square which is “canvas” or work area. The gray area surrounding the canvas is not part of image, but only defines its edges.

Review of Related Studies

Throughout the research, the researchers found some related studies to prove that the propose system is feasible, including:

Tamagochi L.I.F.E

According to Matthew O’mara (February 14, 2013) for those who spent countless hours caring for their virtual pets, Namco Bandai Games Inc. Is bringing back the Tamagotchi as a downloadable smartphone application for Google Inc.”S Android platform and Apple Inc’siOS: Tamagotchi L.I.F.E. The pocket pet was released in North America in 1997. Tamagotchi itself is a hybrid of the Japanese word “Tamago” meaning egg, and the word “Watch.” According to the tamagotchi L.I.F.E website, more than 78 million Tamagotchi devices have been sold, not to mention the various releases on hand held systems.

TamagotchiL.I.F.E. released on the 16th birthday of the electronic pet, features more characters and higher resolution graphics, so the game looks the part on mobile devices. The game allows players to interact with the virtual pet in either game mode or app mode. Game mode looks like the traditional handheld device with the three buttons allowing you to feed, interact, and clean up after your pet. App mode is more streamlined allowing users on the go- though there are garish banners- to take care of their little pet. The Tamagochi game is a type of pet game, which allows the programmers/ proponent  used to conceptualize the extend of caring to pets, such as feeding them, providing them food, and care to be able to perform well in the interaction of the game.

Furdiburb

According to Chad Ata (august 12, 2012) Furdiburb has been in development for nearly 3 years. Early on, the developers planned for a community-influenced project, so they released a minimally functional version in order to get immediate feedback. The earliest builds began with a focus on purely virtual pet aspects, resulting in a Tamagotchi-like experience. Users enjoyed these features but wanted more to do with the simple pet. Given this feedback the team (aka Team Furdi) decided to focus on the storyline of Furdiburb returning to his home planet via action and adventure gameplay. In summer of 2011 Team Furdi made the switch to working full-time on Furdiburb in order to pursue this goal.

Furdiburb is a virtual pet, puzzle, and adventure game mashed into one. Players care for their newly adopted pet by feeding and cleaning him. They may also customize his looks, furniture, and house with fun-themed designs. The main goal of the game is to explore gorgeous lands, play mini-games (fishing, star jumping, bug dodging, and music writing), and solve puzzles in order to collect parts to fix up a broken spaceship so that Furdiburb may return home one day.

Proponent adapted by the user to be able to learn for dodging, jumping and moving from one action to another interface. The system shall evaluate the system on the interaction bought the data explored, the value and the movement of the data.

Agawang Biik

According to The Icival (September 7, 2011) the development is a modern day interpretation of the traditional Filipino fiesta parlor game called “AgawangBiik”. In the traditional game, a pig is placed in a mud filled ring and participants will try and catch the pig. Whoever catches the pig will win a prize. In this modern interpretation, the user controls the pig as it tries to escape from hordes of game participants. This game was created as a thesis project by students of Informatics Computer Institute Valenzuela (Philippines) taking up Advanced Diploma in Gaming and Animation Technology.

The proponent allows relate the system to the current development, the application must give ideas to the programmer to what aspects the system must be simulated, and the application that the system must be applied. The use of piggy rush must have evaluated by the proponent to be able for the programmer to evaluate the idea of moving the interaction of the user to the android apps.

Piggy Run

According to Dexit (September 7th, 2011) the Piggy run is one of the best Piggy games. Help the Piggy in its adventure to run away from the farmer. Help Piggy Rush to end of the levels to reach its baby Piggies. Piggy Run is more fun if you compete with your friends and find out who can help the Pig run free first. Piggy Run is the only Pig Run game with awesome levels and great looking animations for celebration at end of each level.

Pig run is more fun if you learn how to make the pig fly and run. There are very few pig games that are as much fun as this one. Piggy Run is similar to other jumping, arcade games only more fun. Download Piggy Run and have hours of fun.

Play this Piggy Adventure game any time. Multiple Piggy levels including City, Ghetto and many awesome looking levels. Help Piggy rush to each of these levels and not become a Piggy Pie at dinner table.

The awesome features that the Piggy rush as adopted by the proponent, is the concept of a level by level stages of the game, the goal system of the game, as well as the aspects of monitoring the movement and skills of the pets. This also includes the strategy game movement of the player to interact with the system users.

Dragopet

According to Dragopet (August 9, 2013) the Pet we will become a guardian of a mystic dragon. Before we begin playing with our virtual 3D pet, we will receive an egg to take proper care of it. When it will hatch you will step into an epic adventure of living, having fun and taking care of a unique animal living in your phone. The first thing you’ll have to remember is that your little magic creature lives all the time in your device like in tamagotchi! It is not simply being saved when you exit the game. It is always alive and may notify you at any time it needs your help.

The Proponent decided to choose features because it attain the goals of the dragon, and make the level up game which might be related to the proposed android app game. The game is an objective game that allows the system monitoring concepts of the speed, the powers and effectively monitoring the speed of the dragon.

Town Little Pet Shop

According to ANPT.GlosoftPEHM-Development Company( August 23,2013) the  immersed in the LITTLEST PET SHOP world and collect your favorite pets Help BLYTHE and her friends, Minka, Penny, Pepper, Russell, Sunil, Vinnie and Zoe to adopt, take care of and entertain cute little pets!

The features are 150 pets to collect! Dogs, cats, bears and more, Wash them, feed them and play with them in fun mini-games, Build houses and play areas to welcome and entertain even more pets, Visit your friends and find the hidden objects in their towns. Littlest Pet Shop is free to play, but if you wish you can enrich your experience by purchasing game items with real money. You can disable in-app purchases by adjusting your device’s settings.

The Proponent used the Little Pet Shop as the medium of instruction in creating the system as the guide in order to possibly do the system. The system is evaluate to be able to address requirement of the proposed system in dealing with the movement of the data, the movement of the characters /sprite (Potchi). This serve as a guide in the development of the characters in the game, the scores obtain by the gamer, goals are fully adapted by the proponents.

Big Fish Family

According to Paul Thelen (September 7th, 2011) the farm fish from all around the world, and help keep Fisher’s Family Farm afloat, in this fast-paced Time Management game! Help Marissa Fisher feed her fishy friends as they produce delicious goods that you can sell. Collect fantastic upgrades to protect your ponds from pesky predators and meet your goals to advance to the next farm. Visit and manage gorgeous farms in great locations Exciting gameplay. Feed and care for the fish and choose your favorite way to protect them from the pelicans. Big Fish is the leading global marketplace to discover and enjoy casual games. You can enjoy our virtually endless selection of games anytime, anywhere — on your PC, Mac, mobile phone, or tablet. Learn more at bigfishgames.com.

The Big Fish Family is software adapted by the proponents, which for most features of the proposed game has been adapted from this app. The Level up game scenario, extension of lives, the features of feeding the fish, and as well as the mapping of the different sites and scenarios of the game.

Pedometer Application

The pedometer application generally mimics the functions of the pedometer device. Therefore, this application can count user steps, show the approximate distance, speed and the number of calories burned. Accupedo-Pro Pedometer (LLC, 2013) is an example of this kind of application. Because this application measures the approximate distance calculated from user’s paces, it cannot measure user’s speed accurately, thereby affecting the precision of calorie calculation.

Big Fish Game

According to Bigfishgames (September 7, 2011) the Play Angry Birds Games are the most playing and latest games in the world. Angry Birds is an exciting physics-based game. You dish out revenge upon the green pigs for stealing the birds’ eggs by firing the Angry Birds at the green pigs’ castles. You’ll find here the many exciting games with and about Angry Birds, which you will love to play all these. From the many latest versions out on the internet we select the best and highest quality angry bird’s games. The game has amazing graphics and sound effects. In fact, the physics of angry birds also stands above the crowd. You can find latest collections of free Angry Birds games which are very good flash games provided for our game lovers.

The proponent has been used by the proponent as a guide of the role playing data in the system, it monitors the system guide in targets of the game, objectives of the games, and as well as to monitor the game levels of according to the script of the game.

According to Bigfishgames (September 7, 2011) from the Cheetah to the Owl, from the Kangaroo to the Sea Turtle and so much more. Mini Pets lets you shelter and take care of the cutest animals on Earth. There are literally hundreds of animals. (More than 120 and counting) Fully customizable shelter with many items on the Market, Buy amazing decorations, vegetation, and shops to keep your visitors happy. The shops are also an important source of revenue to your animal shelter.

Since Potchi App is an android game that is fully cared by the pet lover, the concept that modifies the character is being cared by the pet lover, and as well as the concept of the monitoring of the pets. In this the proponent uses the structure and flow of the system.

Calorie Counting Application

Android calorie counting application is an application that helps users to keep track of their meals, exercise and weight. An example of Android calorie counting application is Calorie Counter by FatSecret (FatSecret, 2013). This application works by providing necessary information such as nutrition facts on foods and number of calories burned in each exercise mode. The number of calories burned by user’s activities will be counted and recorded in the application. Since the calorie counting process does not come from the real practice, the result may be incorrect.

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SMS Based Information System Review of Related Literature

This article provides information in review of related literatures, systems and studies on the use of technology in storing, providing and tracking data with the use of Internet and Instant Messages (IM) Technology.

Related Literature

Information System

An information system (IS) is any combination of information technology and people’s activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. In a very broad sense, the term information system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, algorithmic processes, data and technology.

SMS Based Information System Review of Related Literature

In this sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.

Management Information System

A management information system (MIS) is a subset of the overall internal controls of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solving business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making.

Short Message Service (SMS) Technology

SMS is essentially similar to paging, but SMS messages do not require the mobile phone to be active and within range, as they will be held for a number of days until the phone is active and within range. SMS messages are transmitted within the same cell or to anyone with roaming capability. They can also be sent to digital phones from a web site equipped with a PC Link or from one digital phone to another. An SMS gateway is a web site that lets you enter an SMS message to someone within the cell served by that gateway or acts as an international gateway for users with roaming capability.

(http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/sms/)

It provides a very convenient method of exchanging small bits of information between mobile users. The reasons for the enormous popularity of SMS have been the fact that this mechanism of sending and receiving messages not only saves time but costs less as well. In many situations one is relatively much more comfortable sending a message via SMS than talking over phone. With new information services and unique value added services being used by the operators the popularity of SMS is increasing further.

Related Studies

System integration of WAP and SMS for home network system

This paper proposes a Home Network System (HNS) architecture integrated with Wireless Application Protocol and Short Message Service to support the connectivity between home and Internet/Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) networks. The HNS architecture includes an HNS gateway and three home network subsystems, i.e., home appliance, security and messaging subsystems. The main objective of the integrated system is to remotely monitor and control the devices in the HNS via laptop computer or a GSM mobile terminal. In addition to responding to remote queries, the managed devices (e.g., home appliances or burglar alarm system) can actively send alerting messages to a mobile terminal when an abnormal state occurs. Through the HNS gateway, the monitoring and control information is diffused to the Internet/GSM network (www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128603001981)

This system can tracked and also the use SMS. The system integration of WAP and SMS for home network system tracked any abnormal state occurs and send message to a mobile terminal. Because of this system the home user will be updated and alert to any case that will occur.

Tracking System for Automobiles

An efficient automotive security system is implemented for anti-theft using an embedded system occupied with a Global Positioning System (GPS) and a Global System of Mobile (GSM).  The client interacts through this system with vehicles and determines their current locations and status using Google Earth. The user can track the position of targeted vehicles on Google Earth. Using GPS locator, the target current location is determined and sent, along with various parameters received by vehicle’s data port, via Short Message Service (SMS) through GSM networks to a GSM modem that is connected to PC or laptop. The GPS coordinates are corrected using a discrete Kalman filter. To secure the vehicle, the user of a group of users can turn off any vehicle of the fleet if any intruders try to run it by blocking the gas feeding line. This system is very safe and efficient to report emergency situations as crash reporting or engine failure (http://ijmlc.org/papers/94-T043).

This system can also track any abnormal state occurs and send message for updates and alerts. This system is very advantage to all drivers for automotive security.

Web-based Appointment System Using Short Messages Service Technology: Usability Aspect

This paper presents an ongoing research that helps students and lecturer to be always aware of the appointment no matter where they are. It contributes to the teaching and learning process, in which communication is made easy using Short Messaging System (SMS) Technology. SMS application also has been used in education to send notification to group of student in campus (Mohammed and Norhayati, 2003). The advantages of the work include that the information could be deceive quickly and it reduces the number of students who are not notify. (www.Academia.edu)

Aside from easy communication to a teaching and learning process, through SMS it will also lessen the time consumed and everyone will be updated to any status and information that must be absorb.

Issue Tracking System

An issue tracking system (also ITS, trouble ticket system, support ticket, request management or incident ticket system) is a computer software package that manages and maintains lists of issues, as needed by an organization. Issue tracking systems are commonly used in an organization’s customer support call center to create, update, and resolve reported customer issues, or even issues reported by that organization’s other employees. An issue tracking system often also contains a knowledge base containing information on each customer, resolutions to common problems, and other such data. An issue tracking system is similar to a “bug tracker”, and often, a software company will sell both, and some bug trackers are capable of being used as an issue tracking system, and vice versa. Consistent use of an issue or bug tracking system is considered one of the “hallmarks of a good software team”. (http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/72866)

This issue tracking system is a computer base system use to track any malicious issue arises from a certain organization and maintains list of issues. Aside from tracking it contain also information about a certain organizations, problems, solution and other data.

iNotified: An SMS and RFID-Based Notification System of Lipa City Colleges, Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

One of the worries of the parents is that if their children are really attending or not in the school during their class period. This is one of the challenges that Lipa City Colleges is confronting, since at present, the school has no way of providing the immediate information to the parents if their children are in or out of the school premises in a particular time.

Hence, the researcher conducted this system development study which is considered a new technology which helped the school to solve the problem in monitoring the students’ whereabouts.

Medical event notification system using SMS technology

This paper presents a medical event notification system implementation using short message service (SMS) over the cellular network. The main objective is the announcement for vaccination campaigns and availability of a particular medical attention at health sites where these services are not regularly provided.

In this way, it provides a tool that facilitates healthcare in remote locations without medical assistance infrastructure. Since the main requirement of these systems is to achieve its massive adoption, SMS service is used to guarantee reaching all recipients regardless of their mobile device technology.

A home-based health information acquisition system

With the development of health consciousness and growing of the aging population, the healthcare demand becomes more and more important. At the same time, recent rapid growth in mobile computing technologies enables telemedicine applications operations on mobile devices. The technologies and demands accelerated different kinds of home-based devices for the aged healthcare and medical treatment. The focus of this information system for in-home healthcare, and a new household acquisition terminal device which integrated electrocardiogram (ECG), blood oxygen, blood pressure and body temperature acquirement functions. A set-top box based manipulation method was adopted for operators; the physiological data could be acquired by the corresponding detectors. The parameters were collected and transmitted by set-top box and were received by the data server and sent to the medical staff of a hospital or healthcare center, professional healthcare advice or clinical diagnosis would be provided. Simultaneously, the collected parameters and the feedback clinic advice were stored on the servers which could be accessed by long distance clients such as a mobile smart phone user.

This system involved multiple physiologic parameters which led to great potential for universality, and in the terminal side the set-top box and IPTV screen shared scenario brought ease of use. Further progresses were made in the product upgrade because the shared IPTV screen was employed, which might be improved with the family demand. The entire system was built for commercial achievements and the acquired data had great potential in disease screening and public hygiene research.

Synthesis

The related literature, studies and system provided great bases on the importance of implementing an SMS based information system. The different related systems have a similarity to our proposed system in term of tracking and using SMS. Our system can track any updates, requirements needed and give instruction for the next steps. After tracking, it will send the messages to the clients and administration.

As technology is improving rapidly and websites can be accessed through others devices like any other mobile devices, these will provide a cost efficient and less time consuming to the interaction of clients and the administration.

The related literature, studies and system confirms the researcher’s perspective on the significance and success of tracking the Claim Folder in the Department of Agrarian Reform.

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K-12 Grading System Review of Related Literature        

This project cited books, articles and related systems, which are relevant to the present study. It is composed of related literature and studies, both local and foreign, which contain facts and information significant on the design and development of the new system.

Development Tools:

The project entitled K-12 Grading System is available in the following programming languages:

• Visual Basic and MS Access
• Visual Basic and MySQL
• C# and MySQL
• PHP, MySQL and Bootstrap

K-12 Grading System Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Advantages of Automated Systems

            An automated system is any system where an input is provided and a machine or computer carries out a process that produces an output. Advantages of Automated Systems include the following: Speed – They can process information much more quickly than humans. This means they are good for controlling machinery that might need to be adjusted instantly; Repetition – Automated systems can do the same task over and over again without getting bored, needing breaks or making mistakes; Accuracy – They can do very detailed work and follow precise instructions without error; Safety – Automated systems can work in places where it would be unsafe to put a human, for example, in a nuclear power plant, under water or in space; Efficiency – They get more done than humans but cost less to operate. This is because the do need breaks, wages, holidays, canteens, heating and lighting. The quality of the work done is always of the same standard being materials are not wasted due to human error; and Adaptability – Automated systems can be reprogrammed to do different tasks. For example, a robot that was used to make one type of car could be reprogrammed to work with a new model or be used to spray paint a car instead of being used to weld parts together.

(http://www.gordonschools.aberdeenshire.sch.uk/Departments/Computing)

Grading (Education)

Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements of varying levels of achievement in a course.

Grades can be assigned in letters (for example A, B, C, D, E or F), as a range (for example 1 to 6), as a percentage of a total number correct, as a number out of a possible total (for example out of 20 or 100), or as descriptors (excellent, great, satisfactory, needs improvement). In some countries, all grades from all current classes are averaged to create a grade point average (GPA) for the marking period. The GPA is calculated by taking the number of grade points a student earned in a given period of time divided by the total number of credits taken. The GPA can be used by potential employers or educational institutions to assess and compare applicants. A Cumulative Grade Point Average is a calculation of the average of all of a student’s grades for all courses completed so far. (http://en.wikipedia.org)

Student Profiling System

Student Academic profiling system (SAPS) is a method where the academic and extra-curricular performance of each and every student in school will be stored in a central computer server system over a period of time and a unique Identification number for each student will be used to have the record of each and every student in a computer server.  (eMaharashtra, 2013)

Student Records is a section within Information Services and Systems (ISS) responsible for the student database records and administration which are a central part of the core administration function. Increased interoperability and integration of student record systems with other systems such as, timetabling and assessment play a vital role in delivering effective academic and administrative services. (http://www.swansea.ac.uk)

Grading System in the Philippines

Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements of varying levels of achievement in a course. Grades can be assigned in letters (for example A, B, C, D, E or F), as a range (for example 1 to 6), as a percentage of a total number correct, as a number out of a possible total (for example out of 20 or 100), or as descriptors (excellent, great, satisfactory, needs improvement).

(http://en.wikipedia.org)

The abovementioned concept is used as basis by the researchers in the formulation of the objectives of the study and serves as guide on what features to be integrated in the system.  Furthermore, the concepts presented will also serve as the bases of the researchers in the design of the Grading and Profiling System to address the needs of the administrators, teachers and students.

Grading System of k-12 Program of Department of Education

            The assessment process is holistic, with emphasis on the formative or developmental purpose of quality assuring student learning. It is also standards-based as it seeks to ensure that teachers will teach to the standards and students will aim to meet or even to exceed the standards. The students’ attainment of standards in terms of content and performances therefore, a critical evidence of learning.

The assessment shall be done at four levels and shall be weighted as follows:

The levels are defined as follows:

1. ““Knowledge” refers to the substantive content of the curriculum, the facts and information that the students acquires.
2. ““Process” refers to cognitive operations that the student performs on facts and information for the purpose of constructing meanings and understandings.
3. ““Understandings” refers to enduring big ideas, principles and generalizations inherent to the discipline, which may be assessed using facets of understanding.

1.  ““Products/Performances” refers to real-life application of understanding as evidenced by the student’s performance of authentic tasks.

Levels of Proficiency

At the end of the quarter, the performance of students shall be described in the report card, based on the following levels of proficiency:

• Beginning – The student at this level struggles with his/her understanding; prerequisite and fundamental knowledge and or skills have not been acquired or developed adequately to aid understanding.
• Developing – The student at this level possesses the minimum knowledge and skills and core understandings, but needs help throughout the performance of authentic tasks.
• Approaching Proficiency – The student at this level has developed the fundamental knowledge and skills and core understandings and with little guidance from the teacher and/or with some assistance from peers, can transfer these understandings through authentic performance tasks.
• Proficient – The student at this level has developed the fundamental knowledge and skills and core understandings, and can transfer them independently through authentic performance tasks.

• Advanced – The student at this level exceeds the core requirements in terms of knowledge, skills and understandings, and can transfer them automatically and flexibly through authentic performance tasks.

The level of proficiency at which the student if performing shall be based on a numerical value which is arrived at after summing up the results of the student’s performance on the various levels of assessment. The numerical values are as follows:

What shall appear in the report card is not the numerical value, but the equivalent level of proficiency, abbreviated as follows:

B for Beginning;

D for Developing;

AP for Approaching Proficiency;

P for Proficient; and

A for Advanced

At the end of the four quarters, the Final Grade for each learning area shall be reported as the average of the four quarterly ratings, expressed in terms of the levels of proficiency. The general average shall be the average of the final grades of the different learning areas, also expressed in terms of levels of proficiency with the numerical equivalent in parenthesis. 

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY

Student Information Systems (SIS)

According to Baseler (2011) a Student Information Systems, commonly referred to as SIS, was released initially in 2005 in a collaborated effort between Student Academic Affairs Office (SAAO) and the Office of Educational technology (OET). The objective was to take Banner Student information and create a more user friendly interface for tracking student information, reporting on the information, and further assisting with College of Education needs which could not be met by Banner. In the spring of 2006, SAAO created the Technical Information Specialist position to improve response time to SIS developmental needs as well as to assist users and create new modules and reports. As of May 2007, SIS is being used by the entire SAAO staff, Graduate Department Support Staff, and a group of 18 faculty members.

(https://education.illinois.edu/saao/documents/SIS_Manual.pdf)

Benefits of a Well-Designed Automated Student Record System

According to nces.ed.gov (2010) the advantages of a Well-Design automated Record System are the following: Cost saving and cost avoidance- A well-conceived and implemented automated student record system can reduce the costs of handling the paperwork associated with record keeping; Quicker Response- allows for timely retrieval of needed information; Accuracy- is vital at every stage, from data collection, to entry, to maintenance in the system it provides users with the confidence they will require to rely upon a student record system; Getting the needed information- they can provide the information required on request, easily, and without burdensome trial-and-error searching; Moving data among different education agencies- allows for the easy and efficient movement of student records among levels of the education system using standard formats.

This studies presented above by Baseler  and nces.ed.gov have significance to the researcher’s study because the study of Baseler is similar to the present study that is to create a more user friendly interface for tracking student information, reporting on the information, and generate accurate reports.

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App Based Calendar Scheduler in Framework 7

Development Tools:

Framework 7 – is a free and open source framework to develop mobile, desktop or web apps with native look and feel. It is also an indispensable prototyping tool to show working app prototype as soon as possible in case you need to. (https://framework7.io/)

Apache Cordova – Cordova wraps your HTML/JavaScript app into a native container which can access the device functions of several platforms. These functions are exposed via a unified JavaScript API, allowing you to easily write one set of code to target nearly every phone or tablet on the market today and publish to their app stores. (https://cordova.apache.org/)

App Based Calendar Scheduler in Framework 7

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES, STUDIES, AND SYSTEMS

Related literatures, studies, and systems are discussed in this chapter to support the ideas behind the research. These literatures aided in the conceptualization and development of the proposed system project.

Related Literatures

Appointment scheduling is one of the key processes in health care industry. A well-designed appointment system can improve patients’ satisfaction and reduce the cost of clinics and hospitals. Appointment scheduling is to provide an optimal policy and achieve a good balance between patients’ satisfaction and the performance of providers or clinics. In the real world, some factors will have influence on the performance of an appointment system, such as punctuality and urgency of patients, no-shows or cancellations, and service process. (Xin Dai, 2013).

A significant majority of higher education institutions currently use the semester calendar (either the early or traditional semester). The pattern (i.e., predominance) of calendar use was consistent across institutions even when adjustments for basic indices such as institutional sector and size were made. Disaggregation by these institutional indices, in fact, yielded statistically similar results.        (Wilson,2012)

Calendar scheduling is a difficult task for people who have overbooked calendars with many constraints. Currently, calendar applications do not allow users to specify scheduling constraints such as how preferable a free time is for scheduling a new meeting or to what extent an existing meeting can be rescheduled. This paper introduces the “availability bar,” an interaction and visualization technique for complex calendar scheduling constraints. Availability bars, embedded in calendar applications, can help users who manually schedule meetings. Availability bars can also mediate communication with calendar scheduling agents that gather availability constraints, search for times that satisfy the constraints, and negotiate with invitees when no satisfactory time is found for the constraints. (Faulring, 2015).

Olaleye (2013) SMS Message Scheduling study discuss a successfully designed and developed an enterprise class mass SMS mailing system that support multiple users as well as multiple SMS gateways, providing a unified interface and common set of features across many SMS gateways which prevent vendor lock-in as users can choose among multiple SMS vendor gateways. Another major feature provided by the new system is the introduction of SMS message scheduling. This feature makes SMS message scheduling possible across all SMS gateways including those that do not internally support scheduling. Moreover, users can also cancel any scheduled message if the need be.

Palen (2015) Groupware Calendar Systems (GCSs) highlights the need for a synthesis of these multiple perspectives to fully understand the adoption challenges these systems face. First, GCSs often replace existing calendar artifacts, which can impact users calendaring habits and in turn influence technology adoption decisions. Second, electronic calendars have the potential to easily share contextualized information publicly over the computer network, creating opportunities for peer judgment about time allocation and raising concerns about privacy regulation.

Senior Scheduling System is a powerful tool designed to help create school’s master schedule. The schedule created by the scheduling system can be analyzed, adjusted and rerun an unlimited number of times until the desired results are achieved. The power of Scheduling system will greatly reduce the time it takes to create school’s faculty schedules. (Gordon Smith, 2007)

Related Studies

The related studies included in this part gave ideas on how LMS contributes to the need of educational institutions for the betterment of teaching strategy for educators and learning opportunities for the students.

Pareja. (2015) The system is designed for SSC officer; to encode and calculate the student record and notifies the student regarding their statement of account through SMS. This system is limited to notify student account via SMS, they can only receive a notification but they cannot reply/ inquiry their accounts. The SMS Gateway is an Interface between software applications mobile networks. Allows a computer to send or receive Short Message Service (SMS) transmissions to or from a mobile network. Database and its Server, Database is MySQL running in the server compatible with the database server of .NET framework that consist of various tables storing student details pertaining of his personal Information, Account information and transaction information. Database stored students confidential Information. The system is based on secure SMS protocol and it uses SMS as media send and receive encrypted information.

Mayuga(2015)In the study of entitled Web-Based: Scheduling and Information System for NBI LUCDO Clearance Applicants with SMS, is a web site that will provide information’s about the agency such as news and staff that will help applicants become updated of the agencies activities, the system will also provide online scheduling that will help applicants most specially applicants from far municipalities in Quezon province have an specific schedule of clearance application, the system will also help the clearance administrator to manage records of applicants and have a printed reports every day. The system will also notify applicants via SMS about the status of their clearance application.

Ramos (2011), the phenomenon of Short Messaging Services (SMS) or “texting”, is one that has been growing exponentially in many countries in Asia. This study will be conducted in two countries, the Philippines and Mongolia, where the technology has been noted to have the most promise, in terms of using texting as a possible tool in providing education. The Philippines has been consistently referred to as the texting capital of the world, and has especially taken to this technology in a big way.

Related Systems/Softwares

The development of the proposed system was similar to some of the open source LMS used nowadays by different organizations. Since it is an open source, it is available, affordable, and free for experimentation, the organization needs to provide access to skilled IT people to design, implement, and manage an open system (Bhatia, 2014). The lack of formal support mechanisms and the pioneering spirit of open source initiative require highly skilled, motivated, and creative technical personnel (Gangalizadeh, 2006). Some of these systems are as follows:

Twilio  is build apps that communicate with everyone in the world. Voice & Video, Messaging, and Authentication APIs for every application. (Lawson,2017)

District Calendar This calendar will display all events across all buildings in the District. The building associated to the event can be determined by color as well as prefix. (Remsnyder, 2010)

E-Sched must provide a graphical user interface that allows a user to schedule meetings and cancel meetings.  e-Sched must display one week at a time, Monday through Friday, showing the meetings that have been created.  (Daowei, 2012).

            Linux Calendar is used by almost 500,000 people in educational institutions in over 18 countries and contains homework drop box and student tracking and identifies different roles such as classes, students, professors, and administrative staff (Chaudhari, 2012).

            Automated Sprinkler Irrigation Scheduler System, created a computer controlled water sprinkler system that minimizes the time and effort of the farmers in watering the farm. The software allows the user to set time and date when the sprinkler form a manual operated system to a computer operated system. The system also added attraction to the farm and enabled the farmer to conserve water since it is only the plants that watered when it is not raining and when needed. The Study used Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 to develop the said system. (Nonol,2013)

Online School Activities Compilation Database Management System with SMS Notification Collecting all the data of school activities to gather and compile into one location. It has features that provide better ways for compiling documents for making work easier. This proposed system will give convenience in terms of updating documents and saving information. (Ayala, 2015)

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